Export of organic carbon and biominerals derived from 234Th and 210Po at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain

Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

Volumn 72, Issue , 2013, Pages 88-101

  Le Moigne, F A C ^a   Villa Alfageme, M ^b   Sanders, R J ^a   Marsay, C ^a   Henson, S ^a   Garcia Tenorio R ^b  

^a NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY CENTRE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SEVILLE   (Spain)

Author keywords

210Po; 234Th; BSi export flux; PIC export flux; POC export flux; Porcupine Abyssal Plain

Indexed keywords

BIOGENIC SILICA; BIOMINERALS; CARBON EXPORT; EXPORT FLUX; INORGANIC CARBON; ORGANIC PARTICLES; PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON; POC FLUX; PORCUPINE ABYSSAL PLAINS; SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION; SIZE FRACTION; SURFACE OCEAN;

SILICA;

LEAD;

ABYSSAL PLAIN; BIOGENIC DEPOSIT; BIOMINERALIZATION; CARBON FLUX; MINERAL; PARTICULATE INORGANIC MATTER; PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON; POLONIUM ISOTOPE; RADIONUCLIDE; SEDIMENT CHEMISTRY; SEDIMENT TRAP; SILICA; THORIUM ISOTOPE; TRACER;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; PORCUPINE ABYSSAL PLAIN;

EID: 84871358510     PISSN: 09670637     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2012.10.010     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Alonso-Gonzalez I.J., Aristegui J., Lee C., Sanchez-Vidal A., Calafat A., Fabres J., Sangra P., Masque P., Hernandez-Guerra A., Benitez-Barrios V. Role of slowly settling particles in the ocean carbon cycle. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2010, 37.
2. Armstrong R.A., Peterson M.L., Lee C., Wakeham S.G. Settling velocity spectra and the ballast ratio hypothesis. Deep Sea Res. Part II 2009, 56(18):1470-1478.
3. 210 disequilibria in seawater and suspended particulate matter. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1976, 32(2):277-296.
4. Balch W.M., Gordon H.R., Bowler B.C., Drapeau D.T., Booth E.S. Calcium carbonate measurments in the surface global ocean based on moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer data. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110(C7).
5. Banse K. New views on the degradation and disposition of organic particles as collected by sediment traps in the open sea. Deep Sea Res. Part I 1990, 37(7A):1177-1195.
6. Behrenfeld M.J., Falkowski P.G. Photosynthetic rates derived from satellite-based chlorophyll concentration. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1997, 42(1):1-20.
7. Benitez-Nelson C., Buesseler K.O., Karl D.M., Andrews J. A time-series study of particulate matter export in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre based on Th-234: U-238 disequilibrium. Deep Sea Res. Part I 2001, 48(12):2595-2611.
8. Bishop J.K.B., Edmond J.M., Ketten D.R., Bacon M.P., Silker W.B. The chemistry, biology, and vertical flux of particulate matter from the upper 400m of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Deep Sea Res. 1977, 24(6):511-548.
9. Brew H.S., Moran S.B., Lomas M.W., Burd A.B. Plankton community composition, organic carbon and thorium-234 particle size distributions, and particle export in the Sargasso Sea. J. Mar. Res. 2009, 67(6):845-868.
10. Burnett W.C., Schultz M.K., Hull C.D. Radionuclide flow during the conversion of phosphogypsum to ammonium sulfate. J. Environ. Radioact. 1996, 32(1-2):33-51.
11. Buesseler K., Ball L., Andrews J., Benitez-Nelson C., Belastock R., Chai F., Chao Y. Upper ocean export of particulate organic carbon in the Arabian Sea derived from thorium-234. Deep Sea Res. Part II 1998, 45(10-11):2461-2487.
12. 238U disequilibria. Deep Sea Res. Part I 1992, 39(7-8):1115-1137.
13. Buesseler K.O., Benitez-Nelson C.R., Moran S.B., Burd A., Charette M., Cochran J.K., Coppola L., Fisher N.S., Fowler S.W., Gardner W., Guo L.D., Gustafsson O., Lamborg C., Masque P., Miquel J.C., Passow U., Santschi P.H., Savoye N., Stewart G., Trull T. An assessment of particulate organic carbon to thorium-234 ratios in the ocean and their impact on the application of Th-234 as a POC flux proxy. Mar. Chem. 2006, 100(3-4):213-233.
14. Buesseler K.O., Lamborg C., Cai P., Escoube R., Johnson R., Pike S., Masque P., McGillicuddy D., Verdeny E. Particle fluxes associated with mesoscale eddies in the Sargasso Sea. Deep Sea Res. Part II 2008, 55(10-13):1426-1444.
15. Burd A.B., Moran S.B., Jackson G.A. A coupled adsorption-aggregation model of the POC/Th-234 ratio of marine particles. Deep Sea Res. Part I 2000, 47(1):103-120.
16. 232Th in seawater. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1986, 80(3-4):241-251.
17. Cherrier J., Burnett W.C., Larock P.A. Uptake of Polonium and sulfur by bacteria. Geomicrobiol. J. 1995, 13(2):103-115.
18. 238U disequilibria. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1987, 32(1):189-200.
19. Cochran J.K., Buesseler K.O., Bacon M.P., Wang H.W., Hirschberg D.J., Ball L., Andrews J., Crossin G., Fleer A. Short-lived thorium isotopes (Th-234, Th-228) as indicators of POC export and particle cycling in the Ross Sea, Southern Ocean. Deep Sea Res. Part II 2000, 47(15-16):3451-3490.
20. Cochran J.K., Masque P. Short-lived U/Th series radionuclides in the ocean: tracers for scavenging rates, export fluxes and particle dynamics. Uranium Ser. Geochem. 2003, 52:461-492.
21. Cochran J.K., Miquel J.C., Armstrong R., Fowler S.W., Masque P., Gasser B., Hirschberg D., Szlosek J., Baena A., Verdeny E., Stewart G.M. Time-series measurements of Th-234 in water column and sediment trap samples from the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Deep Sea Res. Part II 2009, 56(18):1487-1501.
22. Cutter, G.R., Andersson, P., Codispoti, L., Croot, P., Francois, R., Lohan, M.C., Obata, H., Rutgers van der Loeff, M., 2010. Sampling and Sample-handling for GEOTRACES Cruises. 2010 Geotraces Standards and Intercalibration Committee.
23. De La Rocha C.L., Passow U. Factors influencing the sinking of POC and the efficiency of the biological carbon pump. Deep Sea Res. Part II 2007, 54(5-7):639-658.
24. Ducklow H.W., Harris R.P. Introduction to the JGOFS North-Atlantic bloom experiment. Deep Sea Res. Part II 1993, 40(1-2):1-8.
25. Eppley R.W., Peterson B.J. Particulate organic matter flux and planktonic new production in the deep ocean. Nature 1979, 282(5740):677-680.
26. Falkowski P.G., Barber R.T., Smetacek V. Biogeochemical controls and feedbacks on ocean primary production. Science 1998, 281(5374):200-206.
27. 210Pb in two marine algae. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 1983, 11:233-237.
28. Fowler S.W., Knauer G.A. Role of large particles in the transport of elements and organic compounds through the oceanic water column. Prog. Oceanogr. 1986, 16(3):147-194.
29. 210-Th-234) approach to distinguish organic carbon and biogenic silica export flux in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Deep Sea Res. Part I 2002, 49(1):101-120.
30. Geibert W., Usbeck R. Adsorption of thorium and protactinium onto different particle types: experimental findings. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2004, 68(7):1489-1501.
31. 234Th scavenging and its relationship to acid polysaccharide abundance in the Gulf of Mexico. Mar. Chem. 2002, 78:103-119.
32. Henson S., Sanders R., Madsen E., Morris P., Le Moigne F., Quartly G. A reduced estimate of the strength of the ocean's bioloical carbon pump. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2011, 38(L046006).
33. 210 in Euphausiids: a detailed study. Mar. Biol. 1976, 34:127-138.
34. Hull C.D., Burnett W.C. Radiochemistry of Florida phosphogypsum. J. Environ. Radioact. 1996, 32(3):213-238.
35. Hung C.C., Gong G.C. Biogeochemical responses in the southern east China Sea after typhoons. Oceanography 2011, 24(4):42-51.
36. Hung C.C., Gong G.C. POC/Th-234 ratios in particles collected in sediment traps in the northern south China Sea. Estuar. Coast. Mar. Sci. 2010, 88(3):303-310.
37. Hung C.C., Xu C., Santschi P.H., Zhang S.J., Schwehr K.A., Quigg A., Guo L.D., Gong G.C., Pinckney J.L., Long R.A., Wei C.L. Comparative evaluation of sediment trap and (234)Th-derived POC fluxes from the upper oligotrophic waters of the Gulf of Mexico and the subtropical northwestern Pacific Ocean. Mar. Chem. 2010, 121(1-4):132-144.
38. Jickells T.D., An Z.S., Andersen K.K., Baker A.R., Bergametti G., Brooks N., Cao J.J., Boyd P.W., Duce R.A., Hunter K.A., Kawahata H., Kubilay N., LaRoche J., Liss P.S., Mahowald N., Prospero J.M., Ridgwell A.J., Tegen I., Torres R. Global iron connections between desert dust, ocean biogeochemistry, and climate. Science 2005, 308(5718):67-71.
39. Klaas C., Archer D.E. Association of sinking organic matter with various types of mineral ballast in the deep sea: implications for the rain ratio. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 2002, 16(4).
40. Ku T.L., Knauss K.G., Mathieu G.G. Uranium in open ocean: concentration and isotopic composition. Deep Sea Res. 1977, 24(11):1005-1017.
41. La Rock P., Hyun J.H., Boutelle S., Burnett W.C., Hull C.D. Bacterial mobilization of polonium. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1996, 60:4321-4328.
42. Lampitt R.S., Boorman B., Brown L., Lucas M., Salter I., Sanders R., Saw K., Seeyave S., Thomalla S.J., Turnewitsch R. Particle export from the euphotic zone: estimates using a novel drifting sediment trap, Th-234 and new production. Deep Sea Res. Part I 2008, 55(11):1484-1502.
43. Lepore K., Moran S.B., Burd A.B., Jackson G.A., Smith J.N., Kelly R.P., Kaberi H., Stavrakakis S., Assimakopoulou G. Sediment trap and in-situ pump size-fractionated POC/Th-234 ratios in the Mediterranean Sea and Northwest Atlantic: implications for POC export. Deep Sea Res. Part I 2009, 56(4):599-613.
44. Longhurst A.R. Large marine ecosystems-patterns, processes and yields. Mar. Policy 1991, 15(5):377-378.
45. Maiti, K., Buesseler, K., Benitez-Nelson, C.R., Cochran, J.K., Dai, M., Dehairs, F., Masque, P., Miller, L.A., Moran, S.B., Morris, P.J., Miquel, J.C., Peine, F., Planchon, F., Rutgers van der Loeff, M., Santschi, P.H., Turnewitsch, R., Waples, J.T., 2010. Total and Particulate Thorium-234 Results from GEOTRACES Intercalibration Cruises. 2010, Ocean Sciences Meeting, Portland, USA.
46. Marsay, C., 2012. Particulate Trace Metals, Carbon and Nitrogen in the Mesopelagic. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Southampton.
47. Masque P., Sanchez-Cabeza J.A., Bruach J.M., Palacios E., Canals M. Balance and residence times of (210)Pb and (210)Po in surface waters of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Cont. Shelf Res. 2002, 22(15):2127-2146.
48. 210Po in environmental materials: a review of analytical methodology. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 65 2007, 3:267-279.
49. Nozaki Y., Tsunogai S. Simultaneous determination of lead-210 and Polonium-210 in Sea-Water. Anal. Chim. Acta 1973, 64(2):209-216.
50. Painter S.C., Lucas M.I., Stinchcombe M.C., Bibby T.S., Poulton A.J. Summertime trends in pelagic biogeochemistry at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain study site in the northeast Atlantic. Deep Sea Res. Part II 2010, 57(15):1313-1323.
51. Painter S.C., Pidcock R.E., Allen J.T. A mesoscale eddy driving spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the productivity of the euphotic zone of the northeast Atlantic. Deep Sea Res. Part II 2010, 57(15):1281-1292.
52. Poulton A.J., Sanders R., Holligan P.M., Stinchcombe M.C., Adey T.R., Brown L., Chamberlain K. Phytoplankton mineralization in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 2006, 20:4.
53. Quigley M.S., Santschi P.H., Guo L.D., Honeyman B.D. Sorption irreversibility and coagulation behavior of Th-234 with marine organic matter. Mar. Chem. 2001, 76(1-2):27-45.
54. Quigley M.S., Santschi P.H., Hung C.C., Guo L.D., Honeyman B.D. Importance of acid polysaccharides for Th-234 complexation to marine organic matter. Limnol. Oceanogr. 2002, 47(2):367-377.
55. Riley J., Sanders R., Marsay C., Le Moigne F., Achterberg E., Poulton A. The relative contribution of fast and slow sinking particles to ocean carbon export. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 2012, 26.
56. Roberts K.A., Xu C., Hung C.C., Conte M.H., Santschi P.H. Scavenging and fractionation of thorium vs. protactinium in the ocean, as determined from particle-water partitioning experiments with sediment trap material from the Gulf of Mexico and Sargasso Sea. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2009, 286(1-2):131-138.
57. Rutgers Van Der Loeff M.M., Bathmann U.V., Buesseler K.O. Export production measured with the natural tracer Th-234 and sediment traps. Berichte Polarforschung 1997, 0(221):113-115.
58. Salter I., Lampitt R.S., Sanders R., Poulton A., Kemp A.E.S., Boorman B., Saw K., Pearce R. Estimating carbon, silica and diatom export from a naturally fertilised phytoplankton bloom in the Southern Ocean using PELAGRA: a novel drifting sediment trap. Deep Sea Res. Part II 2007, 54(18-20):2233-2259.
59. Sanders R., Morris P.J., Poulton A.J., Stinchcombe M.C., Charalampopoulou A., Lucas M.I., Thomalla S.J. Does a ballast effect occur in the surface ocean?. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2010, 37.
60. 2. Nature 1984, 308(5960):621-624.
61. Savoye N., Benitez-Nelson C., Burd A.B., Cochran J.K., Charette M., Buesseler K.O., Jackson G.A., Roy-Barman M., Schmidt S., Elskens M. Th-234 sorption and export models in the water column: a review. Mar. Chem. 2006, 100(3-4):234-249.
62. Stewart G., Cochran J.K., Miquel J.C., Masque P., Szlosek J., Baena A.M.R.Y., Fowler S.W., Gasser B., Hirschberg D.J. Comparing POC export from Th-234/U-238 and Po-210/Pb-210 disequilibria with estimates from sediment traps in the northwest Mediterranean. Deep Sea Res. Part I 2007, 54(9):1549-1570.
63. Stewart G., Cochran J.K., Xue J.H., Lee C., Wakeham S.G., Armstrong R.A., Masque P., Miquel J.C. Exploring the connection between Po-210 and organic matter in the northwestern Mediterranean. Deep Sea Res. Part I 2007, 54(3):415-427.
64. Stewart G., Moran S.B., Lomas M.W., Kelly R.P. Direct comparison of (210)Po, (234)Th and POC particle-size distributions and export fluxes at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site. J. Environ. Radioact. 2011, 102(5):479-489.
65. Stewart G.M., Fisher N.S. Bioaccumulation of polonium-210 in marine copepods. Limnol. Oceanogr. 2003, 48(5):2011-2019.
66. Stewart G.M., Fisher N.S. Experimental studies on the accumulation of polonium-210 by marine phytoplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. 2003, 48(3):1193-1201.
67. Stewart G.M., Moran S.B., Lomas M.W. Seasonal POC fluxes at BATS estimated from (210)Po deficits. Deep Sea Res. Part I 2010, 57(1):113-124.
68. Thomalla S., Turnewitsch R., Lucas M., Poulton A. Particulate organic carbon export from the North and South Atlantic gyres: the Th-234/U-238 disequilibrium approach. Deep Sea Res. Part II 2006, 53(14-16):1629-1648.
69. Thomalla S.J., Poulton A.J., Sanders R., Turnewitsch R., Holligan P.M., Lucas M.I. Variable export fluxes and efficiencies for calcite, opal, and organic carbon in the Atlantic Ocean: a ballast effect in action?. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 2008, 22(1).
70. Tsunogai S., Minagawa M. Th-234, Pb-210 and Po-210 in surface and deep waters of Pacific as tracers of particulate materials. Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 1976, 57(4):255. -255.
71. Van der Loeff M.R., Sarin M.M., Baskaran M., Benitez-Nelson C., Buesseler K.O., Charette M., Dai M., Gustafsson O., Masque P., Morris P.J., Orlandini K., Baena A.R.Y., Savoye N., Schmidt S., Turnewitsch R., Voge I., Waples J.T. A review of present techniques and methodological advances in analyzing Th-234 in aquatic systems. Mar. Chem. 2006, 100(3-4):190-212.
72. Verdeny E., Masque P., Garcia-Orellana J., Hanfland C., Cochran J.K., Stewart G.M. POC export from ocean surface waters by means of Th-234/U-238 and Po-210/Pb-210 disequilibria: a review of the use of two radiotracer pairs. Deep Sea Res. Part II 2009, 56(18):1502-1518.
73. Verdeny E., Masque P., Maiti K., Garcia-Orellana J., Brauch J.M., Mahaffey C., Benitez-Nelson C.R. Particle export within cyclonic Hawaiian lee eddies derived from Pb-210-Po-210 disequilibrium. Deep Sea Res. Part II 2008, 55(10-13):1461-1472.
74. Villa-Alfageme, M., de Soto, F., Salvador, M., Le Moigne, F., Giering, S., Sanders, R., Garcia-Tenorio, R. Observations and Modeling the Slow Sinking Particles in the Twilight Zone. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, under review.
75. Villa M., Mosqueda F., Hurtado S., Mantero J., Manjon G., Perianez R., Vaca F., Garcia-Tenorio R. Contamination and restoration of an estuary affected by phosphogypsum releases. Sci. Total Environ. 2009, 408(1):69-77.
76. Waples J.T., Benitez-Nelson C., Savoye N., Van der Loeff M.R., Baskaran M., Gustafsson O. An introduction to the application and future use of Th-234 in aquatic systems. Mar. Chem. 2006, 100(3-4):166-189.
77. Xu C., Santschi P.H., Hung C.C., Zhang S.J., Schwehr K.A., Roberts K.A., Guo L.D., Gong G.C., Quigg A., Long R.A., Pinckney J.L., Duan S.W., Amon R., Wei C.L. Controls of (234)Th removal from the oligotrophic ocean by polyuronic acids and modification by microbial activity. Mar. Chem. 2011, 123(1-4):111-126.