Renal complications of diabetes

British Medical Bulletin

Volumn 104, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 113-127

  Min, T Z ^a   Stephens, M W ^a   Kumar, P ^a   Chudleigh, R A ^a  

^a SINGLETON HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

CKD; diabetes; nephropathy

Indexed keywords

ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCT; ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCT RECEPTOR; AMLODIPINE; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CANDESARTAN; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; EXENDIN 4; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; INSULIN; IRBESARTAN; LINAGLIPTIN; LIRAGLUTIDE; LOSARTAN; ORAL ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; PERINDOPRIL; PIOGLITAZONE; PLACEBO; POLYOL; PROTEIN KINASE C; RENIN INHIBITOR; SAXAGLIPTIN; SITAGLIPTIN; SULFONYLUREA; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA1; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALSARTAN; VILDAGLIPTIN;

ALBUMINURIA; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE ACTIVITY; BLADDER CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; DIETARY INTAKE; DRUG DOSE TITRATION; DYSLIPIDEMIA; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; FLUID RETENTION; FRACTURE; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; HEART FAILURE; HEREDITY; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPERKALEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPOGLYCEMIA; HYPOTENSION; INSULIN TREATMENT; KIDNEY BLOOD FLOW; KIDNEY FAILURE; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; MEDLINE; METABOLIC REGULATION; MICROALBUMINURIA; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOGENESIS; PRIMARY PREVENTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEINURIA; REVIEW; RISK REDUCTION; SECONDARY PREVENTION; SIDE EFFECT; SMOKING CESSATION; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; DIABETES COMPLICATIONS; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHIES; EARLY INTERVENTION (EDUCATION); HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC;

EID: 84871255404     PISSN: 00071420     EISSN: 14718391     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/bmb/lds030     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. UK Renal Registry, 14th Annual Report: December 2011. www.renalreg.com/reports/2011 (2 September 2011, last accessed date).
2. Mogensen CE, Christensen CK, Vittinghus E. The stages in diabetic renal disease. With emphasis on the stage of incipient diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 1983;32(Suppl. 2):64-78.
3. NKF kidney disease outcome quality initiative clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis 2002;39(Suppl. 1):S1-266.
4. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Chronic kidney disease. Early Identification and management of chronic kidney disease in adults in primary and secondary care. NICE CG 73. www.nice.org.uk (2 June 2012, last accessed date).
5. Lysaught MJ. Maintenance dialysis population dynamics: current trends and longterm implications. J Am soc Nephrol 2002;13:37-40.
6. Middleton RJ, Foley RN, Hegarty J et al. The unrecognized prevalence of chronic kidney disease in diabetes. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006;21:88-92.
7. Mazzucco G, Bertani T, Fortunato M et al. Different patterns of renal damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multicentric study on 393 biopsies. Am J Kidney Dis 2002;39:713-20.
8. Gall MA, Hougaard P, Johnsen KB et al. Risk factors for development of incipient and overt diabetic nephropathy in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: prospective, observational study. BMJ 1997;314:783-8.
9. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group: intensive blood glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 1998;352:837-53.
10. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group: the effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulindependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993;329:977-86.
11. Microalbuminuria Collaborative Study Group United Kingdom. Intensive thepapy and progression to clinical albuminuria in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria. BMJ 1995;311:973-7.
12. Feldt-Rasmussen B, Mathiesen ER, Deckert T. Effect of two years of strict metabolic control on progression of incipient nephropathy in insulin dependent diabetes. Lancet 1986;2: 1300-304.
13. Remuzzi G, Bertani T. Pathophysiology of progressive nephropathies. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1448-56.
14. Peterson JC, Adler S, Burkartt JM et al. Blood pressure control, proteinuria, and the progression of renal disease. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:754-62.
15. Quinn M, Angelico MC, Warram JH et al. Familial factors determine the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with IDDM. Diabetologia 1996;39:940-5.
16. Parving HH, Jacobsen P, Taarnow L et al. Effect of deletion polymorphism on angiotensin converting enzyme gene on progression of diabetic nephropathyduring inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme: observational follow up study. BMJ 1996;347:94-5.
17. Penno G, Chaturvedi N, Talmud PJ et al. Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism on progression of renal disease and the influence of ACE inhibition in IDDM patients. Diabetes 1998;47:1507-11.
18. Vora JP, Dolben J, Deane JD et al. Renal haemodynamics in newly presenting non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Kidney Int 1992;41:829-35.
19. Yip JW, Jones SL, Wiseman MJ et al. Glomerular hyperfiltration in the prediction of nephropathy in IDDM, a 10-year follow-up study. Diabetes 1996;45:1729-33.
20. Lervang HH, Jansen S, Brochner-Mortensen J et al. Early glomerular hyperfiltration and the development of late nephropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1988;31:723-9.
21. Brownlee M. Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature 2001;414:813-20.
22. Lee AY, Chung SS. Contributions of polyol pathway to oxidative stress in diabetic cataract. FASEB J 1999;13:23-30.
23. Studer RK, Craven PA, DeRubertis FR. Role of protein kinase C in the mediation of increased fibronectin accum ulation by mesangial cells grown in high glucose medium. Diabetes 1993;42:118-26.
24. Ishii H, Jirousek MR, Koya D et al. Amelioration of vascular dysfunction in diabetic rats by an oral PKC inhibitor. Science 1996;272:728-31.
25. Koya D, Haneda M, Nakagawa H et al. Amelioration of accelerated diabetic mesangial expansion by treatment with a PKC beta inhibitor in diabetic db/db mica, a rodent model for type 2 diabetes. FASEB J 2000;14:439-47.
26. Osicka TM, Yu Y, Panagiotopoulos S et al. Prevention of albuminuria by aminoguanidine or ramipril in streptazocin induced diabetic rats is associated with normalization of protein kinase C. Diabetes 2000;49:87-93.
27. Isaka Y, Fujiwara Y, Ueda N et al. Glomerulosclerosis induced in vivo transfection of transforming growth factor beta or platelet derived growth factor gene into rat kidney. J Clin Invest 1992;92:2597-601.
28. Langham RG, Kelly DJ, Gow RM et al. Transforming Growth Factor-b in Human Diabetic Nephropathy, effects of ACE inhibition. Diabetes Care 2006;29:2670-74.
29. Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB et al. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation: modification of diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:461-70.
30. Chudleigh RA, Dunseath G, Evans W et al. How reliable is estimation of glomerular filtration rate at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007;30:300-305.
31. de Boer IH, Sun W, Cleary PA et al.; DCCT/EDIC research group. Intensive diabetes therapy and glomerular filtration rate in type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2011;365:2366.
32. Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA et al. 10 years follow up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1577.
33. Ismail-Beigi F, Craven T, Banerji MA et al. Effect of intensive treatment of hyperglycaemia on microvascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an analysis of the ACCORD randomised trial. Lancet 2010;376:419.
34. British National Formulary, March 2012; (63). www.bnf.org (2 June 2012, last accessed date).
35. Schwartz AV, Sellmeyer DE, Vittinghoff E et al. Thiazolidinedione use and bone loss in older diabetic adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:3349.
36. Meier C, Kraenzlin ME, Bodmer M et al. Use of thiazolidinediones and fracture risk. Arch Intern Med 2008;168:820.
37. Parving HH, Lehnert H, Brochner-Mortensen J et al. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:870-78.
38. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study Investigators. Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy. Lancet 2000;355:253-9.
39. Bilous R, Chaturvedi N, Sjølie AK et al. Effect of candesartan on microalbuminuria and albumin excretion rate in diabetes: three randomized trials. Ann Intern Med 2009;151:11.
40. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of lisinopril in normotensive patients with insulindependent diabetes and normoalbuminuria or microalbuminuria. The EUCLID Study Group. Lancet 1997;349:1787.
41. Mauer M, Zinman B, Gardiner R et al. Renal and retinal effects of enalapril and losartan in type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2009;361:40.
42. Parving HH, Andersen AR, Smidt UM et al. Early aggressive antihypertensive treatment reduces rate of decline in kidney function in diabetic nephropathy. Lancet 1983;1:1175-79.
43. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Hypertension, clinical management of primary hypertension. NICE CG 127. http://www.bhsoc.org/ latest-bhs-management-guidelines (2 September 2012, last accessed date).
44. Kasiske BL, Kalil RS, Ma JZ et al. Effect of antihypertensive therapy on the kidney in patients with diabetes: a meta analysis. Ann Intern Med 1993;118:129-38.
45. Viberti G, Wheeldon NM: for the MARVAL study investigators. Microalbuminuria reduction with valsartan in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: blood pressure independent effect. Circulation 2002;106:672-8.
46. Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2001;345:861.
47. Bakris GL, Ruilope L, Locatelli F et al. Treatment of microalbuminuria in hypertensive subjects with elevated cardiovascular risk: results of the IMPROVE trial. Kidney International 2007;72:879-85.
48. McMurray JJV, Abraham WT, Dickstein K. Aliskiren. ALTITUDE, and the implications for ATMOSPHERE. Eur J Heart Fail 2012;14:341-3.
49. Fuller JH, Stevens LK, Wang SL et al. Risk factors for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity: the WHO Multinational Study of Vascualr Disease in Diabetes. Diabetologia 2001; 44(Suppl. 2):S54-64.
50. Gaede P, Vedel P, Larsen N et al. Effect of a multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patient with type 2 diabetes. N Eng J Med 2003;348:383-593.
51. Gaede P, Lund-Andersen H, Parving HH et al. Effect of a multifactorial Intervention on Mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Eng J Med 2008;358:580-91.
52. Yudkin JS, Richter B, Gale EAM. Intestified glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes: time for a reappraisal. Diabetologia 2010;53:2079-85.
53. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2012. Diabetes Care 2012;35:S11-63.
54. National Kidney Foundation. KDOQI clinical practice guidelines and clinical practice recommendations for diabetes and chronic kidney diaease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2007;49:S12-154.
55. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Type 1 diabetes in adults. National Clinical guideline for diagnosis and management in primary and secondary care. NICE CG 15. www.nice.org.uk (2 June 2012, last accessed date).
56. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Type 2 Diabetes. The management of Type 2 Diabetes. NICE CG 66. www.nice.org.uk (2 June 2012, last accessed date).
57. Antithrombotic Trialists (ATT) Collaboration. Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet 2009;373:1849-60.
58. De Berardis G, Sacco M, Strippoli GFM et al. Aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in people with diabetes: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2009;339:b4531.
59. Olivarius N de F, Andreasen AH, Keiding N et al. Epidemiology of renal involvement in newly diagnosed middle aged and elderly diabetic patients. Diabetologia 1993;26:1007-16.
60. Pioglitazone: risk of bladder cancer. MHRA, Drug safety update August 2011. Available at http://www.mhra.gov.uk/safetyinformation. (18 October 2012, last accessed date).