Passwords Usage and Human Memory Limitations: A Survey across Age and Educational Background

PLoS ONE

Volumn 7, Issue 12, 2012, Pages

  Pilar, Denise Ranghetti ^a   Jaeger, Antonio ^a   Gomes, Carlos F A ^b   Stein, Lilian Milnitsky ^a  

^a PONTIFICAL CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL   (Brazil)

^b Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCESS TO INFORMATION; ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COMPUTER SECURITY; EDUCATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; LEARNING; MEMORY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AGING; DATA COLLECTION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MEMORY; MIDDLE AGED; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84870830753     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051067     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Porter SN, (1982) A password extension for improved human factors. Computers & Security 1: 54-56.
2. Armstrong L, (2002) And the password is... Business Week. 3785: 89.
3. Harada Y, Kuroki K, (1996) A study on the attitude and behavior of computer network users regarding security administration. Reports of National Research Institute of Police Science 37: 21-33.
4. Horowitz AS, (2001) Top 10 security mistakes. Computerworld 35: 38.
5. Morris R, Thompson K, (1979) Password security: A case history. Communications of the ACM 22: 594-597.
6. Zviran M, Haga WJ, (1993) A Comparison of Password Techniques for Multilevel Authentication Mechanisms. The Computer Journal 36: 227-237.
7. Brown SC, Craik F (2000) Encoding and retrieval of information. In Tulving E, Craik F, editors. The oxford handbook of memory. New York: Oxford University Press US. pp. 93-107.
8. Craik FIM, Lockhart RS, (1972) Levels of processing: a framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 11: 671-684.
9. Brainerd CJ, Reyna VF, (2002) Fuzzy-trace theory and false memory. Current Directions in Psychological Science 11: 164-169.
10. Reyna VF, Brainerd CJ, (1995) Fuzzy-trace theory- an interim synthesis. Learning And Individual Differences 7: 1-75.
11. Gardiner JM, Java RI, (1991) Forgetting in recognition memory with and without recollective experience. Memory & Cognition 19: 617-623.
12. Zhang J, Luo X, Akkaladevi S, Ziegelmayer J, (2009) Improving multiple-password recall: an empirical study. European Journal of Information Systems 18: 165-176.
13. Dempster FN, Brainerd CJ (1995) Interference and inhibition in cognition. San Diego, CA: Academmic Press.
14. Brown AS, Bracken E, Zoccoli S, Douglas K, (2004) Generating and remembering passwords. Applied Cognitive Psychology 18: 641-651.
15. Adams A, Sasse MA, (1999) Users are not the enemy. Communications of the ACM 42: 41-46.
16. Carstens D, McCauley-Bell P, Malone L, DeMara R, (2004) Evaluation of the human impact of password authentication practices on information security. Informing Science Journal 7: 67-85.
17. Zviran M, Haga WJ, (1999) Password security: An empirical study. Journal of Management Information Systems 15: 161-185.
18. Hoonakker P, Bornoe N, Carayon P (2009) Password authentication from a human factor perspective: results of a survey among end-users. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 53rd Annual Meeting.
19. Charoen D, Raman M, Olfman L, (2008) Improving end user behaviour in password utilization: an action research initiative. Systemic Practice and Action Research 21: 55-72.
20. Craik FIM, (1994) Memory changes in normal aging. Current Directions in Psychological Science 3: 155-158.
21. Park DC, Lautenschlager G, Hedden T, Davidson NS, Smith AD, et al. (2002) Models of visuospacial and verbal memory across the adult lifespan. Psychology and Aging 17: 299-320.
22. Grady CL, Craik FIM, (2000) Changes in memory processing with age. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 10: 224-231.
23. Old SR, Naveh-Benjamin M, (2008) Differential effects of aging on item and associative measures of memory: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging 23: 104-118.
24. Colsher PL, Wallace RB, (1991) Longitudinal application of cognitive function measures in a defined population of community-dwelling elders. Annals of Epidemiology 1: 215-230.
25. Evans DA, Beckett LA, Albert MS, Hebert LE, Scherr PA, et al. (1993) Level of education and change in cognitive function in a community population of older persons. Annals of Epidemiology 3: 71-77.
26. Leibovici D, Ritchie K, Ledésert B, Touchon J, (1996) Does the educational level determine the course of cognitive decline? Age and Ageing 25: 392-397.
27. Alley D, Suthers K, Crimmins E, (2007) Education and cognitive decline in older americans: Results from the AHEAD sample. Research on Aging 29: 73-94.
28. Barros RJ, Lee JW (2010) A new data set of educational attainment in the world, 1950-2010. The National Bureau of Economic Research, 15902.
29. Nyberg L, Backman L, Erngrund K, Olofsson U, Nilsson LG, (1996) Age differences in episodic memory, semantic memory, and priming: relationships to demographic, intellectual, and biological factors. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Series 4: 234-240.
30. Papalia DE, Olds SW, Feldman RD (2004) Human development. New York: McGraw Hill.
31. Dobbs AR, Rule BG, (1989) Adult age differences in working memory. Psychology and Aging 4: 500-503.
32. Ericsson KA, Kintsch W, (1995) Long-term working memory. Psychological Review 102: 211-245.
33. Adams A, Sasse MA, Lunt P (1997) Making passwords secure and usable. In Thimbleby H, O'Conaill, B, Thomas P, editors. People & computers xii (proceedings of hci'97). UK: Springer. pp. 1-19.
34. Yan J, Blackwell A, Anderson R, Grant A, (2004) Password memorability and security: Empirical results. Security & Privacy 1: 25-31.
35. Nelson D, Vu KPL, (2010) Effectiveness of image-based mnemonic techniques for enhancing the memorability and security of user-generated passwords. Computers in Human Behavior 26: 705-715.