Risk factors for revision of primary total hip arthroplasty: A systematic review

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

Volumn 13, Issue , 2012, Pages

  Prokopetz, Julian Jz ^a   Losina, Elena ^a,b,c   Bliss, Robin L ^d   Wright, John ^a,b   Baron, John A ^e   Katz, Jeffrey N ^a,b,f  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^d Veristat Inc   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^f HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

Aseptic loosening; Dislocation; Failure; Infection; Revision; Risk factor; Systematic review; Total hip arthroplasty

Indexed keywords

AVASCULAR NECROSIS; COMORBIDITY; DISLOCATION; FEMUR HEAD; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MEDLINE; OSTEOARTHRITIS; PREDICTOR VARIABLE; PROSTHESIS INFECTION; PROSTHESIS LOOSENING; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TOTAL HIP PROSTHESIS;

ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ARTHROPLASTY, REPLACEMENT, HIP; COMORBIDITY; FEMALE; HIP JOINT; HIP PROSTHESIS; HUMANS; JOINT DISEASES; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; ODDS RATIO; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; PROSTHESIS FAILURE; REOPERATION; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; SEX FACTORS; TIME FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84870912283     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712474     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-13-251     Document Type: Review

References (98)

1. Twenty-five-year survivorship of two thousand consecutive primary Charnley total hip replacements: factors affecting survivorship of acetabular and femoral components. Berry DJ, Harmsen WS, Cabanela ME, Morrey BF, J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002 84-A 2 171 177
2. Outcome after total hip arthroplasty: Part I. General health evaluation in relation to definition of failure in the Swedish National Total Hip Arthoplasty register. Soderman P, Malchau H, Herberts P, Acta Orthop Scand 2000 71 4 354 359
3. Outcome after total hip arthroplasty: Part II. Disease-specific follow-up and the Swedish National Total Hip Arthroplasty Register. Soderman P, Malchau H, Herberts P, Zugner R, Regner H, Garellick G, Acta Orthop Scand 2001 72 2 113 119
4. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD (2009). HCUPnet, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, United States Department of Health & Human Services 2009 http://hcupnet.ahrq.gov/
5. Economic burden of revision hip and knee arthroplasty in Medicare enrollees. Ong KL, Mowat FS, Chan N, Lau E, Halpern MT, Kurtz SM, Clin Orthop Relat Res 2006 446 22 28
6. Population-based rates of revision of primary total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review. Corbett KL, Losina E, Nti AA, Prokopetz JJ, Katz JN, PLoS One 2010 5 10 13520
7. Does regional anaesthesia improve outcome after total hip arthroplasty? A systematic review. Macfarlane AJ, Prasad GA, Chan VW, Brull R, Br J Anaesth 2009 103 3 335 345
8. Osteonecrosis is not a predictor of poor outcomes in primary total hip arthroplasty: a systematic literature review. Johannson HR, Zywiel MG, Marker DR, Jones LC, McGrath MS, Mont MA, Int Orthop 2010 35 4 465 473
9. Comparison of cemented and uncemented fixation in total hip replacement: a meta-analysis. Morshed S, Bozic KJ, Ries MD, Malchau H, Colford JM Jr, Acta Orthop 2007 78 3 315 326
10. Patient characteristics affecting the prognosis of total hip and knee joint arthroplasty: a systematic review. Santaguida PL, Hawker GA, Hudak PL, Glazier R, Mahomed NN, Kreder HJ, Coyte PC, Wright JG, Can J Surg 2008 51 6 428 436
11. Prosthesis survival after total hip arthroplasty-does surgical approach matter? Analysis of 19,304 Charnley and 6,002 Exeter primary total hip arthroplasties reported to the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register. Arthursson AJ, Furnes O, Espehaug B, Havelin LI, Soreide JA, Acta Orthop 2007 78 6 719 729
12. The epidemiology of revision total hip arthroplasty in the United States. Bozic KJ, Kurtz SM, Lau E, Ong K, Vail TP, Berry DJ, J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009 91 1 128 133
13. Uncemented and cemented primary total hip arthroplasty in the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register. Hailer NP, Garellick G, Karrholm J, Acta Orthop 2010 81 1 34 41
14. Incidence of hip replacement among national health insurance enrollees in Taiwan. Lai YS, Wei HW, Cheng CK, J Orthop Surg Res 2008 3 42
15. The influence of socioeconomic status on utilization and outcomes of elective total hip replacement: a multicity population-based longitudinal study. Agabiti N, Picciotto S, Cesaroni G, Bisanti L, Forastiere F, Onorati R, Pacelli B, Pandolfi P, Russo A, Spadea T, et al. Int J Qual Health Care 2007 19 1 37 44
16. Total hip arthroplasty with cement and use of a collared matte-finish femoral component: nineteen to twenty-year follow-up. Callaghan JJ, Liu SS, Firestone DE, Yehyawi TM, Goetz DD, Sullivan J, Vittetoe DA, O'Rourke MR, Johnston RC, J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008 90 2 299 306
17. What works best, a cemented or cementless primary total hip arthroplasty?: minimum 17-year followup of a randomized controlled trial. Corten K, Bourne RB, Charron KD, Au K, Rorabeck CH, Clin Orthop Relat Res 2011 469 1 209 217
18. Is the so-called 'French paradox' a reality?: long-term survival and migration of the Charnley-Kerboull stem cemented line-to-line. El Masri F, Kerboull L, Kerboull M, Courpied JP, Hamadouche M, J Bone Joint Surg Br 2010 92 3 342 348
19. Total hip arthroplasty for rheumatoid arthritis in younger patients: 2,557 replacements in the Finnish Arthroplasty Register followed for 0-24 years. Eskelinen A, Paavolainen P, Helenius I, Pulkkinen P, Remes V, Acta Orthop 2006 77 6 853 865
20. Total hip arthroplasty for primary osteoarthrosis in younger patients in the Finnish arthroplasty register. 4,661 primary replacements followed for 0-22 years. Eskelinen A, Remes V, Helenius I, Pulkkinen P, Nevalainen J, Paavolainen P, Acta Orthop 2005 76 1 28 41
21. Relationship between outcome and annual surgical experience for the charnley total hip replacement. Results from a regional hip register. Fender D, van der Meulen JH, Gregg PJ, J Bone Joint Surg Br 2003 85 2 187 190
22. Revision and complication rates in 654 Exeter total hip replacements, with a maximum follow-up of 20 years. Franklin J, Robertsson O, Gestsson J, Lohmander LS, Ingvarsson T, BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2003 4 6
23. Competing risks survival analysis applied to data from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry. Gillam MH, Ryan P, Graves SE, Miller LN, de Steiger RN, Salter A, Acta Orthop 2010 81 5 548 555
24. The 20-year outcome of the charnley arthroplasty in younger and older patients. Hartofilakidis G, Karachalios T, Karachalios G, Clin Orthop Relat Res 2005 434 177 182
25. The Nordic Arthroplasty Register Association: a unique collaboration between 3 national hip arthroplasty registries with 280,201 THRs. Havelin LI, Fenstad AM, Salomonsson R, Mehnert F, Furnes O, Overgaard S, Pedersen AB, Herberts P, Karrholm J, Garellick G, Acta Orthop 2009 80 4 393 401
26. Revision following cemented and uncemented primary total hip replacement: a seven-year analysis from the New Zealand Joint Registry. Hooper GJ, Rothwell AG, Stringer M, Frampton C, J Bone Joint Surg Br 2009 91 4 451 458
27. Patient-related predictors of implant failure after primary total hip replacement in the initial, short- and long-terms. A nationwide Danish follow-up study including 36,984 patients. Johnsen SP, Sorensen HT, Lucht U, Soballe K, Overgaard S, Pedersen AB, J Bone Joint Surg Br 2006 88 10 1303 1308
28. Long-term results of Charnley-Kerboull hip arthroplasty in patients younger than 50 years. Kerboull L, Hamadouche M, Courpied JP, Kerboull M, Clin Orthop Relat Res 2004 418 112 118
29. Early failures of total hip replacement: effect of surgeon volume. Losina E, Barrett J, Mahomed NN, Baron JA, Katz JN, Arthritis Rheum 2004 50 4 1338 1343
30. Total hip arthroplasty in patients 50 years and younger. McAuley JP, Szuszczewicz ES, Young A, Engh CA Sr, Clin Orthop Relat Res 2004 418 119 125
31. Thirty-year results of a prospective study of Charnley total hip arthroplasty by the posterior approach. Mullins MM, Norbury W, Dowell JK, Heywood-Waddington M, J Arthroplasty 2007 22 6 833 839
32. Charnley low-friction arthroplasty: a worldwide retrospective review at 15 to 20 years. Older J, J Arthroplasty 2002 17 6 675 680
33. Effect of procedure duration on total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty survivorship in the United States Medicare population. Ong KL, Lau E, Manley M, Kurtz SM, J Arthroplasty 2008 23 6 Suppl 1 127 132
34. Risk of subsequent revision after primary and revision total joint arthroplasty. Ong KL, Lau E, Suggs J, Kurtz SM, Manley MT, Clin Orthop Relat Res 2010 468 11 3070 3076
35. Provider volumes and early outcomes of primary total joint replacement in Ontario. Paterson JM, Williams JI, Kreder HJ, Mahomed NN, Gunraj N, Wang X, Laupacis A, Can J Surg 2010 53 3 175 183
36. The Finnish Arthroplasty Register: report of the hip register. Puolakka TJ, Pajamaki KJ, Halonen PJ, Pulkkinen PO, Paavolainen P, Nevalainen JK, Acta Orthop Scand 2001 72 5 433 441
37. First hip arthroplasty register in Italy: 55,000 cases and 7 year follow-up. Stea S, Bordini B, De Clerico M, Petropulacos K, Toni A, Int Orthop 2009 33 2 339 346
38. Medium- and long-term performance of 11,516 uncemented primary femoral stems from the Norwegian arthroplasty register. Hallan G, Lie SA, Furnes O, Engesaeter LB, Vollset SE, Havelin LI, J Bone Joint Surg Br 2007 89 12 1574 1580
39. Review of total hip replacement. The Middlemore Hospital experience, 1980-1991. Poon PC, Rennie J, Gray DH, N Z Med J 2001 114 1133 254 256
40. Risk factors for revision total hip arthroplasty: emphasis on the characteristics of Japanese lifestyle. Satoh M, Kawaguchi T, Masuhara K, Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2009 129 12 1707 1713
41. Introduction of total hip arthroplasty in Lithuania: results from the first 10 years. Tarasevicius S, Kesteris U, Robertsson O, Smailys A, Janusonis V, Wingstrand H, Acta Orthop 2007 78 4 454 457
42. Femoral head diameter affects the revision rate in total hip arthroplasty: an analysis of 1,720 hip replacements with 9-21 years of follow-up. Tarasevicius S, Kesteris U, Robertsson O, Wingstrand H, Acta Orthop 2006 77 5 706 709
43. Increasing risk of revision due to deep infection after hip arthroplasty. Dale H, Hallan G, Espehaug B, Havelin LI, Engesaeter LB, Acta Orthop 2009 80 6 639 645
44. Deep infection in total hip arthroplasty. Hamilton H, Jamieson J, Can J Surg 2008 51 2 111 117
45. Prosthetic joint infection risk after total hip arthroplasty in the Medicare population. Ong KL, Kurtz SM, Lau E, Bozic KJ, Berry DJ, Parvizi J, J Arthroplasty 2009 24 6 Suppl 105 109
46. Risk factors for revision due to infection after primary total hip arthroplasty. A population-based study of 80,756 primary procedures in the Danish Hip Arthroplasty Registry. Pedersen AB, Svendsson JE, Johnsen SP, Riis A, Overgaard S, Acta Orthop 2010 81 5 542 547
47. Risk factors for revision for early dislocation in total hip arthroplasty. Conroy JL, Whitehouse SL, Graves SE, Pratt NL, Ryan P, Crawford RW, J Arthroplasty 2008 23 6 867 872
48. Femoral head size is a risk factor for total hip luxation: a study of 42,987 primary hip arthroplasties from the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register. Bystrom S, Espehaug B, Furnes O, Havelin LI, Acta Orthop Scand 2003 74 5 514 524
49. Ceramic-on-ceramic bearing surface and risk of revision due to dislocation after primary total hip replacement. Sexton SA, Walter WL, Jackson MP, De Steiger R, Stanford T, J Bone Joint Surg Br 2009 91 11 1448 1453
50. The porous coated anatomic total hip replacement. A ten to fourteen-year follow-up study of a cementless total hip arthroplasty. Kawamura H, Dunbar MJ, Murray P, Bourne RB, Rorabeck CH, J Bone Joint Surg Am 2001 83-A 9 1333 1338
51. Factors affecting survival of uncemented total hip arthroplasty in patients 50 years or younger. Kearns SR, Jamal B, Rorabeck CH, Bourne RB, Clin Orthop Relat Res 2006 453 103 109
52. Total hip replacement in patients eighty years of age and older. Ogino D, Kawaji H, Konttinen L, Lehto M, Rantanen P, Malmivaara A, Konttinen YT, Salo J, J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008 90 9 1884 1890
53. Early failure of precoated femoral components in primary total hip arthroplasty. Ong A, Wong KL, Lai M, Garino JP, Steinberg ME, J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002 84-A 5 786 792
54. Risk of revision for infection in primary total hip and knee arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with osteoarthritis: a prospective, population-based study on 108,786 hip and knee joint arthroplasties from the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register. Schrama JC, Espehaug B, Hallan G, Engesaeter LB, Furnes O, Havelin LI, Fevang BT, Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2010 62 4 473 479
55. Is the long-term outcome of cemented THA jeopardized by patients being overweight? Haverkamp D, de Man FH, de Jong PT, van Stralen RA, Marti RK, Clin Orthop Relat Res 2008 466 5 1162 1168
56. The effect of obesity on the mid-term survival and clinical outcome of cementless total hip replacement. Jackson MP, Sexton SA, Yeung E, Walter WL, Walter WK, Zicat BA, J Bone Joint Surg Br 2009 91 10 1296 1300
57. Differences in outcomes of obese women and men undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty. Lubbeke A, Stern R, Garavaglia G, Zurcher L, Hoffmeyer P, Arthritis Rheum 2007 57 2 327 334
58. Relationships between body mass indices and surgical replacements of knee and hip joints. Wendelboe AM, Hegmann KT, Biggs JJ, Cox CM, Portmann AJ, Gildea JH, Gren LH, Lyon JL, Am J Prev Med 2003 25 4 290 295
59. The effect of obesity on the outcome of hip and knee arthroplasty. Yeung E, Jackson M, Sexton S, Walter W, Zicat B, Int Orthop 2011 35 6 929 934
60. Early aseptic loosening of cemented total hip arthroplasty: the influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and smoking. Malik MH, Gray J, Kay PR, Int Orthop 2004 28 4 211 213
61. Hip disease and the prognosis of total hip replacements. A review of 53,698 primary total hip replacements reported to the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register 1987-99. Furnes O, Lie SA, Espehaug B, Vollset SE, Engesaeter LB, Havelin LI, J Bone Joint Surg Br 2001 83 4 579 586
62. Survival of primary total hip arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Rud-Sorensen C, Pedersen AB, Johnsen SP, Riis AH, Overgaard S, Acta Orthop 2010 81 1 60 65
63. Primary Stanmore total hip arthroplasty with increased cup loosening in rheumatoid patients. van der Lugt JC, Onstenk R, Nelissen RG, Int Orthop 2003 27 5 291 293
64. Long-term results of cementless primary total hip arthroplasty with a threaded cup and a tapered, rectangular titanium stem in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Zwartele R, Peters A, Brouwers J, Olsthoorn P, Brand R, Doets C, Int Orthop 2008 32 5 581 587
65. A comparison between total hip replacement for osteonecrosis and degenerative joint disease. Steinberg ME, Lai M, Garino JP, Ong A, Wong KL, Orthopedics 2008 31 4 360
66. Total hip arthroplasty for congenital hip disease. Hartofilakidis G, Karachalios T, J Bone Joint Surg Am 2004 86-A 2 242 250
67. Implant survival after primary total hip arthroplasty due to childhood hip disorders: results from the Danish Hip Arthroplasty Registry. Thillemann TM, Pedersen AB, Johnsen SP, Soballe K, Acta Orthop 2008 79 6 769 776
68. Postoperative use of bisphosphonates and risk of revision after primary total hip arthroplasty: a nationwide population-based study. Thillemann TM, Pedersen AB, Mehnert F, Johnsen SP, Soballe K, Bone 2010 46 4 946 951
69. The concentric all-polyethylene Exeter acetabular component in primary total hip replacement. Veitch SW, Whitehouse SL, Howell JR, Hubble MJ, Gie GA, Timperley AJ, J Bone Joint Surg Br 2010 92 10 1351 1355
70. Risk of revision of a total hip replacement in patients with diabetes mellitus: a population-based follow up study. Pedersen AB, Mehnert F, Johnsen SP, Sorensen HT, J Bone Joint Surg Br 2010 92 7 929 934
71. Use of diuretics and risk of implant failure after primary total hip arthroplasty: a nationwide population-based study. Thillemann TM, Pedersen AB, Mehnert F, Johnsen SP, Soballe K, Bone 2009 45 3 499 504
72. The risk of revision after primary total hip arthroplasty among statin users: a nationwide population-based nested case-control study. Thillemann TM, Pedersen AB, Mehnert F, Johnsen SP, Soballe K, J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010 92 5 1063 1072
73. Simultaneous bilateral versus unilateral total hip arthroplasty an outcomes analysis. Berend ME, Ritter MA, Harty LD, Davis KE, Keating EM, Meding JB, Thong AE, J Arthroplasty 2005 20 4 421 426
74. Is one-stage bilateral sequential total hip replacement as safe as unilateral total hip replacement? Kim YH, Kwon OR, Kim JS, J Bone Joint Surg Br 2009 91 3 316 320
75. Dependency issues in survival analyses of 55,782 primary hip replacements from 47,355 patients. Lie SA, Engesaeter LB, Havelin LI, Gjessing HK, Vollset SE, Stat Med 2004 23 20 3227 3240
76. The role of hereditary hemochromatosis in aseptic loosening following primary total hip arthroplasty. Lunn JV, Gallagher PM, Hegarty S, Kaliszer M, Crowe J, Murray P, Bouchier-Hayes D, J Orthop Res 2005 23 3 542 548
77. Genetic susceptibility to hip arthroplasty failure-association with the RANK/OPG pathway. Malik MH, Bayat A, Jury F, Ollier WE, Kay PR, Int Orthop 2006 30 3 177 181
78. Genetic susceptibility to total hip arthroplasty failure: a preliminary study on the influence of matrix metalloproteinase 1, interleukin 6 polymorphisms and vitamin D receptor. Malik MH, Jury F, Bayat A, Ollier WE, Kay PR, Ann Rheum Dis 2007 66 8 1116 1120
79. Pregnancy and childbirth after total hip arthroplasty. Sierra RJ, Trousdale RT, Cabanela ME, J Bone Joint Surg Br 2005 87 1 21 24
80. Furlong hydroxyapatite-coated hip prosthesis vs the Charnley cemented hip prosthesis. Chandran P, Azzabi M, Miles J, Andrews M, Bradley J, J Arthroplasty 2010 25 1 52 57
81. Does cement increase the risk of infection in primary total hip arthroplasty? Revision rates in 56,275 cemented and uncemented primary THAs followed for 0-16 years in the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register. Engesaeter LB, Espehaug B, Lie SA, Furnes O, Havelin LI, Acta Orthop 2006 77 3 351 358
82. Total hip arthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis in patients fifty-five years of age or older. An analysis of the Finnish arthroplasty registry. Makela KT, Eskelinen A, Pulkkinen P, Paavolainen P, Remes V, J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008 90 10 2160 2170
83. Operating time and survival of primary total hip replacements: an analysis of 31,745 primary cemented and uncemented total hip replacements from local hospitals reported to the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register 1987-2001. Smabrekke A, Espehaug B, Havelin LI, Furnes O, Acta Orthop Scand 2004 75 5 524 532
84. Effect of alumina femoral head on clinical results in cemented total hip arthroplasty: old versus current alumina. Kawanabe K, Tanaka K, Tamura J, Shimizu M, Onishi E, Iida H, Nakamura T, J Orthop Sci 2005 10 4 378 384
85. Risk of complication and revision total hip arthroplasty among Medicare patients with different bearing surfaces. Bozic KJ, Ong K, Lau E, Kurtz SM, Vail TP, Rubash HE, Berry DJ, Clin Orthop Relat Res 2010 468 9 2357 2362
86. Metal-on-metal versus metal-on-polyethylene bearings in total hip arthroplasty: a matched case-control study. Naudie D, Roeder CP, Parvizi J, Berry DJ, Eggli S, Busato A, J Arthroplasty 2004 19 7 Suppl 2 35 41
87. Cemented total hip replacement cable debris and acetabular construct durability. Altenburg AJ, Callaghan JJ, Yehyawi TM, Pedersen DR, Liu SS, Leinen JA, Dahl KA, Goetz DD, Brown TD, Johnston RC, J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009 91 7 1664 1670
88. Weber rotation total hip replacement: a prospective 5- to 20-year followup study. de Jong PT, van der Vis HM, de Man FH, Marti RK, Clin Orthop Relat Res 2004 419 107 114
89. Antibiotic prophylaxis in total hip arthroplasty: effects of antibiotic prophylaxis systemically and in bone cement on the revision rate of 22,170 primary hip replacements followed 0-14 years in the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register. Engesaeter LB, Lie SA, Espehaug B, Furnes O, Vollset SE, Havelin LI, Acta Orthop Scand 2003 74 6 644 651
90. Charnley total hip arthroplasty with use of improved cementing techniques: a minimum twenty-year follow-up study. Klapach AS, Callaghan JJ, Goetz DD, Olejniczak JP, Johnston RC, J Bone Joint Surg Am 2001 83-A 12 1840 1848
91. The effects of surgical volumes and training centre status on outcomes following total joint replacement: analysis of the Hospital Episode Statistics for England. Judge A, Chard J, Learmonth I, Dieppe P, J Public Health (Oxf) 2006 28 2 116 124
92. Effect of volume on total hip arthroplasty revision rates in the United States Medicare population. Manley M, Ong K, Lau E, Kurtz SM, J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008 90 11 2446 2451
93. The trainer, the trainee and the surgeons' assistant: clinical outcomes following total hip replacement. Palan J, Gulati A, Andrew JG, Murray DW, Beard DJ, J Bone Joint Surg Br 2009 91 7 928 934
94. Long-term registration has improved the quality of hip replacement: a review of the Swedish THR Register comparing 160,000 cases. Herberts P, Malchau H, Acta Orthop Scand 2000 71 2 111 121
95. On the validity of the results from the Swedish National Total Hip Arthroplasty register. Soderman P, Acta Orthop Scand Suppl 2000 71 296 1 33
96. National Joint Replacement Registries: has the time come? Maloney WJ, J Bone Joint Surg Am 2001 83-A 10 1582 1585
97. Why do we need a national joint replacement registry in the United States? von Knoch F, Malchau H, Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 2009 38 10 500 503
98. The Difference Between "Significant" and "Not Significant" is not Itself Statistically Significant. Gelman A, Stern H, Am Stat 2006 60 4 328 331