Anogenital distances in newborns and children from Spain and Greece: Predictors, tracking and reliability

Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology

Volumn 27, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 89-99

  Papadopoulou, Eleni ^a,b,c,e   Vafeiadi, Marina ^a,b,c   Agramunt, Silvia ^a   Basagaña, Xavier ^a,b   Mathianaki, Kleopatra ^f   Karakosta, Polykseni ^f   Spanaki, Arianna ^f   Koutis, Antonis ^f   Chatzi, Leda ^f   Vrijheid, Martine ^a,b,d   Kogevinas, Manolis ^a,b,d,e  

^a CENTRE FOR RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY CREAL   (Spain)

^b HOSPITAL DEL MAR   (Spain)

^c UNIVERSITAT POMPEU FABRA   (Spain)

^d CIBER EPIDEMIOLOGÍA Y SALUD PÚBLICA CIBERESP   (Spain)

^e NATIONAL SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (Greece)

^f UNIVERSITY OF CRETE   (Greece)

Author keywords

anogenital distance; cohort study; dioxins; endocrine disruption; environmental contaminants

Indexed keywords

ANOGENITAL DISTANCE; ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS; ANTHROPOMETRY; ANUS; ARTICLE; BIRTH WEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT; CHILD; CHILD GROWTH; CLITORIS; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; FEMALE; GESTATIONAL AGE; GREECE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INFANT; MALE; NEWBORN; PENIS; PREGNANCY; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; RELIABILITY; SCROTUM; SEX DIFFERENCE; SPAIN;

ANAL CANAL; ANTHROPOMETRY; BIRTH WEIGHT; COHORT STUDIES; DIOXINS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; FEMALE; GENITALIA, FEMALE; GENITALIA, MALE; GESTATIONAL AGE; GREECE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; PREGNANCY; PRENATAL EXPOSURE DELAYED EFFECTS; REFERENCE VALUES; SPAIN;

EID: 84870920770     PISSN: 02695022     EISSN: 13653016     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12022     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Gray LE, Ostby J, Furr J, Wolf CJ, Lambright C, Parks L, et al,. Effects of environmental antiandrogens on reproductive development in experimental animals. Human Reproduction Update 2001; 7: 248-264.
2. Hotchkiss AK, Lambright CS, Ostby JS, Parks-Saldutti L, Vandenbergh JG, Gray LE, Jr,. Prenatal testosterone exposure permanently masculinizes anogenital distance, nipple development, and reproductive tract morphology in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicological Science 2007; 96: 335-345.
3. Kratochwil K,. Development and loss of androgen responsiveness in the embryonic rudiment of the mouse mammary gland. Developmental Biology 1977; 61: 358-365.
4. Baum MJ, Woutersen PJ, Slob AK,. Sex difference in whole-body androgen content in rats on fetal days 18 and 19 without evidence that androgen passes from males to females. Biology of Reproduction 1991; 44: 747-751.
5. Bowman CJ, Barlow NJ, Turner KJ, Wallace DG, Foster PM,. Effects of in utero exposure to finasteride on androgen-dependent reproductive development in the male rat. Toxicological Science 2003; 74: 393-406.
6. Jin MH, Ko HK, Hong CH, Han SW,. In utero exposure to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin affects the development of reproductive system in mouse. Yonsei Medical Journal 2008; 49: 843-850.
7. Ohsako S, Miyabara Y, Nishimura N, Kurosawa S, Sakaue M, Ishimura R, et al,. Maternal exposure to a low dose of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) suppressed the development of reproductive organs of male rats: dose-dependent increase of mRNA levels of 5alpha-reductase type 2 in contrast to decrease of androgen receptor in the pubertal ventral prostate. Toxicological Science 2001; 60: 132-143.
8. Ohsako S, Miyabara Y, Sakaue M, Ishimura R, Kakeyama M, Izumi H, et al,. Developmental stage-specific effects of perinatal 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p- dioxin exposure on reproductive organs of male rat offspring. Toxicological Science 2002; 66: 283-292.
9. Ozkan B, Konak B, Cayir A, Konak M,. Anogenital distance in Turkish newborns. Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology 2011; 3: 122-125.
10. Romano-Riquer SP, Hernandez-Avila M, Gladen BC, Cupul-Uicab LA, Longnecker MP,. Reliability and determinants of anogenital distance and penis dimensions in male newborns from Chiapas, Mexico. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2007; 21: 219-228.
11. Salazar-Martinez E, Romano-Riquer P, Yanez-Marquez E, Longnecker MP, Hernandez-Avila M,. Anogenital distance in human male and female newborns: a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Environmental Health 2004; 3: 8.
12. Sathyanarayana S, Beard L, Zhou C, Grady R,. Measurement and correlates of ano-genital distance in healthy, newborn infants. International Journal of Andrology 2010; 33: 317-323.
13. Thankamony A, Ong KK, Dunger DB, Acerini CL, Hughes IA,. Anogenital distance from birth to 2 years: a population study. Environmental Health Perspectives 2009; 117: 1786-1790.
14. Huang PC, Kuo PL, Chou YY, Lin SJ, Lee CC,. Association between prenatal exposure to phthalates and the health of newborns. Environment International 2009; 35: 14-20.
15. Longnecker MP, Gladen BC, Cupul-Uicab LA, Romano-Riquer SP, Weber JP, Chapin RE, et al,. In utero exposure to the antiandrogen 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p- chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) in relation to anogenital distance in male newborns from Chiapas, Mexico. American Journal of Epidemiology 2007; 165: 1015-1022.
16. Suzuki Y, Yoshinaga J, Mizumoto Y, Serizawa S, Shiraishi H,. Foetal exposure to phthalate esters and anogenital distance in male newborns. International Journal of Andrology 2012; 35: 236-244.
17. Miao M, Yuan W, He Y, Zhou Z, Wang J, Gao E,. In utero exposure to bisphenol-A and anogenital distance of male offspring. Birth Defects Research. Part A, Clinical and Molecular Teratology 2011; 91: 867-872.
18. Swan SH, Main KM, Liu F, Stewart SL, Kruse RL, Calafat AM, et al,. Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives 2005; 113: 1056-1061.
19. Arnqvist G, Martensson T,. Measurement error in geometric morphometrics: empirical strategies to assess and reduse its impact on measures of shape. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 1998; 44: 73-96.
20. Merlo DF, Wild CP, Kogevinas M, Kyrtopoulos S, Kleinjans J,. NewGeneris: a European study on maternal diet during pregnancy and child health. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers& Prevention 2009; 18: 5-10.
21. Chatzi L, Plana E, Daraki V, Karakosta P, Alegkakis D, Tsatsanis C, et al,. Metabolic syndrome in early pregnancy and risk of preterm birth. American Journal of Epidemiology 2009; 170: 829-836.
22. Callegari C, Everett S, Ross M, Brasel JA,. Anogenital ratio: measure of fetal virilization in premature and full-term newborn infants. The Journal of Pediatrics 1987; 111: 240-243.
23. Westerway SC, Davison A, Cowell S,. Ultrasonic fetal measurements: new Australian standards for the new millennium. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2000; 40: 297-302.
24. Laenen A, Vangeneugden T, Geys H, Molenberghs G,. Generalized reliability estimation using repeated measurements. The British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 2006; 59: 113-131.
25. Lord FM, Novick ML,. Statistical Theories of Mental Health Scores. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing, 1968.
26. Torres-Sanchez L, Zepeda M, Cebrian ME, Belkind-Gerson J, Garcia-Hernandez RM, Belkind-Valdovinos U, et al,. Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy alters the anal position in male infants. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2008; 1140: 155-162.
27. Eisenberg ML, Hsieh MH, Walters RC, Krasnow R, Lipshultz LI,. The relationship between anogenital distance, fatherhood, and fertility in adult men. Plos ONE 2011; 6: e18973.
28. Mendiola J, Stahlhut RW, Jorgensen N, Liu F, Swan SH,. Shorter anogenital distance predicts poorer semen quality in young men in Rochester, New York. Environmental Health Perspectives 2011; 119: 958-963.
29. van den Driesche S, Scott HM, MacLeod DJ, Fisken M, Walker M, Sharpe RM,. Relative importance of prenatal and postnatal androgen action in determining growth of the penis and anogenital distance in the rat before, during and after puberty. International Journal of Andrology 2011; 34: e578-e586.
30. MacLeod DJ, Sharpe RM, Welsh M, Fisken M, Scott HM, Hutchison GR, et al,. Androgen action in the masculinization programming window and development of male reproductive organs. International Journal of Andrology 2011; 33: 279-287.
31. Welsh M, Saunders PT, Fisken M, Scott HM, Hutchison GR, Smith LB, et al,. Identification in rats of a programming window for reproductive tract masculinization, disruption of which leads to hypospadias and cryptorchidism. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 2008; 118: 1479-1490.
32. Chen SQ, Chen JN, Cai XH, Chen GR, Gao Y, Ge RS, et al,. Perinatal exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate leads to restricted growth and delayed lung maturation in newborn rats. Journal of Perinatal Medicine 2010; 38: 515-521.
33. Hertz-Picciotto I, Charles MJ, James RA, Keller JA, Willman E, Teplin S,. In utero polychlorinated biphenyl exposures in relation to fetal and early childhood growth. Epidemiology 2005; 16: 648-656.
34. Philippat C, Mortamais M, Chevrier C, Petit C, Calafat AM, Ye X, et al,. Exposure to phthalates and phenols during pregnancy and offspring size at birth. Environmental Health Perspectives 2011; 120: 464-470.
35. Ema M, Miyawaki E, Hirose A, Kamata E,. Decreased anogenital distance and increased incidence of undescended testes in fetuses of rats given monobenzyl phthalate, a major metabolite of butyl benzyl phthalate. Reproductive Toxicology 2003; 17: 407-412.
36. Gyekis J, Anthony K, Foreman JE, Klein LC, Vandenbergh DJ,. Perinatal nicotine exposure delays genital development in mice. Reproductive Toxicology 2010; 29: 378-380.
37. Marks GC, Habicht JP, Mueller WH,. Reliability, dependability, and precision of anthropometric measurements. The Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1976-1980. American Journal of Epidemiology 1989; 130: 578-587.
38. Johnson W, Cameron N, Dickson P, Emsley S, Raynor P, Seymour C, et al,. The reliability of routine anthropometric data collected by health workers: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2009; 46: 310-316.
39. Ulijaszek SJ, Kerr DA,. Anthropometric measurement error and the assessment of nutritional status. British Journal of Nutrition 1999; 82: 165-177.