메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 1-13

Rapid and unpredictable changes of the G-matrix in a natural bird population over 25 years

Author keywords

Animal model; Evolvability; Genetic variance covariance matrix; Natural population; Temporal stability

Indexed keywords

ALLELE; COVARIANCE ANALYSIS; EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS; GENETIC DRIFT; GENETIC VARIATION; GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; PASSERINE; RESOURCE ALLOCATION;

EID: 84871089697     PISSN: 1010061X     EISSN: 14209101     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12044     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (51)

References (65)
  • 2
    • 0023317666 scopus 로고
    • Adaptive landscapes, genetic distance and the evolution of quantitative characters
    • Barton, N.H. & Turelli, M. 1987. Adaptive landscapes, genetic distance and the evolution of quantitative characters. Genet. Res. Camb. 49: 157-173.
    • (1987) Genet. Res. Camb. , vol.49 , pp. 157-173
    • Barton, N.H.1    Turelli, M.2
  • 3
    • 0024792701 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary quantitative genetics: how little do we know?
    • Barton, N.H. & Turelli, M. 1989. Evolutionary quantitative genetics: how little do we know? Annu. Rev. Genet. 23: 337-370.
    • (1989) Annu. Rev. Genet. , vol.23 , pp. 337-370
    • Barton, N.H.1    Turelli, M.2
  • 4
    • 0028162849 scopus 로고
    • Processes generating macroevolutionary patterns of morphological variation in birds - a simulation study
    • Björklund, M. 1994. Processes generating macroevolutionary patterns of morphological variation in birds - a simulation study. J. Evol. Biol. 7: 727-742.
    • (1994) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.7 , pp. 727-742
    • Björklund, M.1
  • 5
    • 0029659641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of evolutionary constraints on ecological time scales
    • Björklund, M. 1996. The importance of evolutionary constraints on ecological time scales. Evol. Ecol. 10: 423-431.
    • (1996) Evol. Ecol. , vol.10 , pp. 423-431
    • Björklund, M.1
  • 6
    • 0344515378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation and selection - what are we measuring?
    • Björklund, M. 2003. Variation and selection - what are we measuring? Ann. Zool. Fennica 40: 387-394.
    • (2003) Ann. Zool. Fennica , vol.40 , pp. 387-394
    • Björklund, M.1
  • 7
    • 17544399145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constancy of the G-matrix in ecological time
    • Björklund, M. 2004. Constancy of the G-matrix in ecological time. Evolution 58: 1145-1164.
    • (2004) Evolution , vol.58 , pp. 1145-1164
    • Björklund, M.1
  • 8
    • 0027868952 scopus 로고
    • Morphological differentiation in Carduelis finches - adaptive vs constraint models
    • Björklund, M. & Merilä, J. 1993. Morphological differentiation in Carduelis finches - adaptive vs constraint models. J. Evol. Biol. 6: 359-373.
    • (1993) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.6 , pp. 359-373
    • Björklund, M.1    Merilä, J.2
  • 9
    • 0013877398 scopus 로고
    • Some observations on asymmetrical correlated responses to selection
    • Bohren, B.B., Hill, W.G. & Robertson, A. 1966. Some observations on asymmetrical correlated responses to selection. Genet. Res. Camb. 7: 44-57.
    • (1966) Genet. Res. Camb. , vol.7 , pp. 44-57
    • Bohren, B.B.1    Hill, W.G.2    Robertson, A.3
  • 11
    • 5344250391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population differentiation in G matrix structure due to natural selection in Rana temporaria
    • Cano, J.M., Laurila, A., Palo, J. & Merilä, J. 2004. Population differentiation in G matrix structure due to natural selection in Rana temporaria. Evolution 58: 2013-2020.
    • (2004) Evolution , vol.58 , pp. 2013-2020
    • Cano, J.M.1    Laurila, A.2    Palo, J.3    Merilä, J.4
  • 12
    • 17844383749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variance and covariance for physiological traits in Lobelia: are there constraints on adaptive evolution?
    • Caruso, C.M., Maherali, H., Mikulyuk, A., Carlson, K. & Jackson, R.B. 2005. Genetic variance and covariance for physiological traits in Lobelia: are there constraints on adaptive evolution? Evolution 59: 826-837.
    • (2005) Evolution , vol.59 , pp. 826-837
    • Caruso, C.M.1    Maherali, H.2    Mikulyuk, A.3    Carlson, K.4    Jackson, R.B.5
  • 13
    • 24944534525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do misassigned paternities affect the estimation of heritability in the field?
    • Charmantier, A. & Réale, D. 2005. How do misassigned paternities affect the estimation of heritability in the field? Mol. Ecol. 14: 2839-2850.
    • (2005) Mol. Ecol. , vol.14 , pp. 2839-2850
    • Charmantier, A.1    Réale, D.2
  • 14
    • 34547528507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing covariance matrices: random skewers method compared to the principal components model
    • Cheverud, J.M. & Marroig, G. 2007. Comparing covariance matrices: random skewers method compared to the principal components model. Genet. Mol. Biol. 30: 461-469.
    • (2007) Genet. Mol. Biol. , vol.30 , pp. 461-469
    • Cheverud, J.M.1    Marroig, G.2
  • 15
    • 77956652292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individuals and populations: the role of long-term, individual-based studies of animals in ecology and evolutionary biology
    • Clutton-Brock, T. & Sheldon, B.C. 2010. Individuals and populations: the role of long-term, individual-based studies of animals in ecology and evolutionary biology. Trends Ecol. Evol. 25: 562-573.
    • (2010) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.25 , pp. 562-573
    • Clutton-Brock, T.1    Sheldon, B.C.2
  • 16
    • 79953245458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The statistical mechanics of a polygenic character under stabilizing selection, mutation and drift
    • De Vladar, H.P. & Barton, N.H. 2011. The statistical mechanics of a polygenic character under stabilizing selection, mutation and drift. J. R. Soc. Interface 8: 720-739.
    • (2011) J. R. Soc. Interface , vol.8 , pp. 720-739
    • De Vladar, H.P.1    Barton, N.H.2
  • 17
    • 40549134650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid divergence of genetic variance-covariance matrix within a population
    • Doroszuk, A., Wojewodzie, M.W., Gort, G. & Kammenga, J.E. 2008. Rapid divergence of genetic variance-covariance matrix within a population. Am. Nat. 171: 291-304.
    • (2008) Am. Nat. , vol.171 , pp. 291-304
    • Doroszuk, A.1    Wojewodzie, M.W.2    Gort, G.3    Kammenga, J.E.4
  • 18
    • 84931748999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do genetic correlations affect range shifts in a changing environment?
    • Duputie, A., Massol, F., Chuine, I., Kirkpatrick, M. & Ronce, O. 2012. How do genetic correlations affect range shifts in a changing environment? Ecol. Lett. 15: 251-259.
    • (2012) Ecol. Lett. , vol.15 , pp. 251-259
    • Duputie, A.1    Massol, F.2    Chuine, I.3    Kirkpatrick, M.4    Ronce, O.5
  • 20
    • 33846633697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resolving the paradox of stasis: models with stabilizing selection explain evolutionary divergence on all timescales
    • Estes, S. & Arnold, S.J. 2007. Resolving the paradox of stasis: models with stabilizing selection explain evolutionary divergence on all timescales. Am. Nat. 169: 227-244.
    • (2007) Am. Nat. , vol.169 , pp. 227-244
    • Estes, S.1    Arnold, S.J.2
  • 21
    • 33846858635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in pleiotropy and the mutational underpinnings of the G-matrix
    • Estes, S. & Phillips, P.C. 2006. Variation in pleiotropy and the mutational underpinnings of the G-matrix. Evolution 60: 2655-2660.
    • (2006) Evolution , vol.60 , pp. 2655-2660
    • Estes, S.1    Phillips, P.C.2
  • 23
    • 37349062479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability of genetic variance and covariance for reproductive characters in the face of climate change in a wild bird population
    • Garant, D., Hadfield, J.D., Kruuk, L.E.B. & Sheldon, B.C. 2008. Stability of genetic variance and covariance for reproductive characters in the face of climate change in a wild bird population. Mol. Ecol. 17: 179-188.
    • (2008) Mol. Ecol. , vol.17 , pp. 179-188
    • Garant, D.1    Hadfield, J.D.2    Kruuk, L.E.B.3    Sheldon, B.C.4
  • 24
    • 0041507314 scopus 로고
    • Effects of disruptive selection. VIII. Imposed quasirandom mating
    • Gibson, J.B. & Thoday, J.M. 1963. Effects of disruptive selection. VIII. Imposed quasirandom mating. Heredity 18: 513-524.
    • (1963) Heredity , vol.18 , pp. 513-524
    • Gibson, J.B.1    Thoday, J.M.2
  • 26
    • 0024898032 scopus 로고
    • A developmental constraint in Cerion, with comments on the definition and interpretation of constraint in evolution
    • Gould, S.J. 1989. A developmental constraint in Cerion, with comments on the definition and interpretation of constraint in evolution. Evolution 43: 516-539.
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 516-539
    • Gould, S.J.1
  • 27
    • 84868691184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex specific genetic variances in life history and morphological traits of the seed beetle C. maculatus
    • Hallsson, L. & Björklund, M. 2012. Sex specific genetic variances in life history and morphological traits of the seed beetle C. maculatus. Ecol. Evol. 2: 128-138.
    • (2012) Ecol. Evol. , vol.2 , pp. 128-138
    • Hallsson, L.1    Björklund, M.2
  • 28
    • 49549087249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring and comparing evolvability and constraint in multivariate characters
    • Hansen, T.F. & Houle, D. 2008. Measuring and comparing evolvability and constraint in multivariate characters. J. Evol. Biol. 21: 1201-1219.
    • (2008) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.21 , pp. 1201-1219
    • Hansen, T.F.1    Houle, D.2
  • 30
    • 0000563391 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of genetic parameters
    • Henderson, C.R. 1950. Estimation of genetic parameters. Ann. Math. Stat. 21: 309-310.
    • (1950) Ann. Math. Stat. , vol.21 , pp. 309-310
    • Henderson, C.R.1
  • 32
    • 67449150171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterizing the evolution of genetic variance using genetic covariance tensors
    • Hine, E., Chenowth, S.F., Rundle, H.D. & Blows, M.W. 2009. Characterizing the evolution of genetic variance using genetic covariance tensors. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B364: 1567-1578.
    • (2009) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. , vol.B364 , pp. 1567-1578
    • Hine, E.1    Chenowth, S.F.2    Rundle, H.D.3    Blows, M.W.4
  • 33
    • 40549132217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MIPoD: a hypothesis-testing framework for microevolutionary inference from patterns of divergence
    • Hohenlohe, P.A. & Arnold, S.J. 2008. MIPoD: a hypothesis-testing framework for microevolutionary inference from patterns of divergence. Am. Nat. 171: 366-385.
    • (2008) Am. Nat. , vol.171 , pp. 366-385
    • Hohenlohe, P.A.1    Arnold, S.J.2
  • 34
    • 0026016948 scopus 로고
    • Genetic covariance of fitness correlates: what genetic correlations are made of and why it matters
    • Houle, D. 1991. Genetic covariance of fitness correlates: what genetic correlations are made of and why it matters. Evolution 45: 630-648.
    • (1991) Evolution , vol.45 , pp. 630-648
    • Houle, D.1
  • 35
    • 77955233527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting patterns of phenotypic plasticity in reproductive traits in two great tit (Parus major) populations
    • Husby, A., Nussey, D.H., Visser, M.E., Wilson, A.J., Sheldon, B.C. & Kruuk, L.E.B.. 2010. Contrasting patterns of phenotypic plasticity in reproductive traits in two great tit (Parus major) populations. Evolution 64: 2221-2237.
    • (2010) Evolution , vol.64 , pp. 2221-2237
    • Husby, A.1    Nussey, D.H.2    Visser, M.E.3    Wilson, A.J.4    Sheldon, B.C.5    Kruuk, L.E.B.6
  • 36
    • 79952259216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speeding up microevolution: the effects of increasing temperature on selection and genetic variance in a wild bird population
    • Husby, A., Visser, M.E. & Kruuk, L.E.B. 2011. Speeding up microevolution: the effects of increasing temperature on selection and genetic variance in a wild bird population. PLoS Biol. 9: e1000585.
    • (2011) PLoS Biol. , vol.9
    • Husby, A.1    Visser, M.E.2    Kruuk, L.E.B.3
  • 37
    • 0043286742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability of the G-matrix in a population experiencing pleiotropic mutation, stabilizing selection, and genetic drift
    • Jones, A.G., Arnold, S.J. & Bürger, R. 2003. Stability of the G-matrix in a population experiencing pleiotropic mutation, stabilizing selection, and genetic drift. Evolution 57: 1747-1760.
    • (2003) Evolution , vol.57 , pp. 1747-1760
    • Jones, A.G.1    Arnold, S.J.2    Bürger, R.3
  • 38
    • 4344635013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution and stability of the G-matrix on a landscape with a moving optimum
    • Jones, A.G., Arnold, S.J. & Bürger, R. 2007. Evolution and stability of the G-matrix on a landscape with a moving optimum. Evolution 58: 1639-1654.
    • (2007) Evolution , vol.58 , pp. 1639-1654
    • Jones, A.G.1    Arnold, S.J.2    Bürger, R.3
  • 39
    • 0026565179 scopus 로고
    • Acquisition and allocation of resources: genetic (co)variances, selection, and life histories
    • de Jong, G. & van Noordwijk, A.J. 1992. Acquisition and allocation of resources: genetic (co)variances, selection, and life histories. Am. Nat. 139: 749-770.
    • (1992) Am. Nat. , vol.139 , pp. 749-770
    • de Jong, G.1    van Noordwijk, A.J.2
  • 40
    • 65649116390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of quantitative genetic variation in multiple dimensions
    • Kirkpatrick, M. 2009. Patterns of quantitative genetic variation in multiple dimensions. Genetica 136: 271-284.
    • (2009) Genetica , vol.136 , pp. 271-284
    • Kirkpatrick, M.1
  • 41
    • 2942724484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating genetic parameters in natural populations using the "animal model"
    • Kruuk, L.E.B. 2004. Estimating genetic parameters in natural populations using the "animal model". Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. 359: 873-890.
    • (2004) Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. , vol.359 , pp. 873-890
    • Kruuk, L.E.B.1
  • 42
    • 34547886842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to separate genetic and environmental causes of similarity between relatives
    • Kruuk, L.E.B. & Hadfield, J.D. 2007. How to separate genetic and environmental causes of similarity between relatives. J. Evol. Biol. 20: 1890-1903.
    • (2007) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 1890-1903
    • Kruuk, L.E.B.1    Hadfield, J.D.2
  • 43
    • 0001288442 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative genetic analysis of multivariate evolution, applied to brain: body size allometry
    • Lande, R. 1979. Quantitative genetic analysis of multivariate evolution, applied to brain: body size allometry. Evolution 33: 402-416.
    • (1979) Evolution , vol.33 , pp. 402-416
    • Lande, R.1
  • 44
    • 0001214721 scopus 로고
    • The measurement of selection on correlated characters
    • Lande, R. & Arnold, S.J. 1983. The measurement of selection on correlated characters. Evolution 37: 1210-1226.
    • (1983) Evolution , vol.37 , pp. 1210-1226
    • Lande, R.1    Arnold, S.J.2
  • 46
    • 0000852552 scopus 로고
    • Choosing a point from the surface of a sphere
    • Marsaglia, G. 1972. Choosing a point from the surface of a sphere. Ann. Math. Stat. 43: 645-646.
    • (1972) Ann. Math. Stat. , vol.43 , pp. 645-646
    • Marsaglia, G.1
  • 47
    • 0031972434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation and causes of genotype-environment interaction in the body size of blue tit (Parus caeruleus)
    • Merilä, J. & Fry, J.D. 1998. Genetic variation and causes of genotype-environment interaction in the body size of blue tit (Parus caeruleus). Genetics 148: 1233-1244.
    • (1998) Genetics , vol.148 , pp. 1233-1244
    • Merilä, J.1    Fry, J.D.2
  • 48
    • 0027835125 scopus 로고
    • Inheritance of size and shape in natural population of collared flycatchers, Ficedula albicollis
    • Merilä, J. & Gustafsson, L. 1993. Inheritance of size and shape in natural population of collared flycatchers, Ficedula albicollis. J. Evol. Biol. 6: 375-398.
    • (1993) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.6 , pp. 375-398
    • Merilä, J.1    Gustafsson, L.2
  • 49
    • 0029956948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal stability and microgeographic homogeneity of heritability estimates in a natural bird population
    • Merilä, J. & Gustafsson, L. 1996. Temporal stability and microgeographic homogeneity of heritability estimates in a natural bird population. J. Hered. 87: 199-204.
    • (1996) J. Hered. , vol.87 , pp. 199-204
    • Merilä, J.1    Gustafsson, L.2
  • 50
    • 0033693788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative genetic variation in Daphnia: temporal changes in genetic architecture
    • Pfrender, M.E. & Lynch, M. 2000. Quantitative genetic variation in Daphnia: temporal changes in genetic architecture. Evolution 54: 1502-1509.
    • (2000) Evolution , vol.54 , pp. 1502-1509
    • Pfrender, M.E.1    Lynch, M.2
  • 51
    • 0000625291 scopus 로고
    • Visualizing multivariate selection
    • Phillips, P.C. & Arnold, S.J. 1989. Visualizing multivariate selection. Evolution 43: 1209-1222.
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 1209-1222
    • Phillips, P.C.1    Arnold, S.J.2
  • 52
    • 33646950408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the genetics underlying the co-evolution of mate choice and ornament in the wild
    • Qvarnström, A., Brommer, J.E. & Gustafsson, L. 2006. Testing the genetics underlying the co-evolution of mate choice and ornament in the wild. Nature 441: 84-86.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.441 , pp. 84-86
    • Qvarnström, A.1    Brommer, J.E.2    Gustafsson, L.3
  • 53
    • 34547689827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The G-matrix under fluctuating correlational mutation and selection
    • Revell, L.J. 2007. The G-matrix under fluctuating correlational mutation and selection. Evolution 61: 1857-1872.
    • (2007) Evolution , vol.61 , pp. 1857-1872
    • Revell, L.J.1
  • 54
    • 85027923897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A test of the hypothesis that correlational selection generates genetic correlations
    • Roff, D.A. & Fairbairn, D.J. 2012. A test of the hypothesis that correlational selection generates genetic correlations. Evolution 66: 2953-2960.
    • (2012) Evolution , vol.66 , pp. 2953-2960
    • Roff, D.A.1    Fairbairn, D.J.2
  • 56
    • 84871055108 scopus 로고
    • Stabilizing and disruptive selection on a mutant character in Drosophila. I. The phenotypic variance and its components
    • Scharloo, W., Hoogmoed, M.S. & Ter Kuile, A. 1967. Stabilizing and disruptive selection on a mutant character in Drosophila. I. The phenotypic variance and its components. Genetics 60: 373-388.
    • (1967) Genetics , vol.60 , pp. 373-388
    • Scharloo, W.1    Hoogmoed, M.S.2    Ter Kuile, A.3
  • 57
    • 0029838036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive radiation along genetic lines of least resistance
    • Schluter, D. 1996. Adaptive radiation along genetic lines of least resistance. Evolution 50: 1766-1774.
    • (1996) Evolution , vol.50 , pp. 1766-1774
    • Schluter, D.1
  • 58
    • 0033082292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection resulting from extrapair paternity in collared flycatchers
    • Sheldon, B.C. & Ellegren, H. 1999. Sexual selection resulting from extrapair paternity in collared flycatchers. Anim. Behav. 57: 285-298.
    • (1999) Anim. Behav. , vol.57 , pp. 285-298
    • Sheldon, B.C.1    Ellegren, H.2
  • 59
    • 0031717224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender and environmental sensitivity in nestling collared flycatchers
    • Sheldon, B.C., Merilä, J., Lindgren, G. & Ellegren, H. 1998. Gender and environmental sensitivity in nestling collared flycatchers. Ecology 79: 1939-1948.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 1939-1948
    • Sheldon, B.C.1    Merilä, J.2    Lindgren, G.3    Ellegren, H.4
  • 60
    • 0020095504 scopus 로고
    • Effect of short term directional selection on genetic variability: experiments with Drosophila melanogaster
    • Sorensen, D.A. & Hill, W.G. 1982. Effect of short term directional selection on genetic variability: experiments with Drosophila melanogaster. Heredity 48: 27-33.
    • (1982) Heredity , vol.48 , pp. 27-33
    • Sorensen, D.A.1    Hill, W.G.2
  • 61
    • 0036644206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative quantitative genetics: evolution of the G matrix
    • Steppan, S.J., Phillips, P.C. & Houle, D. 2002. Comparative quantitative genetics: evolution of the G matrix. Trends Ecol. Evol. 17: 320-327.
    • (2002) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 320-327
    • Steppan, S.J.1    Phillips, P.C.2    Houle, D.3
  • 62
    • 51249121392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating nonlinear selection gradients using quadratic regression coefficients: double or nothing?
    • Stinchcombe, J.R., Agrawal, A.F., Hohenlohe, P.A., Arnold, S.J. & Blows, M.W. 2008. Estimating nonlinear selection gradients using quadratic regression coefficients: double or nothing?. Evolution 62: 2435-2440.
    • (2008) Evolution , vol.62 , pp. 2435-2440
    • Stinchcombe, J.R.1    Agrawal, A.F.2    Hohenlohe, P.A.3    Arnold, S.J.4    Blows, M.W.5
  • 63
    • 84966144560 scopus 로고
    • Effects of disruptive selection. I. Genetic flexibility
    • Thoday, J.M. 1959. Effects of disruptive selection. I. Genetic flexibility. Heredity 13: 187-209.
    • (1959) Heredity , vol.13 , pp. 187-209
    • Thoday, J.M.1
  • 64
    • 0007005273 scopus 로고
    • Asymmetrical correlated response to selection under an infinitesimal genetic model
    • Villanueva, B. & Kennedy, B.W. 1992. Asymmetrical correlated response to selection under an infinitesimal genetic model. Theor. Appl. Gen. 84: 232-329.
    • (1992) Theor. Appl. Gen. , vol.84 , pp. 232-329
    • Villanueva, B.1    Kennedy, B.W.2
  • 65
    • 84871089231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypersphere Point Picking. From MathWorld-A Wolfram Web Resource. URL.
    • Weisstein, E.W. 2011. Hypersphere Point Picking. From MathWorld-A Wolfram Web Resource. URL http://mathworld.wolfram.com/HyperspherePointPicking.html.
    • (2011)
    • Weisstein, E.W.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.