To use or not to use corticosteroids for pneumonia? A clinician's perspective

Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease - Pulmonary Series

Volumn 77, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 94-101

  Confalonieri, Marco ^a   Kodric, M ^a   Santagiuliana, M ^a   Longo, C ^a   Biolo, M ^a   Cifaldi, R ^a   Torregiani, C ^a   Jevnikar, M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TRIESTE   (Italy)

Author keywords

Community acquired pneumonia; Glucocorticoids; Inflammatory response; Severe pneumonia

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; BUDESONIDE; DEXAMETHASONE; GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR; HYDROCORTISONE; HYPERTENSIVE FACTOR; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PREDNISONE; CORTICOSTEROID; GLUCOCORTICOID; NORADRENALIN; PLACEBO; PREDNISOLONE; STEROID;

ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTICLE; ASTHMA; CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE; CLINICAL PRACTICE; COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; CONTINUOUS INFUSION; CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENT; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG SAFETY; HOSPITAL ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INFECTION; INFLAMMATION; INFLUENZA A (H1N1); INTENSIVE CARE; LENGTH OF STAY; MORTALITY; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; PATIENT CARE; PATIENT MONITORING; PREVALENCE; PROGNOSIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; TREATMENT DURATION; VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG CONTRAINDICATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG INDICATION; DRUG MEGADOSE; HYPOKALEMIA; PNEUMONIA; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PUBLIC HEALTH; SEPSIS; SURVIVAL RATE; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

EID: 84870975729     PISSN: 11220643     EISSN: 2465101X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Armstrong GL, Conn LA, Pinner RW. Trends in infectious disease mortality in the United States during the 20th century. JAMA 1999; 281: 61-66. (Pubitemid 29025101)
2. Annanne D, Meduri GU. Corticosteroids for community acquired pneumonia: time to act! Crit Care 2008; 12: 166 (doi: 10.1186/cc6940).
3. Povoa P, Salluh JIF. What is the role of steroids in pneumonia therapy? Curr Opin Infect Dis 2012; 25: 199-204.
4. Confalonieri M, Urbino R, Potena A, et al. Hydrocortisone infusione for severe community acquired pneumonia. A preliminary randomized study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171: 242-248.
5. Marik P, Kraus P, Sribante J, Havlik I, Lipman J, Johnson DW. Hydrocortisone and tumor necrosis factor in severe community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized controlled study. Chest 1993; 104: 389-392. (Pubitemid 23229504)
6. McHardy VU, Schonell ME. Ampicillin dosage and use of prednisolone in treatment of pneumonia: co-operative controlled trial. Brit Med J 1972; 4 (5840): 569-73.
7. Mikami K, Suzuki M, Kitagawa H, Kawakami M, Hirota N, Yamaguchi H. Efficacy of corticosteroids in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalisation. Lung 2007; 185: 249-55. (Pubitemid 47397487)
8. van Woensel JB, van Aalderen WM, de Weerd W, Jansen NJ. Dexamethasone for treatment of patients mechanically ventilated for lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus. Thorax 2003; 58: 383-7. (Pubitemid 36560939)
9. Cao LF, Lu YM, Ma HG, Ma M. Budesonide inhaling auxiliary therapy after mycoplasma pneumoniae infection of children. Internat J Respir 2007; 27: 567-9.
10. Meijvis S, Hardeman H, Remmelts HHF, et al. Dexamethasone and length of hospital stay in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2011; 377: 2023-30.
11. Fernández-Serrano S, Dorca J, Garcia-Vidal C, et al. Effect of corticosteroids on the clinical course of community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial. Crit Care 2011; 15: R96.
12. Snijders D, Daniels JMA, de Graaff CS, van der Werf TS, Boersman WG. Efficacy of corticosteroids in community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 181: 975-982.
13. Sabry NA, El-Din Omar E. Corticosteroids and ICU-course of community acquired pneumonia in Egyptian settings. Pharmacol Pharm 2011; 2: 73-81.
14. Garcia-Vidal C, Calbo E, Pascual V, Ferrer C, Quintana S, Garau J. Effects of systemic steroids in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2007; 30: 951-956. (Pubitemid 351194800)
15. Monton C, Ewing S, Torres A, et al. Role of glucocorticoids on inflammatory response in nonimmunosuppressed patients with pneumonia: a pilot study. Eur Respir J 1999; 14: 218-220. (Pubitemid 29411261)
16. Wagner HN, Bennett IL, Lasagna L, Cluff LE, Rosenthal MB, Mirick GS: The effect of hydrocortisone upon the course of pneumococcal pneumonia treated with penicillin. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 1956; 98: 197-215.
17. Antunes G, Evans SA, Lordan JL, Frew AJ. Systemic cytokine levels in community-acquired pneumonia and their association with disease severity. Eur Respir J 2002; 20: 990-995. (Pubitemid 35175139)
18. Kellum JA, Kong L, Fink MP, Weissfeld LA, et al. Understanding the inflammatory cytokine response in pneumonia and sepsis: results of the Genetic and Inflamma tory Markers of Sepsis (GenIMS) Study. Arch Intern Med 2007; 167: 1655-1663. (Pubitemid 47280347)
19. Yende S, D'Angelo G, Kellum JA, et al, for the Gen-IMS Investigators. Inflammatory markers at hospital discharge predict subsequent mortality after pneumonia and sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 177: 1242-47. (Pubitemid 351860933)
20. Meduri GU, Annane D, Chrousos GP, Marik PE, Sinclair SE. Activation and regulation of systemic inflammation in ARDS: rationale for prolonged glucocorticoid therapy. Chest 2009; 136: 1631-43.
21. Annane D, Bellissant E, Cavaillon JM. Septic shock. Lancet 2005; 365 (9453): 63-78.
22. Meduri GU, Yates CR. Systemic inflammatory-associated glucorticoid resistance and outcome of ARDS. Ann NY Acad Sci 2004; 1024: 24-53. (Pubitemid 38879592)
23. Keh D, Boehnke T, Weber-Cartens S, et al. Immunologic and hemodynamic effects of "low-dose" hydrocortisone in septic shock: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross- over study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 167: 512-20.
24. Nawab Q, Golden E, Confalonieri M, Umberger R, Meduri GU. Corticosteroid treatment in severe community-acquired pneumonia: duration of treatment affects control of systemic inflammation and clinical improvement. Intensive Care Med 2011; 37: 1553-4.
25. Annane D, Bellissant E, Bollaert PE, et al. Corticosteroids in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock in adults: a systematic review. JAMA 2009, 301: 2349-2361.
26. World Health Organization (2009) Clinical Management of Human Infection with Pandemic (H1N1) 2009: Revised Guidance. Geneva: World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/swineflu/clinical-management-h1n1. pdf (Accessed 6 February 2010).
27. Brun-Buisson C, Richard JC, Mercat A, Thiebaut A, Brochard L. Early corticosteroids in severe Influenza A/H1N1 pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183: 1200-1206.
28. Dominguez-Cherit G, Lapinsky SE, Macias AE, et al. Critically ill patients with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) in Mexico. JAMA 2009; 302: 1880-1887.
29. Kim S-H, Hong S-B, Yun S-C. Corticosteroid treatment in critically ill patients with pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183: 1207-1214.
30. Linko R, Pettila V, Ruokonen E, et al. FINNH1N1-study group. Steroid treatment in patients with influenza A (H1N1) infection in Finnish ICUs: an observational study. Acta Anesth Scand 2011; 55: 971-979.
31. Ke Han K, Ma H, An X, Su Y, Early Use of Glucocorticoids Was a Risk Factor for Critical Disease and Death From pH1N1 Infection. CID 2011; 53: 326-333.
32. Perez-Padilla R, de la Rosa-Zamboni D, Ponce de Leon S, et al. INER Working Group on Influenza. Pneumonia and respiratory failure from swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) in Mexico. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 680-689.
33. Diaz E, Martin-Loeches I, Canadell L, et al. H1N1 SEMICYUC-CIBERES-REIPI Working Group (GETGAG). Corticosteroid therapy in patients with primary viral pneumonia due to pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza. J Infect 2012; 64: 311-318.
34. Kumar A, Zarychanski R, Pinto R, et al. Canadian Critical Care Trials Group H1N1 Collaborative. Critically ill patients with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection in Canada. JAMA 2009; 302: 1872-1879.
35. Jain S, Kamimoto L, Bramley AM, et al. Hospitalized patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza in the United States, April-June 2009. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 1935-44.
36. Gomez-Gomez A, Magana-Aquino M, Garcia-Sepulveda CA, Severe pneumonia associated with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 outbreak, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 16. doi: 10.3201/eid1601.090941.
37. Kidd Im, Down J, Nastouli E, Shulman R, Grant PR, Howell DC, Singer M. H1N1 pneumonitis treated with intravenous zanamivir. Lancet 2009; 374: 1036.
38. Chang YS, van Hal SJ, Spencer PM, Gosbel IB, Collett PW. Comparison of adult patients hospitalized with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza and seasonal influenza during the "PROTECT" phase of the pandemic response. Med J Aust 2010, 192: 90-93.
39. Quispe-Laime AM, Bracco JD, Barberio PA, et al. H1N1 influenza A virus-associated acute lung injury: response to combination oseltamivir and prolonged corticosteroid treatment. Intensive Care Med 2010; 36: 33-41.
40. Yang S, Cao B, Liang L, Antiviral Therapy and Outcomes of Patients with Pneumonia Caused by Influenza A Pandemic (H1N1) Virus. PLoS ONE 2012; 7: e29652. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029652.
41. Myles P, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Sample MG, et al. Differences between asthmatics and non-asthmatics hospitalised with influenza A infection. Eur Respir J 2012 Aug 16 [Epub ahed of print].
42. Lee K, Rhim J, Kang J. Hyperactive immune cells (T cells) may be responsible for acute lung injury in influenza virus infections: A need for early immune-modulators for severe cases. Med Hypotheses 2011; 76: 64-69.
43. Martin-Loeches I, Lisboa T, Rhodes A, et al. The ESICM H1N1 Registry Contributors. Use of early corticosteroid therapy on ICU admission in patients affected by severe pandemic (H1N1)v influenza A infection. Intensive Care Med 2011; 37: 272-283.
44. Sun JJ, Li C, Wu DW, et al. Eighteen cases of 2009 influenza A H1N1 associated with respiratory failure in adults. Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing JJ Jiu Yi Xue 2010; 22: 156-160.
45. Chien YS, Su CP, Tsai HT, et al. Predictors and outcomes of respiratory failure among hospitalized pneumonia patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza in Taiwan. J Infect Dis 2010; 60: 168-74.
46. Rello J, Rodriguez A, Ibanez P, et al. H1N1 SEMICYUC Working Group. Intensive care adult patients with severe respiratory failure caused by influenza A (H1N1) in Spain. Crit Care 2009; 13: R148.
47. CDC estimates of 2009 H1N1 influenza cases, hospitalizations and deaths in the United States, April 2009- February 13, 2010. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010, Available: http://flu.gov/ individualfamily/about/h1n1/estimates-2009-h1n1.html. Accessed April 9, 2010.
48. Webb SAR, Seppelt IM for the ANZIC Influenza Investigators. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza ("swine flu") in Australian and New Zealand intensive care. Crit Care Resuscitation 2009; 11: 170-2.
49. Confalonieri M, Cifaldi R, Dreas L, Viviani M, Biolo M, Gabrielli M. Methylprednisolone infusion for life-threatening H1N1-virus infection. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2010; 4: 233-237.
50. Harvey S, Stevens K, Harrison D, et al. An evaluation of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of pulmonary artery catheters in patient management in intensive care: a systematic review and a randomised controlled trial. Health Technol Assess 2006; 10: iii-iv, ix-xi, 1-133.
51. Annane D. Pro: The Illegitimate Crusade against Corticosteroids for Severe H1N1 Pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183: 1125-1126.
52. Matthay MA, Liu KD. Con: Corticosteroids Are Not Indicated for Treatment of Acute Lung Injury from H1N1 Viral Pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183: 1127-1128.
53. Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America / American Thoracic Society (2007) Consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 44 (Suppl 2): S27-72.
54. American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator associated and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 17: 388-416.
55. Woodhead M, Blasi F, Ewig S, et al. Guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 17 (Suppl 6): E1-59.
56. Lim WS, Baudouin SV, George RC, et al. Guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: update 2009. Thorax 2009; 64 (Suppl III): iii1-iii55. doi: 10.1136/thx.2009.121434iii1.
57. Woodhead M. New guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections. Eur Respir J 2011; 38: 1250-1251.
58. Confalonieri M, Meduri GU. Glucocorticoid treatment in community-acquired pneumonia. Lancet 2011; 377: 1982-1983.
59. CRASH Trial Collaborators. Final results of MRC CRASH, a randomised placebo-controlled trial of intravenous corticosteroid in adults with head injury: outcomes at 6 months. Lancet 2005; 365: 1957-1959.
60. Roquilly A, Mahe PJ, Seguin P, et al. Hydrocortisone Therapy for Patients with Multiple Trauma: The Randomized Controlled HYPOLYTE Study. JAMA 2011, 305: 1201-1209.
61. Ranzani OT, Ferrer, M, Esperatti M, et al. Association between systemic corticosteroids and outcomes of intensive care unit-acquired pneumonia. Crit Care Med 2012; 40: 2552-2561.
62. Aleti VS, Yende S. Glucocorticoid therapy for trauma: ready for prime-time? Crit Care 2012; 16: 301. http://ccforum.com/content/16/1/301
63. Marik PE, Pastores S, Annane D, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of corticosteroid in- sufficiency in critical illness: recommendations of an international task force. Crit Care Med 2008; 36: 1937-1949.
64. Hamilton DD, Cotton BA. Cosyntropin as a diagnostic agent in the screening of patients for adrenocortical insufficiency. Clin Pharmacol Adv Appl 2010; 2: 77-82.
65. Remmelts HHF, Meijvis SCA, Kovaleva A, Biesma DH, Rijkers GT, Heijligenberg R. Changes in serum cortisol levels during community-acquired pneumonia: The influence of dexamethasone. Respir Med 2012; 106: 905-908.
66. Marik PE. Glucorticoids in sepsis: dissecting facts from fiction. Crit Care 2011; 15: 158. http://ccforum.com/content/15/3/158