The head of Merope tuber (Meropeidae) and the phylogeny of Mecoptera (Hexapoda)

Arthropod Structure and Development

Volumn 42, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 69-88

  Friedrich, Frank ^a   Pohl, Hans ^b   Beckmann, Felix ^c   Beutel, Rolf G ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG   (Germany)

^b FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIVERSITY JENA   (Germany)

^c INSTITUTE OF MATERIALS RESEARCH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Feeding; Morphology; Musculature; Phylogeny; Skeleton

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL STRUCTURES; ANTLIOPHORA; ARTICLE; BODY REGIONS; CLADISTICS; DIPTERA; FLEA; HEAD; HEXAPOD; MECOPTERA; MEROPE TUBER; MONOPHYLY; NONHUMAN; PARAPHYLY; PARSIMONY ANALYSIS; PHYLOGENY; SALIVARY GLAND DUCT; TAXONOMY;

ANIMALS; FEMALE; HEAD; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; INSECTS; LARVA; MALE; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON, SCANNING; PHYLOGENY; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

APTEROPANORPIDAE; BOREIDAE; CAURINUS; CHORISTIDAE (SCORPIONFLIES); DIPTERA; HEXAPODA; MECOPTERA; MEROPE; MEROPE TUBER; MEROPEIDAE; NANNOCHORISTA; NANNOCHORISTIDAE; PANORPIDAE; PANORPODIDAE;

EID: 84871489167     PISSN: 14678039     EISSN: 18735495     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2012.09.006     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Abbott I., Burbidge T., Wills A. Austromerope poultoni (Insecta, Mecoptera) in south-west Western Australia: occurrence, modelled geographical distribution, and phenology. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 2007, 90:97-106.
2. Aspöck H., Aspöck U. Raphidioptera (Kamelhalsfliegen). Handbuch der Zoologie 1971, 4. 2nd half (Insecta).
3. Aspöck U., Aspöck H. 29. Ordnung Megaloptera, Großflügler, Schlammfliegen. Wirbellose Tiere, 5. Teil: Insecta 2005, 552-564. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin. second ed. H.H. Dathe (Ed.).
4. Beckmann F., Donath T., Fischer J., Dose T., Lippmann T., Lottermoser L., Martins R.V., Schreyer A. New developments for synchrotron-radiation-based microtomography at DESY. Proceedings of SPIE 2006, 6318:1-10.
5. Beckmann F., Herzen J., Haibel A., Müller B., Schreyer A. High density resolution in synchrotron-radiation-based attenuation-contrast microtomography. Proceedings of SPIE 2008, 7078. D-1-13.
6. Beutel R.G., Baum E. A longstanding entomological problem finally solved? Head morphology of Nannochorista (Mecoptera, Insecta) and possible phylogenetic implications. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 2008, 46:346-367.
7. Beutel, R.G., Friedrich, F. 2.3.1 Boreidae: Caurinus, adult head. In: Beutel, R.G., Kristensen, N.P. (Eds.), Handbook of Zoology, Nannomecoptera and Neomecoptera. De Gruyter, Berlin, in press.
8. Beutel R.G., Vilhelmsen L. Head anatomy of Xyelidae (Hexapoda: Hymenoptera) and phylogenetic implications. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 2007, 7:207-230.
9. Beutel R.G., Friedrich F., Whiting M.F. Head morphology of Caurinus (Boreidae, Mecoptera) and its phylogenetic implications. Arthropod Structure & Development 2008, 37:418-433.
10. Beutel R.G., Kristensen N.P., Pohl H. Resolving insect phylogeny: the significance of cephalic structures of the Nannomecoptera in understanding endopterygote relationships. Arthropod Structure & Development 2009, 38:427-460.
11. Beutel R.G., Zimmermann D., Krauß M., Randolf S., Wipfler B. Head morphology of Osmylus fulvicephalus (Osmylidae, Neuroptera) and its phylogenetic implications. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 2010, 10:311-329.
12. Beutel R.G., Friedrich F., Hörnschemeyer T., Pohl H., Hünefeld F., Beckmann F., Meier R., Misof B., Whiting M.F., Vilhelmsen L. Morphological and molecular evidence converge upon a robust phylogeny of the megadiverse Holometabola. Cladistics 2011, 27:341-355.
13. Bierbrodt E. Der Larvenkopf von Panorpa communis L. und seine Verwandlung, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Gehirns und der Augen. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere 1943, 68:49-136.
14. Bremer K. Branch support and tree stability. Cladistics 1994, 10:295-304.
15. Brown B.V. A further chemical alternative to critical-point-drying for preparing small (or large) flies. Fly Times 1993, 11:10.
16. Byers G.W. Zoogeography of the Meropeidae. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 1973, 46:511-516.
17. Byers G.W. Autumnal Mecoptera of Southeastern United States. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 1993, 55:57-96.
18. Christophers S.R. The imago. Aëdes aegypti (L.) The Yellow Fever Mosquito. Its Life History, 1960, 397-417. Bionomics and Structure. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
19. Crampton G.C. A phylogenetic study of the larval and adult head in Neuroptera, Mecoptera, Diptera and Trichoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 1917, 10:337-344.
20. Crampton G.C. The sclerites of the head, and the mouthparts of certain immature and adult insects. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 1921, 14:65-110.
21. Crampton G.C. The wings of the remarkable archaic mecopteron Notiothauma reedi Mclachlan with remarks on their protoblattoid affinities. Psyche 1930, 37:83-103.
22. Crampton G.C. The genitalia and terminal structures of the male of the archaic mecopteron Notiothauma reedi, compared with related Holometabola from the standpoint of phylogeny. Psyche 1931, 38:1-12.
23. Dunford J.C., Kovarki P.W., Somma L.A., Serrano D. First state records for Merope tuber (Mecoptera: Meropeidae) in Florida and biogeographical implications. Florida Entomologist 2007, 90:581-584.
24. Faithfull M.J., Majer J.D., Postle A.C. Some notes on the occurrence and seasonality of Austromerope poultoni Killington (Mecoptera) in Western Australia. Australian Entomological Magazine 1985, 12:57-60.
25. Ferris G.F., Rees B.E. The morphology of Panorpa nuptialis Gerstaecker (Mecoptera, Panorpidae). Microentomology 1939, 4:79-108.
26. Fraulob M., Wipfler B., Hünefeld F., Pohl H., Beutel R.G. The larval abdomen of the enigmatic Nannochoristidae (Mecoptera, Insecta). Arthropod Structure & Development 2012, 41:187-198.
27. Friedrich F., Beutel R.G. The thoracic morphology of Nannochorista (Nannochoristidae) and its implications for the phylogeny of Mecoptera and Antliophora. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 2010, 48:50-74.
28. Friedrich F., Pohl H., Hünefeld F., Beckmann F., Herzen J., Beutel R.G. SRμCT-based study of external and internal structures of adults and larvae of Endopterygota (Hexapoda). HASYLAb Annual Report 2008, 2007:1527-1528.
29. Friedrich, F., Baum, E., Beutel, R.G. 1.3.1 Nannochoristidae: adult head. In: Beutel, R.G., Kristensen, N.P. (Eds.), Handbook of Zoology, Nannomecoptera and Neomecoptera. De Gruyter, Berlin, in press.
30. Goloboff P. NONA, Version 1.5 1995, Fundacion e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Tucuman, Argentina.
31. Grell K.G. Der Darmtraktus von Panorpa communis L. und seine Anhänge bei Larve und Imago. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere 1938, 64:1-86.
32. Grimaldi D.A., Engel M.S. Evolution of the Insects 2005, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
33. Grimaldi D.A., Junfeng Z., Fraser N.C., Rasnitsyn A.P. Revision of the bizarre Mesozoic scorpionflies in the Pseudopolycentropodidae (Mecopteroidea). Insect Systematic & Evolution 2005, 36:443-458.
34. Hannemann H.J. Die Kopfmuskulatur von Micropteryx calthella (L.) (Lep.). Morphologie und Funktion. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere 1957, 75:177-206.
35. Hasken W. Der Thorax von Panorpa communis L. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere 1939, 65:295-338.
36. Heddergott H. Kopf und Vorderdarm von Panorpa communis L. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere 1938, 65:229-294.
37. Hennig W. Kritische Bemerkungen zum phylogenetischen System der Insekten. Beiträge zur Entomologie 1953, 3:1-85.
38. Hennig W. Diptera (Zweiflügler). IV. Band: Arthropoda - 2. Hälfte: Insecta, 2. Teil 1973, 1-200. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York. J.G. Helmcke, D. Starck, H. Wermuth (Eds.).
39. Hennig W. Insect Phylogeny 1981, Wiley, New York.
40. Hepburn H.R. The Skeleto-muscular system of Mecoptera: the Head. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 1969, 48:721-765.
41. Hinton H.E. The phylogeny of the panorpoid orders. Annual Review of Entomology 1958, 3:118-206.
42. Hinton H.E. Biology of Insect Eggs I 1981, Pergamon Press, Oxford.
43. Imms A.D. On the constitution of the maxillae and labium in Mecoptera and Diptera. Journal of Cell Science 1944, 85:73-96.
44. Ishiwata K., Sasaki G., Miyata T., Su Z.H. Phylogenetic relationships among insect orders based on three nuclear protein-coding gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 2011, 58:169-180.
45. Issiki S. Morphological studies on the Panorpidae of Japan and adjoining countries and comparison with American and European forms. Japanese Journal of Zoology 1933, 4:315-416.
46. Kéler S.v. Entomologisches Wörterbuch mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der morphologischen Terminologie 3 1963, Aufl. ed. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin.
47. Klemm N. Die Morphologie des Kopfes von Rhyacophila Pict. (Trichoptera). Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere 1966, 83:1-51.
48. Krenn H.W., Aspöck H. Form, function and evolution of the mouthparts of blood-feeding Arthropoda. Arthropod Structure & Development 2012, 41:101-118.
49. Kristensen N.P. The anatomy of the head and the alimentary canal of adult Eriocraniidae (Lep., Dacnonypha). Entomologiske Meddelelser 1968, 35:239-315.
50. Kristensen N.P. Phylogeny of insect orders. Annual Review of Entomology 1981, 26:135-157.
51. Kristensen N.P. Forty years' insect phylogenetic systematics. Zoologische Beiträge 1995, 36:83-124.
52. Kristensen N.P. Phylogeny of endopterygote insects, the most successful lineage of living organisms. European Journal of Entomology 1999, 96:237-253.
53. Kristensen N.P. Skeleton and muscles: adults. Morphology, Physiology, and Development 2003, vol. 2:40-92. de Gryter, Berlin. N.P. Kristensen (Ed.).
54. Maki T. Studies on the thoracic musculature of insects. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science and Agriculture Taihoku Imperial University 1938, 24:1-343.
55. Matsuda R. Morphology and evolution of the insect head. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 1965, 4:1-240.
56. McKenna D.D., Farrell B.D. 9-genes reinforce the phylogeny of Holometabola and yield alternate views on the phylogenetic placement of Strepsiptera. PLOS One 2010, 5:e11887. 10.1371/journal.pone.0011887.
57. Michelsen V. A revised interpretation of the mouthparts in adult fleas (Insecta, Siphonaptera). Zoologischer Anzeiger 1996/97, 235:217-223.
58. Mickoleit G. Zur Kenntnis einer neuen Spezialhomologie (Synapomorphie) der Panorpoidea. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere 1966, 83:483-496.
59. Mickoleit G. Zur phylogenetischen und funktionellen Bedeutung der sogenannten Notalorgane der Mecoptera (Insecta: Mecoptera). Zeitschrift für Morphologie der Tiere 1971, 69:1-8.
60. Mickoleit G. Das Exoskelet von Notiothauma reedi MacLachlan, ein Beitrag zur Morphologie und Phylogenie der Mecoptera (Insecta). Zeitschrift für Morphologie der Tiere 1971, 69:318-362.
61. Neboiss A. 40. Trichoptera (Caddis-flies, caddises). The Insects of Australia 1991, vol. 2:787-816. Melbourne University Press, Carlton, Victoria. second ed. CSIRO (Ed.).
62. Novokshonov V.G. Der älteste Vertreter der Meropeidae (Mecoptera, Insecta). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 1995, 69:149-152.
63. Otanes F.Q. Head and mouth-parts of Mecoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 1922, 15:310-325.
64. Owen W.B. Morphology of the thoracic skeleton and muscles of the mosquito, Culiseta inornata (Williston), (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Morphology 1977, 153:427-460.
65. Penny N.D. Evolution of the extant Mecoptera. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 1975, 48:331-350.
66. Pohl H. A scanning electron microscopy specimen holder for viewing different angles of a single specimen. Microscopy Research and Technique 2010, 73:1073-1076.
67. Rees B.E., Ferris G.F. The morphology of Tipula reesi Alexander (Diptera, Tipulidae). Microentomology 1939, 4:143-178.
68. Ren D., Shih Ch, Labandeira C. New Jurassic pseudopolycentropodids from China (Insecta: Mecoptera). Acta Geologica Sinica 2010, 84:22-30.
69. Riek E.F. Fossil mecopteroid insects from the Upper Permian of New South Wales. Records of the Australian Museum 1953, 23:55-87.
70. Röber H. Morphologie des Kopfes und des Vorderdarmes der Larve und Imago von Sialis flavilatera. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere 1942, 67:61-118.
71. Russell, L.K., 1979. A study of the armoured boreid Caurinus dectes (Mecoptera). Unpublished PhD thesis, Oregon State University.
72. Schiemenz H. Vergleichende funktionell-anatomische Untersuchungen der Kopfmuskulatur von Theobaldia und Eristalis (Dipt. Culicid. und Syrphid.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1957, 4:268-331.
73. Schneeberg K., Beutel R.G. The adult head structures of Tipulomorpha (Diptera, Insecta) and their phylogenetic implications. Acta Zoologica 2011, 92:316-343.
74. Setty L.R. Biology and morphology of some North American Bittacidae (Order Mecoptera). American Midland Naturalist 1940, 23:257-353.
75. Simiczyjew B. Structure of the ovary in Nannochorista neotropica Navás (Insecta: Mecoptera: Nannochoristidae) with remarks on mecopteran phylogeny. Acta Zoologica 2002, 83:61-66.
76. Snodgrass R.E. The skeletal anatomy of fleas (Siphonaptera). Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 1946, 104:1-89.
77. Snodgrass R.E. The anatomical life of the mosquito. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 1959, 139:1-85.
78. Tillyard R.J. The evolution of the scorpion-flies and their derivatives (Order Mecoptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 1935, 28:1-45.
79. Wenk P. Der Kopf von Ctenocephalus canis (Curt.) (Aphaniptera). Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere 1953, 73:103-164.
80. Wenk P. Anatomie des Kopfes von Wilhelmia equina L. (Simuliidae syn. Melusinidae, Diptera). Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere 1962, 80:81-134.
81. Whiting M.F., Carpenter J.C., Wheeler W.C. The Strepsiptera problem: phylogeny of the holometabolous insect orders inferred from 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA sequence and morphology. Systematic Biology 1997, 46:1-68.
82. Whiting M.F. Mecoptera is paraphyletic: multiple genes and phylogeny of Mecoptera and Siphonaptera. Zoologica Scripta 2002, 31:93-104.
83. Wiegmann B.M., Trautwein M.D., Kim J.-W., Cassel B.K., Bertone M.A., Winterton S.L., Yeates D.K. Single-copy nuclear genes resolve the phylogeny of the holometabolous insects. BMC Biology 2009, 7.
84. Willmann R. über das Exoskelett von Austromerope poultoni Killington (Mecoptera: Meropeidae), ein Beitrag zur Phylogenie der Schnabelfliegen. Zeitschrift für zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung 1979, 17:296-309.
85. Willmann R. Phylogenie und Verbreitungsgeschichte der Eomeropidae (Insecta: Mecoptera) Ein Beispiel für die Anwendung der phylogenetischen Systematik in der Paläontologie. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 1981, 55:31-49.
86. Willmann R. The phylogenetic system of Mecoptera. Systematic Entomology 1987, 12:519-524.
87. Willmann R. Evolution und phylogenetisches System der Mecoptera (Insecta: Holometabola). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 1989, 544:1-153.
88. Willmann R. Phylogenese und System der Insecta. Wirbellose Tiere, 5. Teil: Insecta 2005, 1-66. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin. second ed. H.H. Dathe (Ed.).
89. Wipfler B., Machida R., Müller B., Beutel R.G. On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology 2011, 36:241-266.