Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria: The international dimension

South African Journal of International Affairs

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 337-357

  Onapajo, Hakeem ^a   Uzodike, Ufo Okeke ^a   Whetho, Ayo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Boko Haram; International links; International response; Multinational membership; Transnational terrorism

Indexed keywords

EID: 84870999226     PISSN: 10220461     EISSN: 19380275     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10220461.2012.740319     Document Type: Article

References (135)

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107. see Alli Y, 'SSS steps up search', 'SSS steps up search for abducted German', The Nation, 26 March 2012, http://www.thenationonlineng.net/2011/index.php/news/41067-sss-steps-up-search-for-abductedgerman.html (date accessed 26 March 2012).
108. Ibid. 34
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113. A group is designated an FTO, if it has the following qualities: it must be a foreign organisation; the organisation must engage in terrorist activity, as defined by the US Department of State or retain the capability and intent to engage in terrorist activity or terrorism; and the organisation's terrorist activity or terrorism must threaten the security of US nationals or the national security (national defense, foreign relations, or the economic interests) of the United States.
114. see US Department of State 'Foreign terrorist organizations', http://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/other/des/123085.htm (date accessed 20 April 2012).
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116. BBC, 'Boko Haram leaders are designated as terrorists by US', 21 June 2012, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-18542030 (date accessed 25 July 2012).
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118. Ibid. 45
119. US House of Representatives, 'Boko Haram: Emerging threat to the US homeland', 30 November 2011, p. 21.
120. Ibid. 21
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125. Nigeria, 'Report of the OECD on Development and Aid effectiveness', 2008, http://www.oecd.org/development/aideffectiveness/42243379.pdf (date accessed 10 October 2012).
126. The United States offers to provide an effective development assistance programme to aggressively drive economic development and address the prevalent poverty in the northern region.
127. The country also announced its plans to open a consulate in Kano state - the commercial centre in northern Nigeria - as a strategy to maintain a significant diplomatic representation in the region and to work with the political elites to address the issue of poverty and underdevelopment in the region. See
128. PM News, 'Boko Haram: US plans more aid to northern Nigeria', 30 March 2012, http://pmnewsnigeria.com/2012/03/30/bokoharam-us-plans-more-aid-to-northern-nigeria/ (date accessed 30 March 2012).
129. In this regard, Terence McCulley argued that 'the Nigerian government should consider creating a Ministry of Northern Affairs or a development commission similar to what it did in response to the Niger Delta crises'. See
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131. The Punch, 'Boko Haram: America's profound misjudgement', 17 April 2012, http://www.punchng.com/editorial/boko-haram-americas-profound-misjudgment/ (date accessed 17 April 2012).
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133. Ibid. 20
134. Ewi M and Aning K, 'Assessing the role of the African Union in preventing and combating terrorism in Africa', African Security Review, 15.3, 2006, pp. 32-46, at p. 42.
135. Vanguard, 'AU lists Boko Haram, Al Shabaab, other terrorist groups', 9 December 2011, http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/12/au-lists-boko-haram-al-shabaab-others-terroristgroups/ (date accessed 29 September 2012).