When Does Overuse of Antibiotics Become a Tragedy of the Commons?

PLoS ONE

Volumn 7, Issue 12, 2012, Pages

  Porco, Travis C ^a,b,c   Gao, Daozhou ^a   Scott, James C ^d   Shim, Eunha ^e   Enanoria, Wayne T ^a,c   Galvani, Alison P ^f   Lietman, Thomas M ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d Colby College   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^f YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ARTICLE; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; COMPARTMENT MODEL; CONFLICT OF INTEREST; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG ABUSE; DRUG USE; HEALTH HAZARD; POPULATION DISPERSAL; PRESCRIPTION;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; DRUG RESISTANCE, MICROBIAL; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PHYSICIAN'S PRACTICE PATTERNS;

EID: 84870940351     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046505     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Travis J, (1994) Reviving the antibiotic miracle? Science 264: 360-362.
2. Cohen ML, (1992) Epidemiology of drug resistance: implications for a post-antimicrobial era. Science 257: 1050-1055.
3. Neu HC, (1992) The crisis in antibiotic resistance. Science 257: 1064-1073.
4. Levy SB, Marshall B, (2004) Antibacterial resistance worldwide: causes, challenges and responses. Nature, Medicine 10: S122-S129.
5. Hardin G, (1968) The tragedy of the commons. Science 162: 1243-1248.
6. Ostrom E, Walker J, Gardner R (1994) Rules, games, and common-pool resources. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
7. Levin BR, (2001) Minimizing potential resistance: a population dynamics view. Clinical Infectious Diseases 33 Suppl 3: S161-S169.
8. Lipsitch M, Samore MH, (2002) Antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance: a population perspective. Emerging Infectious Diseases 8: 347-354.
9. Baquero F, Campos J, (2003) The tragedy of the commons in antimicrobial chemotherapy. Revista española de quimioterapia 16: 11-13.
10. Foster KR, Grundmann H, (2006) Do we need to put society first? the potential for tragedy in antimicrobial resistance. PLoS Medicine 3: e29.
11. Conly J, (2010) Antimicrobial resistance: revisiting the "tragedy of the commons". Bulletin of the World Health Organization 88: 805-806.
12. Lipsitch M, (2001) Measuring and interpreting associations between antibiotic use and penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clinical Infectious Diseases 32: 1044-1054.
13. Livermore DM, (2005) Minimising antibiotic resistance. Lancet Infectious Diseases 5: 450-459.
14. Bangsberg DR, Porco TC, Kagay C, Charlebois ED, Deeks SG, et al. (2004) Modeling the HIV protease inhibitor adherence-resistance curve by use of empirically derived estimates. Journal of Infectious Diseases 190: 162-165.
15. Blower SM, Porco TC, Darby G, (1998) Predicting and preventing the emergence of antiviral drug resistance in HSV-2. Nature, Medicine 4: 673-678.
16. Blower SM, Gershengorn HB, Grant RM, (2000) A tale of two futures: HIV and antiretroviral therapy in San Francisco. Science 287: 650-654.
17. García-Rey C, Aguilar L, Baquero F, Casal J, Dal-Ré R, (2002) Importance of local variations in antibiotic consumption and geographical differences of erythromycin and penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40: 159-164.
18. Cizman M, (2003) The use and resistance to antibiotics in the community. International journal of antimicrobial agents 21: 297-307.
19. Leach AJ, Shelby-James TM, Mayo M, Gratten M, Laming AC, et al. (1997) A prospective study of the impact of community-based azithromycin treatment of trachoma on carriage and resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clinical Infectious Diseases 24: 356-362.
20. Chern KC, Shrestha SK, Cevallos V, Dhami HL, Tiwari P, et al. (1999) Alterations in the conjunctival bacterial ora following a single dose of azithromycin in a trachoma endemic area. British Journal of Ophthalmology 83: 1332-1335.
21. Fry AM, Jha HC, Lietman TM, Chaudhary J, Bhatta RC, et al. (2002) Adverse and beneficial secondary effects of mass treatment with azithromycin to eliminate blindness due to trachoma in Nepal. Clinical Infectious Diseases 35: 395-402.
22. Greenwood D, (1981) In vitro veritas? antimicrobial susceptibility tests and their clinical relevance. Journal of Infectious Diseases 144: 380-385.
23. Lorian V, Burns L, (1990) Predictive value of susceptibility tests for the outcome of antibacterial therapy. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 25: 175-181.
24. Lipsitch M, Cohen T, Murray M, Levin BR, (2007) Antiviral resistance and the control of pandemic inuenza. PLoS Medicine 4: e15.
25. Handel A, Longini IM, Antia R, (2009) Antiviral resistance and the control of pandemic inuenza: the roles of stochasticity, evolution and model details. Journal of Theoretical Biology 256: 117-125.
26. Oldfield EC III, Wallace MR, (2001) The role of antibiotics in the treatment of infectious diarrhea. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America 30: 817-836.
27. Wright TL, Avunduk C, Dienstag JL, Freston JW, Jacobson IM, et al. (2006) Advancing patient care: integrating new data. American Journal of Gastroenterology 101: S32-S39.
28. Brauer F, van den Driessche P, Wu J (2008) Mathematical Epidemiology. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
29. Pinsky P, Shonkwiler R, (1990) A gonorrhea model treating sensitive and resistant strains in a multigroup population. Mathematical Biosciences 98: 103-126.
30. Reluga TC, Galvani AP, (2011) A general approach for population games with application to vaccination. Mathematical Biosciences 230: 67-78.
31. Anderson RM, May RM (1991) Infectious diseases of humans. Dynamics and Control. Oxford: Oxford University.
32. Andersson DI, Levin BR, (1999) The biological cost of antibiotic resistance. Current Opinion in Microbiology 2: 489-493.
33. Maher MC, Alemayehu W, Lakew T, Gaynor BD, Haug S, et al. (2012) The fitness cost of antibiotic resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae: insights from the field. PLoS One 7: e29407.
34. Porco TC, Lloyd-Smith J, Gross K, Galvani A, (2005) The effect of treatment on pathogen virulence. Journal of Theoretical Biology 233: 91-102.
35. Keeling MJ, Rohani P (2008) Modeling infectious diseases in humans and animals. Princeton: Princeton University.
36. Ackleh AS, Allen LJS, (2005) Competitive exclusion in SIS and SIR epidemic models with total cross immunity and density-dependent host mortality. Discrete and continuous dynamical systems-Series B 5: 175-188.
37. Castillo-Chavez C, Huang W, Li J, (1999) Competitive exclusion and coexistence of multiple strains in an SIS STD model. SIAM Journal of Applied Mathematics 59: 1790-1811.
38. Telalagic S (2011) Optimal treatment of an SIS disease with two strains. Unpublished manuscript, http://www.edge-page.net/papers2011/SIS%20Two%20Strains%20-%20Selma%20Telalagic.pdf, accessed 16 December 2011.
39. Sage Mathematics Software (Version 4.4.2). The Sage Development Team. Available: http://www.sagemath.org. Accessed 19 September 2012.
40. Toman K (2004) How does drug resistance develop? In: Frieden T, editor, Toman's Tuberculosis. Case detection, treatment, and monitoring. Questions and Answers, Geneva: World Health Organization. pp. 193-194.
41. Wainberg MA, Friedland G, (1998) Public health implications of antiretroviral therapy and HIV drug resistance. Journal of the American Medical Association 279: 1977-1983.
42. Clavel F, Hance AJ, (2004) HIV drug resistance. New England Journal of Medicine 350: 1023-1035.
43. Kadioglu A, Weiser JN, Paton JC, Andrews PW, (2008) The role of Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factors in host respiratory colonization and disease. Nature Reviews Microbiology 6: 288-301.
44. Evans JR, Solomon AW, (2011) Antibiotics for trachoma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011: CD001860.
45. Porco TC, Gebre T, Ayele B, House J, Keenan J, et al. (2009) Effect of mass distribution of azithromycin for trachoma control on overall mortality in Ethiopian children: a randomized trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 302: 962-968.
46. Pilcher CD, Eron JJ Jr, Galvin S, Gay C, Cohen MS, (2004) Acute HIV revisited: new opportunities for treatment and prevention. Journal of Clinical Investigation 113: 937-945.
47. Hecht FM, Grant RM, Petropoulos CJ, Dillon B, Chesney MA, et al. (1998) Sexual transmission of an HIV-1 variant resistant to multiple reverse-transcriptase and protease inhibitors. New England Journal of Medicine 339: 307-311.
48. Grant RM, Hecht FM, Warmerdam M, Liu L, Liegler T, et al. (2002) Time trends in primary HIV-1 drug resistance among recently infected persons. Journal of the American Medical Association 288: 181-188.
49. Little SJ, Holte S, Routy JP, Daar ES, Markowitz M, et al. (2002) Antiretroviral drug resistance among patients recently infected with HIV. New England Journal of Medicine 347: 385-394.
50. Pearson ML, Jereb JA, Frieden TR, Crawford JT, Davis BJ, et al. (1992) Nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis. Annals of Internal Medicine 117: 191-196.
51. Andrews JR, Gandhi NR, Moodley P, Shah NS, Bohlken L, et al. (2008) Exogenous reinfection as a cause of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in rural south africa. Journal of Infectious Diseases 198: 1582-1589.
52. Banerjee R, Schecter GF, Flood J, Porco TC, (2008) Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: new strains, new challenges. Expert Reviews in Anti-infective therapy 6: 713-724.
53. Blower SM, Porco TC, Lietman TM (1998) Tuberculosis: the evolution of antibiotic resistance and the design of epidemic control strategies. In: Horn MA, Simonett G, Webb GF, editors, Mathematical Models in Medical and Health Science, Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press. pp. 51-72.
54. Shim E, Chapman G, Galvani AP, (2010) Decision making with regard to antiviral intervention during an inuenza pandemic. Medical Decision Making 30: E64-E81.
55. van den Driessche P, Watmough J, (2002) Reproduction numbers and sub-threshold endemic equilibria for compartmental models of disease transmission. Mathematical Biosciences 180: 29-48.
56. Fudenberg D, Tirole J (1991) Game Theory. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
57. Bauch CT, Earn DJD, (2004) Vaccination and the theory of games. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 101: 13391-13394.
58. Bauch CT, Galvani AP, Earn DJD, (2003) Group interest versus self-interest in smallpox vaccination policy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 100: 10564-10567.
59. Galvani AP, Reluga TC, Chapman GB, (2007) Long-standing inuenza vaccination policy is in accord with individual self-interest but not with the utilitarian optimum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 104: 5692-5697.
60. Handel A, Longini IM, Antia R, (2007) Neuraminidase inhibitor resistance in inuenza: assessing the danger of its generation and spread. PLoS Computational Biology 3: e240.
61. Anderson RM, Gupta S, May RM, (1991) Potential of community-wide chemotherapy or immunotherapy to control the spread of HIV-1. Nature 350: 356-359.
62. Granich RM, Gilks CF, Dye C, de Cock KM, Williams BG, (2009) Universal voluntary HIV testing with immediate antiretroviral therapy as a strategy for elimination of HIV transmission: a mathematical model. Lancet 373: 48-57.
63. Başar T, Olsder GJ (1999) Dynamic noncooperative game theory. Philadelphia: SIAM.
64. Levy SB, (1998) The challenge of antibiotic resistance. Scientific American 278: 46-53.
65. Lamport L, (1994) LaTeX a document preparation system: User's guide and reference. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley.