How to separate genetic and environmental causes of similarity between relatives

Journal of Evolutionary Biology

Volumn 20, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 1890-1903

  Kruuk, L E B ^a   Hadfield, J D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Additive genetic variance; Animal model; Cross fostering; Heritability; Maternal effects

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT; HERITABILITY; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; WILD POPULATION;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BIRTH; BIRTH WEIGHT; COMPARATIVE STUDY; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DEER; ENVIRONMENT; GENETICS; GENOTYPE; HISTOLOGY; HORN; PEDIGREE; PHENOTYPE; PHYSIOLOGY; SHEEP; SONGBIRD; TIME;

ANIMALS; ANTLERS; BIRTH WEIGHT; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DEER; ENVIRONMENT; GENOTYPE; PARTURITION; PASSERIFORMES; PEDIGREE; PHENOTYPE; SHEEP; TIME FACTORS;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 34547886842     PISSN: 1010061X     EISSN: 14209101     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01377.x     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Alfonso, L., Noguera, J.L., Babot, D. Estany, J. 1997. Estimates of genetic parameters for litter size at different parities in pigs. Livest. Prod. Sci. 47 : 149 156.
2. Belsley, D.A. 1991. Conditioning Diagnostics: Collinearity and Weak Data in Regression. Wiley, New York.
3. Catchpole, E.A., Fan, Y., Morgan, B.J.T., Clutton-Brock, T.H. Coulson, T. 2004. Sexual dimorphism, survival and dispersal in red deer. J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. 9 : 1 26.
4. Charmantier, A. Réale, D. 2005. How do misassigned paternities affect the estimation of heritability in the wild Mol. Ecol. 14 : 2839 2850.
5. Charmantier, A., Kruuk, L.E.B., Blondel, J. Lambrechts, M.M. 2004. Testing for microevolution in body size in three blue tit populations. J. Evol. Biol. 17 : 732 743.
6. Charmantier, A., Perrins, C., McCleery, R.H. Sheldon, B.C. 2006. Evolutionary response to selection on clutch size in a long-term study of the mute swan. Am. Nat. 167 : 453 465.
7. Clement, V., Bibe, B., Verrier, E., Elsen, J.M., Manfredi, E., Bouix, J. Hanocq, E. 2001. Simulation analysis to test the influence of model adequacy and data structure on the estimation of genetic parameters for traits with direct and maternal effects. Genet. Sel. Evol. 33 : 369 395.
8. Clutton-Brock, T.H. Pemberton, J.M. 2004. Soay Sheep: Population Dynamics and Selection on St. Kilda. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
9. Clutton-Brock, T.H., Guinness, F.E. Albon, S.D. 1982. Red Deer - Behaviour and Ecology of Two Sexes. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
10. Coltman, D.W., Pilkington, J., Kruuk, L.E.B., Wilson, K. Pemberton, J.M. 2001. Positive genetic correlation between parasite resistance and body size in a free-living ungulate population. Evolution 55 : 2116 2125.
11. Falconer, D.S. Mackay, T.F.C. 1996. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. Longman, Essex.
12. Garant, D. Kruuk, L.E.B. 2005. How to use molecular marker data to measure evolutionary parameters in wild populations. Mol. Ecol. 14 : 1843 1859.
13. Gilmour, A.R., Gogel, B.J., Cullis, B.R., Welham, S.J. Thompson, R. 2002. ASReml User Guide Release 1.0. VSN International Ltd, Hemel Hempstead, UK.
14. Hadfield, J.D., Burgess, M.D., Lord, A., Phillimore, A.B., Clegg, S.M. Owens, I.P.F. 2006. Direct versus indirect sexual selection: genetic basis of colour, size and recruitment in a wild bird. Proc. R. Soc. B 273 : 1347 1353.
15. Hanocq, E., Boichard, D. Foulley, J.L. 1996. A simulation study of the effect of connectedness on genetic trend. Genet. Sel. Evol. 28 : 67 82.
16. van der Jeugd, H.P. McCleery, R. 2002. Effects of spatial autocorrelation, natal philopatry and phenotypic plasticity on the heritability of laying date. J. Evol. Biol. 15 : 380 387.
17. Kirkpatrick, M. Lande, R. 1989. The evolution of maternal characters. Evolution 43 : 485 503.
18. Krist, M. Remes, V. 2004. Egg size and offspring performance: in search of the best method. Oikos 106 : 422 426.
19. Kruuk, L.E.B. 2004. Estimating genetic parameters in wild populations using the 'animal model'. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B 359 : 873 890.
20. Kruuk, L.E.B., Clutton-Brock, T.H., Slate, J., Pemberton, J.M., Brotherstone, S. Guinness, F.E. 2000. Heritability of fitness in a wild mammal population. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97 : 698 703.
21. Kruuk, L.E.B., Merilä, J. Sheldon, B.C. 2001. Phenotypic selection on heritable size traits revisited. Am. Nat. 158 : 557 571.
22. Kruuk, L.E.B., Slate, J., Pemberton, J.M., Brotherstone, S., Guinness, F.E. Clutton-Brock, T.H. 2002. Antler size in red deer: heritability and selection but no evolution. Evolution 56 : 1683 1695.
23. Lynch, M. Walsh, B. 1998. Genetics and Analysis of Quantitative Traits. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA.
24. MacColl, A.D.C. Hatchwell, B.J. 2003. Heritability of parental investment in a passerine bird. Evolution 57 : 2191 2195.
25. Marshall, T.C., Slate, J., Kruuk, L.E.B. Pemberton, J.M. 1998. Statistical confidence for likelihood-based paternity inference in natural populations. Mol. Ecol. 7 : 639 655.
26. McAdam, A.G., Boutin, S., Réale, D. Berteaux, D. 2002. Maternal effects and the potential for evolution in a natural population of animals. Evolution 56 : 846 851.
27. McCleery, R.H., Pettifor, R.A., Armbruster, P., Meyer, K., Sheldon, B. Perrins, C.M. 2004. Components of variance underlying fitness in a natural population of the great tit Parus major. Am. Nat. 164 : E64 E74.
28. Merilä, J. 1996. Genetic variation in offspring condition: an experiment. Funct. Ecol. 10 : 465 474.
29. Merilä, J. 1997. Expression of genetic variation in body size of the collared flycatcher under different environmental conditions. Evolution 51 : 526 536.
30. Merilä, J. Sheldon, B.C. 2001. Avian quantitative genetics. Curr. Ornithol. 16 : 179 255.
31. Merilä, J., Kruuk, L.E.B. Sheldon, B.C. 2001a. Cryptic evolution in a wild bird population. Nature 412 : 76 79.
32. Merilä, J., Kruuk, L.E.B. Sheldon, B.C. 2001b. Natural selection on the genetical component of variance in body condition in a wild bird population. J. Evol. Biol. 14 : 918 929.
33. Merilä, J., Kruuk, L.E.B. Sheldon, B.C. 2006. Evolution and expression of genetic variation in nestling traits. Proc. 23rd Int. Ornithol. Cong., Acta Zool. Sin. 52 (Suppl. 666 669.
34. Meyer, K. 1998. Estimating covariance functions for longitudinal data using a random regression model. Genet. Sel. Evol. 30 : 221 240.
35. Mousseau, T.A. Fox, C.W. 1998. Maternal Effects as Adaptations. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
36. Nespolo, R.F., Bacigalupe, L.D. Bozinovic, F. 2003. Heritability of energetics in a wild mammal, the leaf-eared mouse (Phyllotis darwini). Evolution 57 : 1679 1688.
37. Perrins, C.M. 1979. British Tits. Collins, London.
38. Pettay, J.E., Kruuk, L.E.B., Jokela, J. Lummaa, V. 2005. Heritability and genetic constraints of life-history trait evolution in preindustrial humans. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102 : 2838 2843.
39. Pinheiro, J.C. Bates, D.M. 2000. Mixed Effects Models in S and S-Plus. Springer Verlag, New York.
40. Postma, E. 2006. Implications of the difference between true and predicted breeding values for the study of natural selection and micro-evolution. J. Evol. Biol. 19 : 309 320.
41. Quinn, J.L., Charmantier, A., Garant, D. Sheldon, B.C. 2006. Data depth, data completeness, and their influence on quantitative genetic estimation in two contrasting bird populations. J. Evol. Biol. 19 : 994 1002.
42. R Development Team. ''R: A Language and environment for statistical computing''. Publisher: R Foundation for Statistical Computing, http://www.r-project.org.
43. Räsänen, K. Kruuk, L.E.B. 2007. Maternal Effects and Evolution on Ecological Time Scales. Funct. Ecol. 21 : 408 421.
44. Rauter, C.M. Moore, A.J. 2002. Evolutionary importance of parental care performance, food resources, and direct and indirect genetic effects in a burying beetle. J. Evol. Biol. 15 : 407 417.
45. Réale, D., Festa-Bianchet, M. Jorgenson, J.T. 1999. Heritability of body mass varies with age and season in wild bighorn sheep. Heredity 83 : 526 532.
46. Riska, B., Rutledge, J.J. Atchley, W.R. 1985. Covariance between direct and maternal genetic-effects in mice, with a model of persistent environmental-influences. Genet. Res. 45 : 287 297.
47. Rossiter, M.C. 1996. Incidence and consequences of inherited environmental effects. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 27 : 451 476.
48. Satoh, M., Hicks, C., Ishii, K. Furukhawa, T. 2002. Choice of statistical model for estimating genetic parameters using restricted maximum likelihood in swine. J. Anim. Breed. Genet. 119 : 285 296.
49. Sorensen, D.A. Gianola, D. 2002. Likelihood, Bayesian and MCMC Methods in Quantitative Genetics. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
50. Stewart, G.W. 1987. Collinearity and least squares regression. Stat. Sci. 2 : 68 84.
51. Wilham, R.L. 1972. The role of maternal effects in animal breeding. J. Anim. Sci. 28 : 74 81.
52. Wilson, A.J., Coltman, D.W., Pemberton, J.M., Overall, A.J., Byrne, K.A. Kruuk, L.E.B. 2005a. Maternal genetic effects set the potential for evolution in a free-living vertebrate population. J. Evol. Biol. 18 : 405 414.
53. Wilson, A.J., Kruuk, L.E.B. Coltman, D.W. 2005b. Ontogenetic patterns in heritable variation for body size: using random regression models in a wild ungulate population. Am. Nat. 166 : E177 E192.
54. Wilson, A.J., Pemberton, J.M., Pilkington, J.G., Coltman, D.W., Mifsud, D.V., Clutton-Brock, T.H. Kruuk, L.E.B. 2006. Environmental coupling of selection and heritability limits evolution. PLoS Biol. 4 : e216.