ABA signal transduction from ABA receptors to ion channels

Genes and Genomics

Volumn 34, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 345-353

  Lim, Chae Woo ^a   Baek, Woonhee ^a   Lim, Sohee ^a   Lee, Sung Chul ^a  

^a Chung Ang University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

2C type protein phosphatase; ABA receptor; Abiotic stress; Ion channel; SnRK2 type kinase

Indexed keywords

ABSCISIC ACID; ABSCISIC ACID RECEPTOR; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; ION CHANNEL; PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2; PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2C; PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE; RECEPTOR; SNRK2 KINASE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ABIOTIC STRESS; ARABIDOPSIS; BIOCHEMISTRY; BIOTIC STRESS; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; GENETICS; PROTEIN DEPHOSPHORYLATION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN INTERACTION; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 84871309439     PISSN: 19769571     EISSN: 20929293     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s13258-012-0081-1     Document Type: Review

References (120)

1. Ache P, Becker D, Ivashikina N, Dietrich P, Roelfsema MR and Hedrich R (2000) GORK, a delayed outward rectifier expressed in guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana, is a K+-selective, K+-sensing ion channel. FEBS Lett. 486: 93-98.
2. Adie BA, Perez-Perez J, Perez-Perez MM, Godoy M, Sanchez-Serrano JJ, Schmelz EA and Solano R (2007) ABA is an essential signal for plant resistance to pathogens affecting JA biosynthesis and the activation of defenses in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 19: 1665-1681.
3. Anderson JP, Badruzsaufari E, SchenkPM, Manners JM, Desmond OJ, Ehlert C, Maclean DJ, Ebert PR and Kazan K (2004) Antagonistic interaction between abscisic acid and jasmonate-ethylene signaling pathways modulates defense gene expression and disease resistance in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 16: 3460-3479.
4. Apse MP andBlumwald E (2002) Engineering salt tolerance in plants. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 13: 146-150.
5. Assmann SM (2003) OPEN STOMATA1 opens the door to ABA signaling in Arabidopsis guard cells. Trends Plant Sci. 8: 151-153.
6. Assmann SM (2005) G proteins Go green: a plant G protein signaling FAQ sheet. Science 310: 71-73.
7. Becker D, Hoth S, Ache P, Wenkel S, Roelfsema MR, Meyerhoff O, Hartung W and Hedrich R (2003) Regulation of the ABA-sensitive Arabidopsis potassium channel gene GORK in response to water stress. FEBS Lett. 554: 119-126.
8. Blatt MR and Thiel G (1994) K+ channels of stomatal guard cells: bimodal control of the K+ inward-rectifier evoked by auxin. Plant J. 5: 55-68.
9. Bright J, Desikan R, Hancock JT, Weir IS and Neill SJ (2006) ABA-induced NO generation and stomatal closure in Arabidopsis are dependent on H2O2 synthesis. Plant J. 45: 113-122.
10. Chen JG and Jones AM (2004) AtRGS1 function in Arabidopsis thaliana. Methods Enzymol. 389: 338-350.
11. Chen JG, Willard FS, Huang J, Liang J, Chasse SA, Jones AM and Siderovski DP (2003) A seven-Transmembrane RGS protein that modulates plant cell proliferation. Science 301: 1728-1731.
12. Christmann A and Grill E (2009) Are GTGs ABA's biggest fans? Cell 136: 21-23.
13. Cohen PT (1997) Novel protein serine/threonine phosphatases: variety is the spice of life. Trends Biochem. Sci. 22: 245-251.
14. Colucci G, Apone F, Alyeshmerni N, Chalmers D and Chrispeels MJ (2002) GCR1, the putative Arabidopsis G protein-coupled receptor gene is cell cycle-regulated, and its overexpression abolishes seed dormancy and shortens time to flowering. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99: 4736-4741.
15. Cutler SR, Rodriguez PL, Finkelstein RR and Abrams SR (2010) Abscisic acid: emergence of a core signaling network. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 61: 651-679.
16. Das AK, Helps NR, Cohen PT and Barford D (1996) Crystal structure of the protein serine/threonine phosphatase 2C at 2.0 A resolution. EMBO J. 15: 6798-6809.
17. Desikan R, Griffiths R, Hancock J and Neill S (2002) A new role for an old enzyme: nitrate reductase-mediated nitric oxide generation is required for abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99: 16314-16318.
18. Finkelstein R, Gampala SS, Lynch TJ, Thomas TL and RockCD (2005) Redundant and distinct functions of the ABA response loci ABA-INSENSITIVE(ABI)5 and ABRE-BINDING FACTOR (ABF)3. Plant Mol. Biol. 59: 253-267.
19. Finkelstein RR, Gampala SS and Rock CD (2002) Abscisic acid signaling in seeds and seedlings. Plant Cell 14 Suppl:S15-45.
20. Fujii H, Chinnusamy V, Rodrigues A, Rubio S, Antoni R, Park SY, Cutler SR, Sheen J, Rodriguez PL and Zhu JK (2009) In vitro reconstitution of an abscisic acid signalling pathway. Nature 462: 660-664.
21. Fujii H, Verslues PE and Zhu JK (2007) Identification of two protein kinases required for abscisic acid regulation of seed germination, root growth, and gene expression in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 19: 485-494.
22. Fujii H and Zhu JK (2009) Arabidopsis mutant deficient in 3 abscisic acid-Activated protein kinases reveals critical roles in growth, reproduction, and stress. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106: 8380-8385.
23. Fujita Y, Nakashima K, Yoshida T, Katagiri T, Kidokoro S, Kanamori N, Umezawa T, Fujita M, Maruyama K, Ishiyama K, et al. (2009) Three SnRK2 protein kinases are the main positive regulators of abscisic acid signaling in response to water stress in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Physiol. 50: 2123-2132.
24. Furihata T, Maruyama K, Fujita Y, Umezawa T, Yoshida R, Shinozaki K and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (2006) Abscisic acid-dependent multisite phosphorylation regulates the activity of a transcription activator AREB1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 1988-1993.
25. Gao Y, Zeng Q, Guo J, Cheng J, Ellis BE and Chen JG (2007) Genetic characterization reveals no role for the reported ABA receptor, GCR2, in ABA control of seed germination and early seedling development in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 52: 1001-1013.
26. Garcia-Mata C, Gay R, Sokolovski S, Hills A, Lamattina L and Blatt MR (2003) Nitric oxide regulates K+ and Cl-channels in guard cells through a subset of abscisic acid-evoked signaling pathways. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 11116-11121.
27. Geiger D, Scherzer S, Mumm P, Marten I, Ache P, Matschi S, Liese A, Wellmann C, Al-Rasheid KA, Grill E, Romeis T, et al. (2010) Guard cell anion channel SLAC1 is regulated by CDPK protein kinases with distinct Ca2 + affinities. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107: 8023-8028.
28. Geiger D, Scherzer S, Mumm P, Stange A, Marten I, Bauer H, Ache P, Matschi S, Liese A, Al-Rasheid KA, et al. (2009) Activity of guard cell anion channel SLAC1 is controlled by drought-stress signaling kinase-hosphatase pair. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106: 21425-21430.
29. Gosti F, Beaudoin N, Serizet C, Webb AA, Vartanian N and Giraudat J (1999) ABI1 protein phosphatase 2C is a negative regulator of abscisic acid signaling. Plant Cell 11: 1897-1910.
30. Guo J, Zeng Q, Emami, M, Ellis BE and Chen JG (2008) The GCR2 gene family is not required for ABA control of seed germination and early seedling development in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 3: e2982.
31. Guo Y, Xiong L, Song CP, Gong D, Halfter U and Zhu JK (2002) A calcium sensor and its interacting protein kinase are global regulators of abscisic acid signaling in Arabidopsis. Dev. Cell 3: 233-244.
32. Halford NG and Hey SJ (2009) Snf1-related protein kinases (SnRKs) act within an intricate network that links metabolic and stress signalling in plants. Biochem. J. 419: 247-259.
33. Hasegawa PM, Bressan RA, Zhu JK and Bohnert HJ (2000) Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 51: 463-499.
34. Himmelbach A, Hoffmann T, Leube M, Hohener B and Grill E (2002) Homeodomain protein ATHB6 is a target of the protein phosphatase ABI1 and regulates hormone responses in Arabidopsis. EMBO J. 21: 3029-3038.
35. Hosy E, Vavasseur A, Mouline K, Dreyer I, Gaymard F, Poree F, Boucherez J, Lebaudy A, Bouchez D, Very AA, et al. (2003) The Arabidopsis outward K+ channel GORK is involved in regulation of stomatal movements and plant transpiration. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 5549-5554.
36. Hrabak EM, Chan CW, Gribskov M, Harper JF, Choi JH, Halford N, Kudla J, Luan S, Nimmo HG, Sussman MR, et al. (2003) The Arabidopsis CDPK-SnRK superfamily of protein kinases. Plant Physiol. 132: 666-680.
37. Hubbard KE, Nishimura N, Hitomi K, Getzoff ED and Schroeder JI (2010) Earlyabscisic acid signal transduction mechanisms: newly discovered components and newly emerging questions. Genes Dev. 24: 1695-1708.
38. Iyer LM, Koonin EV and Aravind L (2001) Adaptations of the helix-grip fold for ligand binding and catalysis in the START do main superfamily. Proteins 43: 134-144.
39. Kang JY, Choi HI, Im MY and Kim SY (2002) Arabidopsis basic leucine zipper proteins that mediate stress-responsive abscisic acid signaling. Plant Cell 14: 343-357.
40. Kerk D, Bulgrien J, Smith DW, Barsam B, Veretnik S and Gribskov M. (2002) The complement of protein phosphatase catalytic subunits encoded in the genome of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 129: 908-925.
41. Kitahata N, Nakano T, Kuchitsu K, Yoshida S and Asami T (2005) Biotin-labeled abscisic acid as a probe for investigating abscisic acid binding sites on plasma membranes of barley aleurone protoplasts. Bioorganic Medicinal Chem. 13: 3351-3358.
42. Kobayashi Y, Murata M, Minami H, Yamamoto S, Kagaya Y, Hobo T, Yamamoto A and Hattori T (2005) Abscisic acid-Activated SNRK2 protein kinases function in the gene-regulation pathway of ABA signal transduction by phosphorylating ABA response element-binding factors. Plant J. 44: 939-949.
43. Kobayashi Y, Yamamoto S, Minami H, Kagaya Y and Hattori T (2004) Differential activation of the rice sucrose nonfermenting1-related protein kinase2 family by hyperosmotic stress and abscisic acid. Plant Cell 16: 1163-1177.
44. Kuhn JM, Boisson-Dernier A, Dizon MB, Maktabi MH and Schroeder JI (2006) The protein phosphatase AtPP2CA negatively regulates abscisic acid signal transduction in Arabidopsis, and effects of abh1 on AtPP2CA mRNA. Plant Physiol. 140: 127-139.
45. Kwak JM, Moon JH, Murata Y, Kuchitsu K, Leonhardt N, DeLong A and Schroeder JI (2002) Disruption of a guard cell-expressed protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit, RCN1, confers abscisic acid insensitivity in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 14: 2849-2861.
46. Kwak JM, Mori IC, Pei ZM, Leonhardt N, Torres MA, Dangl JL, Bloom RE, Bodde S, Jones JD and Schroeder JI (2003) NADPH oxidase AtrbohD and AtrbohF genes function in ROS-dependent ABA signaling in Arabidopsis. EMBO J. 22: 2623-2633.
47. Lee SC, Lan W, Buchanan BB and Luan S (2009) A protein kinase-hosphatase pair interacts with an ion channel to regulate ABA signaling in plant guard cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106: 21419-21424.
48. Lemtiri-Chlieh F and MacRobbie EA (1994) Role of calcium in the modulation of Vicia guard cell potassium channels by abscisic acid: a patch-clamp study. J. Membr. Biol. 137: 99-107.
49. Leung J, Orfanidi S, Chefdor F, Mezaros T, Bolte S, Mizoguchi T, Shinozaki K, Giraudat J and Bogre L (2006) Antagonistic interaction between MAP kinase and protein phosphatase 2C in stress recovery. Plant Sci. 171: 596-606.
50. Levchenko V, Konrad KR, Dietrich P, Roelfsema MR and Hedrich R (2005) Cytosolic abscisic acid activates guard cell anion channels without preceding Ca2 + signals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 4203-4208.
51. Liu X, Yue Y, Li B, Nie Y, Li W, Wu WH and Ma L (2007) A G protein-coupled receptor is a plasma membrane receptor for the plant hormone abscisic acid. Science 315: 1712-1716.
52. Lytle BL, Song J, de la Cruz NB, Peterson FC, Johnson KA, Bingman CA, Phillips GN Jr and Volkman BF (2009) Structures of two Arabidopsis thaliana major latex proteins represent novel helix-grip folds. Proteins 76: 237-243.
53. Ma Y, Szostkiewicz I, Korte A, Moes D, Yang Y, Christmann A and Grill E (2009) Regulators of PP2C phosphatase activity function as abscisic acid sensors. Science 324: 1064-1068.
54. McConnell JR, Emery J, Eshed Y, Bao N, Bowman J and Barton MK (2001) Role of PHABULOSA and PHAVOLUTA in determining radial patterning in shoots. Nature 411: 709-713.
55. Melcher K, Ng LM, Zhou XE, Soon FF, Xu Y, Suino-Powell KM, Park SY, Weiner JJ, Fujii H, Chinnusamy V, et al. (2009) A gate-latch-lock mechanism for hormone signalling by abscisic acid receptors. Nature 462: 602-608.
56. Melotto M, Underwood W and He SY (2008) Role of stomata in plant innate immunity and foliar bacterial diseases. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 46: 101-122.
57. Melotto M, Underwood W, Koczan J, Nomura K and He SY (2006) Plant stomata function in innate immunity against bacterial invasion. Cell 126: 969-980.
58. Merlot S, Gosti F, Guerrier D, Vavasseur A and Giraudat J (2001) The ABI1 and ABI2 protein phosphatases 2C act in a negative feedback regulatory loop of the abscisic acid signalling pathway. Plant J. 25: 295-303.
59. Miedema H andAssmann SM (1996) A membrane-delimited effect of internal pH on the K+ outward rectifier of Viciafaba guard cells. J. Membr. Biol. 154: 227-237.
60. Miyazono K, Miyakawa T, Sawano Y, Kubota K, Kang HJ, Asano A, Miyauchi Y, Takahashi M, Zhi Y, Fujita Y, et al. (2009) Structural basis of abscisic acid signalling. Nature 462: 609-614.
61. Murata Y, Pei ZM, Mori IC and Schroeder J (2001) Abscisic acid activation of plasma membrane Ca2 + channels in guard cells requires cytosolic NAD(P)H and is differentially disrupted upstream and downstream of reactive oxygen species production in abi1-1 and abi2-1 protein phosphatase 2C mutants. Plant Cell 13: 2513-2523.
62. Mustilli AC, Merlot S, Vavasseur A, Fenzi F andGiraudat J (2002) Arabidopsis OST1 protein kinase mediates the regulation of stomatal aperture by abscisic acid and acts upstream of reactive oxygen species production. Plant Cell 14: 3089-3099.
63. Nakashima K, Fujita Y, Kanamori N, Katagiri T, Umezawa T, Kidokoro S, Maruyama K, Yoshida T, Ishiyama K, Kobayashi M, et al. (2009) Three Arabidopsis SnRK2 protein kinases, SRK2D/SnRK2.2, SRK2E/SnRK2.6/OST1 and SRK2I/SnRK2.3, involved in ABA signaling are essential for the control of seed development and dormancy. Plant Cell Physiol. 50: 1345-1363.
64. Negi J, Matsuda O, Nagasawa T, Oba Y, Takahashi H, Kawai-Yamada M, Uchimiya H, Hashimoto M and Iba K (2008) CO2 regulator SLAC1 and its homologues are essential for anion homeostasis in plant cells. Nature 452: 483-486.
65. Neill S, Barros R, Bright J, Desikan R, Hancock J, Harrison J, Morris P, Ribeiro D and Wilson I (2008) Nitric oxide, stomatal closure, and abiotic stress. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 165-176.
66. Neill SJ, Desikan R, Clarke A and Hancock JT (2002) Nitric oxide is a novel component of abscisic acid signaling in stomatal guard cells. Plant Physiol. 128: 13-16.
67. Nishimura N, Hitomi K, Arvai AS, Rambo RP, Hitomi C, Cutler SR, Schroeder JI and Getzoff ED (2009) Structural mechanism of abscisic acid binding and signaling by dimeric PYR1. Science 326: 1373-1379.
68. Nishimura N, Sarkeshik A, Nito K, Park SY, Wang A, Carvalho PC, Lee S, Caddell D F., Cutler SR, Chory J, et al. (2010) PYR/PYL/RCAR family members are major in-vivo ABI1 protein phosphatase 2C-interacting proteins in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 61: 290-299.
69. Nishimura N, Yoshida T, Kitahata N, Asami T, Shinozaki K and Hirayama T (2007) ABA-Hypersensitive Germination1 encodes a protein phosphatase 2C, an essential component of abscisic acid signaling in Arabidopsis seed. Plant J.50: 935-949.
70. Nishimura N, Yoshida T, Murayama M, Asami T, Shinozaki K and Hirayama T (2004) Isolation and characterization of novel mutants affecting the abscisic acid sensitivity of Arabidopsis germination and seedling growth. Plant Cell Physiol. 45: 1485-1499.
71. Offermanns S (2003) G-roteins as transducers in transmembranesignalling. Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 83: 101-130.
72. Ohta M, Guo Y, Halfter U and Zhu JK (2003) A novel domain in the protein kinase SOS2 mediates interaction with the protein phosphatase 2C ABI2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA100: 11771-11776.
73. Pandey S andAssmann SM (2004) The Arabidopsis putative G protein-coupled receptor GCR1 interacts with the G protein alpha subunit GPA1 and regulates abscisic acid signaling. Plant Cell 16: 1616-1632.
74. Pandey S, Nelson DC andAssmann SM (2009) Two novel GPCR-Type G proteins are abscisic acid receptors in Arabidopsis. Cell 136: 136-148.
75. Park SY, Fung P, Nishimura N, Jensen DR, Fujii H, Zhao Y, Lumba S, Santiago J, Rodrigues A, Chow TF, et al. (2009) Abscisic acid inhibits type 2C protein phosphatases via the PYR/PYL family of START proteins. Science 324: 1068-1071.
76. Pedron J, Brault M, Nake C andMiginiac E (1998) Detection of abscisic-Acid-binding proteins in the microsomal protein fraction of Arabidopsis thaliana with abscisic-Acid-rotein conjugates used as affinity probes. Eur. J. Biochem. 252: 385-390.
77. Pei ZM, Kuchitsu K, Ward JM, Schwarz M and Schroeder JI (1997) Differential abscisic acid regulation of guard cell slow anion channels in Arabidopsis wild-Type and abi1 and abi2 mutants. Plant Cell 9: 409-423.
78. Pei ZM, Murata Y, Benning G, Thomine S, Klusener B, Allen GJ, Grill E and Schroeder JI (2000) Calcium channels activated by hydrogen peroxide mediate abscisic acid signalling in guard cells. Nature 406: 731-734.
79. Pierce KL, Premont RT andLefkowitz RJ (2002) Seven-Transmembrane receptors. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 3: 639-650.
80. Plakidou-Dymock S, Dymock D and Hooley R (1998) A higher plant seven-Transmembrane receptor that influences sensitivity to cytokinins. Curr. Biol. 8: 315-324.
81. Popko J, Hansch R, Mendel RR, Polle A andTeichmann T (2010) The role of abscisic acid and auxin in the response of poplar to abiotic stress. Plant Biol. 12: 242-258.
82. Ramanjulu S and Bartels D (2002) Drought-And desiccation-induced modulation of gene expression in plants. Plant Cell Environ. 25: 141-151.
83. Risk JM, Day CL andMacknight RC (2009) Reevaluation of abscisic acid-binding assays shows that G-Protein-Coupled Receptor2 does not bind abscisic Acid. Plant Physiol. 150: 6-11.
84. Robert-Seilaniantz A, Navarro L, Bari R and Jones JD (2007) Pathological hormone imbalances. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 10: 372-379.
85. Robert N, Merlot S, N'Guyen V, Boisson-Dernier A and Schroeder JI (2006) A hypermorphic mutation in the protein phosphatase 2C HAB1 strongly affects ABA signaling in Arabidopsis. FEBS Lett. 580: 4691-4696.
86. Rubio S, Rodrigues A, Saez A, Dizon MB, Galle A, Kim TH, Santiago J, Flexas J, Schroeder JI and Rodriguez PL (2009) Triple loss of function of protein phosphatases type 2C leads to partial constitutive response to endogenous abscisic acid. Plant Physiol. 150: 1345-1355.
87. Saez A, Apostolova N, Gonzalez-Guzman M, Gonzalez-Garcia MP, Nicolas C, Lorenzo O and Rodriguez PL (2004) Gain-of-function and loss-of-function phenotypes of the protein phosphatase 2C HAB1 reveal its role as a negative regulator of abscisic acid signalling. Plant J. 37: 354-369.
88. Saez A, Robert N, Maktabi MH, Schroeder JI, Serrano R and Rodriguez PL (2006) Enhancement of abscisic acid sensitivity and reduction of water consumption in Arabidopsis by combined inactivation of the protein phosphatases type 2C ABI1 and HAB1. Plant Physiol. 141: 1389-1399.
89. Saez A, Rodrigues A, Santiago J, Rubio S and Rodriguez PL (2008) HAB1-SWI3B interaction reveals a link between abscisic acid signaling and putative SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complexes in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 20: 2972-2988.
90. Santiago J, Dupeux F, Round A, Antoni R, Park SY, Jamin M, Cutler SR, Rodriguez PL and Marquez JA (2009a) The abscisic acid receptor PYR1 in complex with abscisic acid. Nature 462: 665-668.
91. Santiago J, Rodrigues A, Saez A, Rubio S, Antoni R, Dupeux F, Park SY, Marquez JA, Cutler SR and Rodriguez PL (2009b) Modulation of drought resistance by the abscisic acid receptor PYL5 through inhibition of clade A PP2Cs. Plant J. 60: 575-588.
92. Schrick K, Nguyen D, Karlowski WM and Mayer KF (2004) START lipid/sterol-binding domains are amplified in plants and are predominantly associated with homeodomain transcription factors. Genome Biol. 5: R41.
93. Schroeder JI and Hagiwara S (1989) Cytosolic calcium regulates ion channels in the plasma membrane of Viciafaba guard cells. Nature 338: 427-430.
94. Schroeder JI and Keller BU (1992) Two types of anion channel currents in guard cells with distinct voltage regulation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 5025-5029.
95. Schroeder JI, Kwak JM and Allen GJ (2001) Guard cell abscisic acid signalling and engineering drought hardiness in plants. Nature 410: 327-330.
96. Schroeder JI, Raschke K andNeher E (1987) Voltage dependence of K channels in guard-cell protoplasts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84: 4108-4112.
97. Schweighofer A, Hirt H andMeskiene I (2004) Plant PP2C phosphatases: emerging functions in stress signaling. Trends Plant Sci. 9: 236-243.
98. Sheen J (1998) Mutational analysis of protein phosphatase 2C involved in abscisic acid signal transduction in higher plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 975-980.
99. Shen YY, Wang XF, Wu FQ, Du SY, Cao Z, Shang Y, Wang XL, Peng CC, Yu XC, Zhu SY, et al. (2006) The Mg-chelatase H subunit is an abscisic acid receptor. Nature 443: 823-826.
100. Shinozaki K and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (2000) Molecular responses to dehydration and low temperature: differences and cross-Talk between two stress signaling pathways. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 3: 217-223.
101. Sirichandra C, Davanture M, Turk BE, Zivy M, Valot B, Leung J and Merlot S (2010) The Arabidopsis ABA-Activated kinase OST1 phosphorylates the bZIP transcription factor ABF3 and creates a 14-3-3 binding site involved in its turnover. PLoS One 5: e13935.
102. Szostkiewicz I, Richter K, Kepka M, Demmel S, Ma Y, Korte A, Assaad FF, Christmann A and Grill E (2010) Closely related receptor complexes differ in their ABA selectivity and sensitivity. Plant J. 61: 25-35.
103. Ton J, Flors V andMauch-Mani B (2009) The multifaceted role of ABA in disease resistance. Trends Plant Sci. 14: 310-317.
104. Ton J andMauch-Mani B (2004) Beta-Amino-butyric acid-induced resistance against necrotrophic pathogens is based on ABA-dependent priming for callose. Plant J. 38: 119-130.
105. Umezawa T, Sugiyama N, Mizoguchi M, Hayashi S, Myouga F, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Ishihama Y, Hirayama T and Shinozaki K (2009) Type 2C protein phosphatases directly regulate abscisic acid-Activated protein kinases in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106: 17588-17593.
106. Vahisalu T, Kollist H, Wang YF, Nishimura N, Chan WY, Valerio G, Lamminmaki A, Brosche M, Moldau H, Desikan R, et al. SLAC1 is required for plant guard cell S-Type anion channel function in stomatalsignalling. Nature 452: 487-491.
107. Vlad F, Rubio S, Rodrigues A, Sirichandra C, Belin C, Robert N, Leung J, Rodriguez PL, Lauriere C and Merlot S (2009) Protein phosphatases 2C regulate the activation of the Snf1-related kinase OST1 by abscisic acid in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 21: 3170-3184.
108. Ward JM, Pei ZM and Schroeder JI (1995) Roles of ion channels in initiation of signal transduction in higher plants. Plant Cell 7: 833-844.
109. Wasilewska A, Vlad F, Sirichandra C, Redko Y, Jammes F, Valon C, Frey NF and Leung J (2008) An update on abscisic acid signaling in plants and more. Mol. Plant. 1: 198-217.
110. Wilkinson S and Davies WJ (2002) ABA-based chemical signalling: the co-ordination of responses to stress in plants. Plant Cell Environ. 25: 195-210.
111. Wilkinson S and Davies WJ (2010) Drought, ozone, ABA and ethylene: new insights from cell to plant to community. Plant Cell Environ. 33: 510-525.
112. Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K and Shinozaki K (2006) Transcriptional regulatory networks in cellular responses and tolerance to dehydration and cold stresses. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 57: 781-803.
113. Yin P, Fan H, Hao Q, Yuan X, Wu D, Pang Y, Yan C, Li W, Wang J and Yan N (2009) Structural insights into the mechanism of abscisic acid signaling by PYL proteins. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 16: 1230-1236.
114. Yoshida R, Hobo T, Ichimura K, Mizoguchi T, Takahashi F, Aronso J, Ecker JR and Shinozaki K (2002) ABA-Activated SnRK2 protein kinase is required for dehydration stress signaling in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Physiol. 43: 1473-1483.
115. Yoshida R, Umezawa T, Mizoguchi T, Takahashi S, Takahashi F and Shinozaki K (2006a) The regulatory domain of SRK-2E/OST1/SnRK2.6 interacts with ABI1 and integrates abscisic acid (ABA) and osmotic stress signals controlling stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 5310-5318.
116. Yoshida T, Nishimura N, Kitahata N, Kuromori T, Ito T, Asami T, Shinozaki K and Hirayama T (2006b) ABA-hypersensitive germination3 encodes a protein phosphatase 2C (AtPP2CA) that strongly regulates abscisic acid signaling during germination among Arabidopsis protein phosphatase 2Cs. Plant Physiol. 140: 115-126.
117. Zhang DP, Chen SW, Peng YB and Shen YY (2001a) Abscisic acid-specific binding sites in the flesh of developing apple fruit. J. Exp. Bot. 52: 2097-2103.
118. Zhang X, Zhang L, Dong F, Gao J, Galbraith DW and Song CP (2001b) Hydrogen peroxide is involved in abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure in Viciafaba. Plant Physiol. 126: 1438-1448.
119. Zheng Z, Xu X, Crosley RA, Greenwalt SA, Sun Y, Blakeslee B, Wang L, Ni W, Sopko MS, Yao C, et al. (2010) The protein kinase SnRK2.6 mediates the regulation of sucrose metabolism and plant growth in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 153: 99-113.
120. Zhu JK (2002) Salt and drought stress signal transduction in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 53: 247-273.