메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 11, 2012, Pages

Brucella β 1,2 Cyclic Glucan Is an Activator of Human and Mouse Dendritic Cells

(19)  Martirosyan, Anna a,b   Pérez Gutierrez, Camino c   Banchereau, Romain d   Dutartre, Hélène d   Lecine, Patrick d   Dullaers, Melissa e   Mello, Marielle a,b   Pinto Salcedo, Suzana a,b   Muller, Alexandre a,b   Leserman, Lee a,b   Levy, Yves f,g,h   Zurawski, Gerard d   Zurawski, Sandy d   Moreno, Edgardo i,j   Moriyón, Ignacio k   Klechevsky, Eynav d,l   Banchereau, Jacques d,m   Oh, SangKon d   Gorvel, Jean Pierre a,b  

b INSERM   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERFERON; B7 ANTIGEN; BETA 1, 2 CYCLIC GLUCAN; BREFELDIN A; CD40 LIGAND; CD86 ANTIGEN; GAMMA INTERFERON; GLUCAN; INTERLEUKIN 12; INTERLEUKIN 13; INTERLEUKIN 17; INTERLEUKIN 4; IONOMYCIN; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN CLASS 2; MYELOID DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 88; PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTOR; PHOSPHORYL LIPID A; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR ADAPTOR MOLECULE 1; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 84870795497     PISSN: 15537366     EISSN: 15537374     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002983     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (36)

References (47)
  • 1
    • 0028178461 scopus 로고
    • Cyclic beta-glucans of members of the family Rhizobiaceae
    • Breedveld MW, Miller KJ, (1994) Cyclic beta-glucans of members of the family Rhizobiaceae. Microbiol Rev 58: 145-161.
    • (1994) Microbiol Rev , vol.58 , pp. 145-161
    • Breedveld, M.W.1    Miller, K.J.2
  • 2
    • 79951872380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evolutionary strategy for a stealthy intracellular Brucella pathogen
    • Martirosyan A, Moreno E, Gorvel JP, (2011) An evolutionary strategy for a stealthy intracellular Brucella pathogen. Immunol Rev 240: 211-234.
    • (2011) Immunol Rev , vol.240 , pp. 211-234
    • Martirosyan, A.1    Moreno, E.2    Gorvel, J.P.3
  • 3
    • 0037146657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brucella intracellular life: from invasion to intracellular replication
    • Gorvel JP, Moreno E, (2002) Brucella intracellular life: from invasion to intracellular replication. Vet Microbiol 90: 281-297.
    • (2002) Vet Microbiol , vol.90 , pp. 281-297
    • Gorvel, J.P.1    Moreno, E.2
  • 4
    • 0006987317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and characterization of cgs, the Brucella abortus cyclic beta(1-2) glucan synthetase gene: genetic complementation of Rhizobium meliloti ndvB and Agrobacterium tumefaciens chvB mutants
    • Inon de Iannino N, Briones G, Tolmasky M, Ugalde RA, (1998) Molecular cloning and characterization of cgs, the Brucella abortus cyclic beta(1-2) glucan synthetase gene: genetic complementation of Rhizobium meliloti ndvB and Agrobacterium tumefaciens chvB mutants. J Bacteriol 180: 4392-4400.
    • (1998) J Bacteriol , vol.180 , pp. 4392-4400
    • Inon de Iannino, N.1    Briones, G.2    Tolmasky, M.3    Ugalde, R.A.4
  • 5
    • 0034977174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brucella abortus cyclic beta-1,2-glucan mutants have reduced virulence in mice and are defective in intracellular replication in HeLa cells
    • Briones G, Inon de Iannino N, Roset M, Vigliocco A, Paulo PS, et al. (2001) Brucella abortus cyclic beta-1,2-glucan mutants have reduced virulence in mice and are defective in intracellular replication in HeLa cells. Infect Immun 69: 4528-4535.
    • (2001) Infect Immun , vol.69 , pp. 4528-4535
    • Briones, G.1    Inon de Iannino, N.2    Roset, M.3    Vigliocco, A.4    Paulo, P.S.5
  • 6
    • 20644470312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclic beta-1,2-glucan is a Brucella virulence factor required for intracellular survival
    • Arellano-Reynoso B, Lapaque N, Salcedo S, Briones G, Ciocchini AE, et al. (2005) Cyclic beta-1,2-glucan is a Brucella virulence factor required for intracellular survival. Nat Immunol 6: 618-625.
    • (2005) Nat Immunol , vol.6 , pp. 618-625
    • Arellano-Reynoso, B.1    Lapaque, N.2    Salcedo, S.3    Briones, G.4    Ciocchini, A.E.5
  • 7
    • 0346690258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-glucan functions as an adjuvant for monoclonal antibody immunotherapy by recruiting tumoricidal granulocytes as killer cells
    • Hong F, Hansen RD, Yan J, Allendorf DJ, Baran JT, et al. (2003) Beta-glucan functions as an adjuvant for monoclonal antibody immunotherapy by recruiting tumoricidal granulocytes as killer cells. Cancer Res 63: 9023-9031.
    • (2003) Cancer Res , vol.63 , pp. 9023-9031
    • Hong, F.1    Hansen, R.D.2    Yan, J.3    Allendorf, D.J.4    Baran, J.T.5
  • 9
    • 33748559489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of beta-glucan extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance, and immunological and somatotropic responses of pigs challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide
    • Li J, Li DF, Xing JJ, Cheng ZB, Lai CH, (2006) Effects of beta-glucan extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance, and immunological and somatotropic responses of pigs challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. J Anim Sci 84: 2374-2381.
    • (2006) J Anim Sci , vol.84 , pp. 2374-2381
    • Li, J.1    Li, D.F.2    Xing, J.J.3    Cheng, Z.B.4    Lai, C.H.5
  • 10
    • 0033964815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effect of beta-glucan against systemic Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in mice
    • Hetland G, Ohno N, Aaberge IS, Lovik M, (2000) Protective effect of beta-glucan against systemic Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in mice. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 27: 111-116.
    • (2000) FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol , vol.27 , pp. 111-116
    • Hetland, G.1    Ohno, N.2    Aaberge, I.S.3    Lovik, M.4
  • 11
    • 0031775817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effect of beta-glucan against mycobacterium bovis, BCG infection in BALB/c mice
    • Hetland G, Lovik M, Wiker HG, (1998) Protective effect of beta-glucan against mycobacterium bovis, BCG infection in BALB/c mice. Scand J Immunol 47: 548-553.
    • (1998) Scand J Immunol , vol.47 , pp. 548-553
    • Hetland, G.1    Lovik, M.2    Wiker, H.G.3
  • 12
    • 0032477308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced clearance of a multiple antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus in rats treated with PGG-glucan is associated with increased leukocyte counts and increased neutrophil oxidative burst activity
    • Liang J, Melican D, Cafro L, Palace G, Fisette L, et al. (1998) Enhanced clearance of a multiple antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus in rats treated with PGG-glucan is associated with increased leukocyte counts and increased neutrophil oxidative burst activity. Int J Immunopharmacol 20: 595-614.
    • (1998) Int J Immunopharmacol , vol.20 , pp. 595-614
    • Liang, J.1    Melican, D.2    Cafro, L.3    Palace, G.4    Fisette, L.5
  • 13
    • 15944378168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune recognition of fungal beta-glucans
    • Brown GD, Gordon S, (2005) Immune recognition of fungal beta-glucans. Cell Microbiol 7: 471-479.
    • (2005) Cell Microbiol , vol.7 , pp. 471-479
    • Brown, G.D.1    Gordon, S.2
  • 14
    • 67649823470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-glucan recognition by the innate immune system
    • Goodridge HS, Wolf AJ, Underhill DM, (2009) Beta-glucan recognition by the innate immune system. Immunol Rev 230: 38-50.
    • (2009) Immunol Rev , vol.230 , pp. 38-50
    • Goodridge, H.S.1    Wolf, A.J.2    Underhill, D.M.3
  • 16
    • 7044263390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaccine adjuvants: current state and future trends
    • Petrovsky N, Aguilar JC, (2004) Vaccine adjuvants: current state and future trends. Immunology and cell biology 82: 488-496.
    • (2004) Immunology and Cell Biology , vol.82 , pp. 488-496
    • Petrovsky, N.1    Aguilar, J.C.2
  • 17
    • 56649108016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engagement of TLR signaling as adjuvant: towards smarter vaccine and beyond
    • Lahiri A, Das P, Chakravortty D, (2008) Engagement of TLR signaling as adjuvant: towards smarter vaccine and beyond. Vaccine 26: 6777-6783.
    • (2008) Vaccine , vol.26 , pp. 6777-6783
    • Lahiri, A.1    Das, P.2    Chakravortty, D.3
  • 18
    • 67049173026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunology of TLR-independent vaccine adjuvants
    • De Gregorio E, D'Oro U, Wack A, (2009) Immunology of TLR-independent vaccine adjuvants. Curr Opin Immunol 21: 339-345.
    • (2009) Curr Opin Immunol , vol.21 , pp. 339-345
    • de Gregorio, E.1    D'Oro, U.2    Wack, A.3
  • 19
    • 40349103656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brucella control of dendritic cell maturation is dependent on the TIR-containing protein Btp1
    • Salcedo SP, Marchesini MI, Lelouard H, Fugier E, Jolly G, et al. (2008) Brucella control of dendritic cell maturation is dependent on the TIR-containing protein Btp1. PLoS Pathog 4: e21.
    • (2008) PLoS Pathog , vol.4
    • Salcedo, S.P.1    Marchesini, M.I.2    Lelouard, H.3    Fugier, E.4    Jolly, G.5
  • 20
    • 0034192848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osmoregulated periplasmic glucans in Proteobacteria
    • Bohin JP, (2000) Osmoregulated periplasmic glucans in Proteobacteria. FEMS Microbiol Lett 186: 11-19.
    • (2000) FEMS Microbiol Lett , vol.186 , pp. 11-19
    • Bohin, J.P.1
  • 21
    • 33745919508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Brucella abortus cyclic beta-1,2-glucan virulence factor is substituted with O-ester-linked succinyl residues
    • Roset MS, Ciocchini AE, Ugalde RA, Inon de Iannino N, (2006) The Brucella abortus cyclic beta-1,2-glucan virulence factor is substituted with O-ester-linked succinyl residues. J Bacteriol 188: 5003-5013.
    • (2006) J Bacteriol , vol.188 , pp. 5003-5013
    • Roset, M.S.1    Ciocchini, A.E.2    Ugalde, R.A.3    Inon de Iannino, N.4
  • 22
    • 33646843444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ligands for the beta-glucan receptor, Dectin-1, assigned using "designer" microarrays of oligosaccharide probes (neoglycolipids) generated from glucan polysaccharides
    • Palma AS, Feizi T, Zhang Y, Stoll MS, Lawson AM, et al. (2006) Ligands for the beta-glucan receptor, Dectin-1, assigned using "designer" microarrays of oligosaccharide probes (neoglycolipids) generated from glucan polysaccharides. J Biol Chem 281: 5771-5779.
    • (2006) J Biol Chem , vol.281 , pp. 5771-5779
    • Palma, A.S.1    Feizi, T.2    Zhang, Y.3    Stoll, M.S.4    Lawson, A.M.5
  • 23
    • 33747036397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Card9 controls a non-TLR signalling pathway for innate anti-fungal immunity
    • Gross O, Gewies A, Finger K, Schafer M, Sparwasser T, et al. (2006) Card9 controls a non-TLR signalling pathway for innate anti-fungal immunity. Nature 442: 651-656.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.442 , pp. 651-656
    • Gross, O.1    Gewies, A.2    Finger, K.3    Schafer, M.4    Sparwasser, T.5
  • 24
    • 1642370060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral infection and Toll-like receptor agonists induce a differential expression of type I and lambda interferons in human plasmacytoid and monocyte-derived dendritic cells
    • Coccia EM, Severa M, Giacomini E, Monneron D, Remoli ME, et al. (2004) Viral infection and Toll-like receptor agonists induce a differential expression of type I and lambda interferons in human plasmacytoid and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol 34: 796-805.
    • (2004) Eur J Immunol , vol.34 , pp. 796-805
    • Coccia, E.M.1    Severa, M.2    Giacomini, E.3    Monneron, D.4    Remoli, M.E.5
  • 25
    • 3242759674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of IFN regulatory factor-7 and IFN-alpha production by enveloped virus and lipopolysaccharide in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells
    • Dai J, Megjugorac NJ, Amrute SB, Fitzgerald-Bocarsly P, (2004) Regulation of IFN regulatory factor-7 and IFN-alpha production by enveloped virus and lipopolysaccharide in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. J Immunol 173: 1535-1548.
    • (2004) J Immunol , vol.173 , pp. 1535-1548
    • Dai, J.1    Megjugorac, N.J.2    Amrute, S.B.3    Fitzgerald-Bocarsly, P.4
  • 26
    • 77956399496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical advance: Generation of human pDC equivalents from primary monocytes using Flt3-L and their functional validation under hypoxia
    • Sekar D, Brune B, Weigert A, (2010) Technical advance: Generation of human pDC equivalents from primary monocytes using Flt3-L and their functional validation under hypoxia. J Leukoc Biol 88: 413-424.
    • (2010) J Leukoc Biol , vol.88 , pp. 413-424
    • Sekar, D.1    Brune, B.2    Weigert, A.3
  • 28
    • 51349093240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional specializations of human epidermal Langerhans cells and CD14+ dermal dendritic cells
    • Klechevsky E, Morita R, Liu M, Cao Y, Coquery S, et al. (2008) Functional specializations of human epidermal Langerhans cells and CD14+ dermal dendritic cells. Immunity 29: 497-510.
    • (2008) Immunity , vol.29 , pp. 497-510
    • Klechevsky, E.1    Morita, R.2    Liu, M.3    Cao, Y.4    Coquery, S.5
  • 29
    • 77956608213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-priming CD8+ T cells by targeting antigens to human dendritic cells through DCIR
    • Klechevsky E, Flamar AL, Cao Y, Blanck JP, Liu M, et al. (2010) Cross-priming CD8+ T cells by targeting antigens to human dendritic cells through DCIR. Blood 116: 1685-1697.
    • (2010) Blood , vol.116 , pp. 1685-1697
    • Klechevsky, E.1    Flamar, A.L.2    Cao, Y.3    Blanck, J.P.4    Liu, M.5
  • 31
    • 79956079190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunological mechanisms of vaccination
    • Pulendran B, Ahmed R, (2011) Immunological mechanisms of vaccination. Nature Immunol 12: 509-517.
    • (2011) Nature Immunol , vol.12 , pp. 509-517
    • Pulendran, B.1    Ahmed, R.2
  • 32
    • 0035838984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendritic cells: specialized and regulated antigen processing machines
    • Mellman I, Steinman RM, (2001) Dendritic cells: specialized and regulated antigen processing machines. Cell 106: 255-258.
    • (2001) Cell , vol.106 , pp. 255-258
    • Mellman, I.1    Steinman, R.M.2
  • 33
    • 0348135024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendritic-cell control of pathogen-driven T-cell polarization
    • Kapsenberg ML, (2003) Dendritic-cell control of pathogen-driven T-cell polarization. Nature Rev Immunol 3: 984-993.
    • (2003) Nature Rev Immunol , vol.3 , pp. 984-993
    • Kapsenberg, M.L.1
  • 34
    • 80052305941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Toll-like receptor 4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid a augments innate host resistance to systemic bacterial infection
    • Romero CD, Varma TK, Hobbs JB, Reyes A, Driver B, et al. (2011) The Toll-like receptor 4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid a augments innate host resistance to systemic bacterial infection. Infect Immun 79: 3576-3587.
    • (2011) Infect Immun , vol.79 , pp. 3576-3587
    • Romero, C.D.1    Varma, T.K.2    Hobbs, J.B.3    Reyes, A.4    Driver, B.5
  • 35
    • 65649136248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of tolerogenic vs immunogenic dendritic cells (DCs) in the presence of GM-CSF is regulated by the strength of signaling from monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) in association with glutathione and fetal hemoglobin gamma-chain
    • Khatri I, Alexander C, Brandenburg K, Fournier K, Mach JP, et al. (2009) Induction of tolerogenic vs immunogenic dendritic cells (DCs) in the presence of GM-CSF is regulated by the strength of signaling from monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) in association with glutathione and fetal hemoglobin gamma-chain. Immunol Lett 124: 44-49.
    • (2009) Immunol Lett , vol.124 , pp. 44-49
    • Khatri, I.1    Alexander, C.2    Brandenburg, K.3    Fournier, K.4    Mach, J.P.5
  • 36
    • 84862601432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic Roles of Type I and Type II IFNs in Early Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    • Desvignes L, Wolf AJ, Ernst JD, (2012) Dynamic Roles of Type I and Type II IFNs in Early Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Immunol 188: 6205-15.
    • (2012) J Immunol , vol.188 , pp. 6205-6215
    • Desvignes, L.1    Wolf, A.J.2    Ernst, J.D.3
  • 37
    • 78650308146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrauterine infection/inflammation and perinatal brain damage: role of glial cells and Toll-like receptor signaling
    • Yuan TM, Sun Y, Zhan CY, Yu HM, (2010) Intrauterine infection/inflammation and perinatal brain damage: role of glial cells and Toll-like receptor signaling. J Neuroimmunol 229: 16-25.
    • (2010) J Neuroimmunol , vol.229 , pp. 16-25
    • Yuan, T.M.1    Sun, Y.2    Zhan, C.Y.3    Yu, H.M.4
  • 38
    • 33846516538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TLR4, ethanol, and lipid rafts: a new mechanism of ethanol action with implications for other receptor-mediated effects
    • Szabo G, Dolganiuc A, Dai Q, Pruett SB, (2007) TLR4, ethanol, and lipid rafts: a new mechanism of ethanol action with implications for other receptor-mediated effects. J Immunol 178: 1243-1249.
    • (2007) J Immunol , vol.178 , pp. 1243-1249
    • Szabo, G.1    Dolganiuc, A.2    Dai, Q.3    Pruett, S.B.4
  • 40
    • 32944471107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogen-specific TLR signaling in mucosa: mutual contribution of microbial TLR agonists and virulence factors
    • Sirard JC, Bayardo M, Didierlaurent A, (2006) Pathogen-specific TLR signaling in mucosa: mutual contribution of microbial TLR agonists and virulence factors. Eur J Immunol 36: 260-263.
    • (2006) Eur J Immunol , vol.36 , pp. 260-263
    • Sirard, J.C.1    Bayardo, M.2    Didierlaurent, A.3
  • 41
    • 0037046536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient aggregation of ubiquitinated proteins during dendritic cell maturation
    • Lelouard H, Gatti E, Cappello F, Gresser O, Camosseto V, et al. (2002) Transient aggregation of ubiquitinated proteins during dendritic cell maturation. Nature 417: 177-182.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.417 , pp. 177-182
    • Lelouard, H.1    Gatti, E.2    Cappello, F.3    Gresser, O.4    Camosseto, V.5
  • 42
    • 0030039647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis native haptens as outer membrane O-type polysaccharides independent from the smooth lipopolysaccharide
    • Aragon V, Diaz R, Moreno E, Moriyon I, (1996) Characterization of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis native haptens as outer membrane O-type polysaccharides independent from the smooth lipopolysaccharide. J Bacteriol 178: 1070-1079.
    • (1996) J Bacteriol , vol.178 , pp. 1070-1079
    • Aragon, V.1    Diaz, R.2    Moreno, E.3    Moriyon, I.4
  • 43
    • 0026481133 scopus 로고
    • Generation of large numbers of dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow cultures supplemented with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor
    • Inaba K, Inaba M, Romani N, Aya H, Deguchi M, et al. (1992) Generation of large numbers of dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow cultures supplemented with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Exp Med 176: 1693-1702.
    • (1992) J Exp Med , vol.176 , pp. 1693-1702
    • Inaba, K.1    Inaba, M.2    Romani, N.3    Aya, H.4    Deguchi, M.5
  • 44
    • 14544308857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective blockade of inhibitory Fcgamma receptor enables human dendritic cell maturation with IL-12p70 production and immunity to antibody-coated tumor cells
    • Dhodapkar KM, Kaufman JL, Ehlers M, Banerjee DK, Bonvini E, et al. (2005) Selective blockade of inhibitory Fcgamma receptor enables human dendritic cell maturation with IL-12p70 production and immunity to antibody-coated tumor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102: 2910-2915.
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.102 , pp. 2910-2915
    • Dhodapkar, K.M.1    Kaufman, J.L.2    Ehlers, M.3    Banerjee, D.K.4    Bonvini, E.5
  • 45
    • 36749034256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A glycosyltransferase with a length-controlling activity as a mechanism to regulate the size of polysaccharides
    • Ciocchini AE, Guidolin LS, Casabuono AC, Couto AS, de Iannino NI, et al. (2007) A glycosyltransferase with a length-controlling activity as a mechanism to regulate the size of polysaccharides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104: 16492-16497.
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.104 , pp. 16492-16497
    • Ciocchini, A.E.1    Guidolin, L.S.2    Casabuono, A.C.3    Couto, A.S.4    de Iannino, N.I.5
  • 47
    • 0019460649 scopus 로고
    • Immunochemical characterization of Brucella lipopolysaccharides and polysaccharides
    • Moreno E, Speth SL, Jones LM, Berman DT, (1981) Immunochemical characterization of Brucella lipopolysaccharides and polysaccharides. Infect Immun 31: 214-222.
    • (1981) Infect Immun , vol.31 , pp. 214-222
    • Moreno, E.1    Speth, S.L.2    Jones, L.M.3    Berman, D.T.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.