Analysis of the performance of domestic lighting lamps

Energy Policy

Volumn 52, Issue , 2013, Pages 482-500

  Aman, M M ^a   Jasmon, G B ^a   Mokhlis, H ^a   Bakar, A H A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

Life cycle assessment; Lighting lamps; Power consumption

Indexed keywords

ARTIFICIAL LIGHT; COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMP; COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS; CURRENT PACE; CURRENT TECHNOLOGY; ENERGY EFFICIENT; FUTURE ENERGIES; LAMP TECHNOLOGY; LED LAMPS; LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA); LIGHTING DESIGNS; LIGHTING MARKET; POWER SHORTAGE;

COMMERCE; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; ELECTRIC POWER UTILIZATION; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; ENERGY POLICY; FLUORESCENT LAMPS; INCANDESCENT LAMPS; LIFE CYCLE; LIGHTING;

LIGHT EMITTING DIODES;

COMPARATIVE STUDY; DEVELOPING WORLD; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; ENERGY POLICY; GUIDELINE; LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS; PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; POWER GENERATION; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;

EID: 84870714726     PISSN: 03014215     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.09.068     Document Type: Article

References (101)

1. Akashi, Y., 2002. T5 Fluorescent Systems. The Lighting Research Center, National Lighting Product Information Program (NLPIP). Available from: (Access on: 5 August 2012). http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/nlpip/publicationdetails.asp?id=284&type=2.
2. ANSI, 2005. Nomenclature and Definitions for Illuminating Engineering. American National Standard Institute. Available from: (Access on: 5 August 2012). http://www.iesna.org/PDF/Erratas/RP_16_05addendumB.pdf.
3. Aries M.B.C., Newsham G.R. Effect of daylight saving time on lighting energy use: a literature review. Energy Policy 2008, 36:1858-1866.
4. Bakri S., Ramasamy R., Surif S. Life cycle assessment of magnetic and electronic ballast for 36-W fluorescent lamp. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 2010, 15:837-841.
5. Belizza J.R.-M., Claudia S.-P. Electricity sector reforms in four Latin-American countries and their impact on carbon dioxide emissions and renewable energy. Energy Policy 2010, 38:6755-6766.
6. Bladh M., Krantz H. Towards a bright future? Household use of electric light: a microlevel study. Energy Policy 2008, 36:3521-3530.
7. Brunner E.J., Ford P.S., McNulty M.A., Thayer M.A. Compact fluorescent lighting and residential natural gas consumption: testing for interactive effects. Energy Policy 2010, 38:1288-1296.
8. Cai R., Cobben J.F.G., Myrzik J.M.A., Blom J.H., Kling W.L. Flicker responses of different lamp types. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 2009, 3:816-824.
9. CIE, 2012. LED Bulb placement Meeting New Challenges. Components in Electronics. Available from: (Access on: 5 August 2012). http://content.yudu.com/A1wimc/CIEApril12/resources/52.htm.
10. Derek P. Lighting Modern Buildings 2000, Architectural Press.
11. DIALux Website, DIALux website. Available from: (Access on: 13 September 2012). http://www.dial.de/DIAL/en/dialux-international-download.html.
12. DoE, 2009. LED Measurement Series: Luminaire Efficacy. Solid-State Lighting Program: U.S. Department of Energy. Available from: (Access on: 5 August 2012). http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/luminaire_efficacy.pdf.
13. DoE, 2011a. Energy Conservation Standards for Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts. Available from: (Access on: 15 August 2012). http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/residential/pdfs/flb_nopr_tsd_ch03_market_and_tech.pdf.
14. DoE, 2011b. LED Luminaire Lifetime: Recommendations for Testing and Reporting. Solid-State Lighting Program: U.S. Department of Energy. Available from: (Access on: 27 July 2012). http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/led_luminaire-lifetime-guide_june2011.pdf.
15. DoE, 2011c. LED Luminaire Reliability. Solid-State Lighting Program: U.S. Department of Energy. Available from: (Access on: 5 August 2012). http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/luminaire_reliability.pdf.
16. DoE, 2011d. Lifetime of White LEDs. Solid-State Lighting Program: U.S. Department of Energy. Available from: (Access on: 18 July 2012). http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/lifetime_white_leds.pdf.
17. DoE, 2011e. Lighting. Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. US Department of Energy. Available from: (Access on: 25 July 2012). http://www.eere.energy.gov/basics/buildings/lighting.html.
18. DoE, 2012a. 2010 U.S. Lighting Market Characterization. Solid-State Lighting Program: U.S. Department of Energy. Available from: (Access on: 1 August 2012). http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/2010-lmc-final-jan-2012.pdf.
19. DoE, 2012b. CALiPER Program Supports Unbiased Testing, Promotes Consumer Confidence. Solid-State Lighting Program: U.S. Department of Energy. Available from: (Access on: 5 July 2012). http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/caliper_jan2012_factsheet.pdf.
20. DoE, 2012c. Energy Savings Potential of Solid-State Lighting in General Illumination Applications. Solid-State Lighting Program: U.S. Department of Energy. Available from: (Access on: 27 July 2012). http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/ssl2012_energysavings_factsheet.pdf.
21. DoE, 2012d. L Prize Winner Media Kit. Solid-State Lighting Program: U.S. Department of Energy. Available from: (Access on: 25 July 2012). http://www.lightingprize.org/pdfs/LPrize-winner_media-kit.pdf.
22. DoE, 2012e. LED Basics. Solid-State Lighting Program: U.S. Department of Energy. Available from: (Access on: 15 July 2012). http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/sslbasics_ledbasics.html.
23. DoE, 2012f. Life-Cycle Assessment of Energy and Environmental Impacts of LED Lighting Products (Part 1: Review of the Life-Cycle Energy Consumption of Incandescent, Compact Fluorescent, and LED Lamps). Solid-State Lighting Program: U.S. Department of Energy Available from: (Access on: 1 August 2012). http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/2012_LED_Lifecycle_Report.pdf.
24. DoE, 2012g. Life-Cycle Assessment of Energy and Environmental Impacts of LED Lighting Products (Part 2: LED Manufacturing and Performance). Solid-State Lighting Program: U.S. Department of Energy. Available from: (Access on: 1 August 2012). http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/2012_led_lca-pt2.pdf.
25. DoE, 2012h. Multi-Year Program Plan. Solid-State Lighting Research and Development. Solid-State Lighting Program: U.S. Department of Energy. Available from: (Access on: 29 July 2012). http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/ssl_mypp2012_web.pdf.
26. Duff J.T., Kelly K., Cantwell T. Evaluating Domestic Lighting: An Investigation Into the use of Compact Fluorescent Lamps in the Domestic Environment 2011, LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.
27. ECEEE, 2011. Evaluating the Potential of Halogen Technologies. European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy. Available from: (Access on: 27 July 2012). http://www.eceee.org/Eco_design/products/directional_lighting/halogen_technologies_report/eceee_report_halogen_technologies.
28. ECN Magazine, 2011. Power Factor Correction Techniques in LED Lighting. Available from: (Access on: 22 September 2012). http://www.ecnmag.com/products/2011/08/power-factor-correction-techniques-led-lighting.
29. EIA, 2011. Light bulb Standards Begin Taking Effect in 2012. Available from: (Access on: 20 July 2012). http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=4150.
30. Ek K., Söderholm P. The devil is in the details: household electricity saving behavior and the role of information. Energy Policy 2010, 38:1578-1587.
31. ELCFED, 2007. Fast Cycle Testing of Fluorescent Self-Ballasted Lamps (Position Paper by European lamp companies federation. Available from: (Access on: 1 August 2012). http://www.elcfed.org/documents/070126_ELC%20position%20paper%20on%20fast%20cycle%20testing.pdf.
32. EPA, 2009. Fluorescent Lamp Recycling. Available from: (Access on: 20 September 2012). http://www.epa.gov/wastes/hazard/wastetypes/universal/lamps/lamp-recycling2-09.pdf.
33. EPA, 2011. Energy Independence And Security Act of 2007 (EISA). Available from: (Access on: 27 July 2012). http://www.energystar.gov/ia/products/lighting/cfls/downloads/EISA_Backgrounder_FINAL_4-11_EPA.pdf?fb82-0228.
34. EPA, 2012. Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs (CFLs). Available from: (Access on: 1 August 2012). http://www.epa.gov/cfl/cfl-hg.html.
35. ETAP, 2009. LED Led Lifetime in Practice-The ETAP Approach. Available from: (Access on: 4 August 2012). http://www.etaplighting.com/uploadedFiles/Downloadable_documentation/documentatie/whitepaper_LED_EN.pdf.
36. EUROPA, 2009. Phasing Out Conventional Incandescent Bulbs (FAQ-Press Release). Available from: (Access on: 20 September 2012). http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/09/368.
37. EUROPA, 2011. Ecological Criteria for the Award of the EU Ecolabel for Light Sources. Official Journal of the European Union. Available from: (Access on: 22 September 2012). http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:148:0013:0019:EN:PDF.
38. EUROPA, 2012a. Eco-design of Energy-Related Products. Available from: (Access on: 22 September 2012). http://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficiency/ecodesign/eco_design_en.htm.
39. EUROPA, 2012b. Household Appliances-Labelling. Available from: (Access on: 20 September 2012. http://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficiency/labelling/labelling_en.htm.
40. EUROPA, 2012c. How to Read the Packaging. Europa-European Commission. Available from: (Access on: 20 September 2012). http://ec.europa.eu/energy/lumen/overview/howtochoose/packaging/packaging_en.htm.
41. Ewald F., Fuchs A.S., Masoum M. Power Quality in Power Systems and Electrical Machines 2008, Focal Press Publisher.
42. Fassbinder, S., 2008. Possible Disturbances with Electronic Ballasts. Lighting Tutorial-Leonardo ENERGY. Available from: (Access on: 5 August 2012). http://www.leonardo-energy.org/lighting_7.
43. FTC, 2011. FTC "Lighting Facts" Label: Questions and Answers for Manufacturers. Federal Trade Commission, USA. Available from: (Access on: 2 August 2012). http://business.ftc.gov/documents/bus26-labeling-your-light-bulbs-lighting-facts-questions-and-answers-manufacturers.
44. GE, 2012. Compact Fluorescent Lamps (Frequently Asked Questions). Available from: (Access on: 24 July 2012). http://www.gelighting.com/na/business_lighting/faqs/cfl.htm.
45. V.J. Gosbell, S. Elphick, Smith, V., 2008. Compact Fluorescent Lamps-Possible Harmonic Trends and Their Mitigation. Integral Energy Power Quality and Reliability Centre, University of Wollongong.
46. Halonen;, L., Tetri;, E., Bhusal;, P., 2010. Guidebook on Energy Efficient Electric Light in for Buildings (ANNEX 45). Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community System (ECBCS)-International Energy Agency (IEA). Available from (Access on: 25 September 2012). http://lightinglab.fi/IEAAnnex45/.
47. Heidemann A., Hien S., Panofski E., Roll U. Compact fluorescent lamps. IEE Proceedings Science, Measurement and Technology 1993, 140:429-434.
48. Holton, J., February 2012. Strategy Guideline: High Performance Residential Lighting. http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/53467.pdf.
49. Hu Y., Cheng H. Mercury risk from fluorescent lamps in China: current status and future perspective. Environment International 2012, 44:141-150.
50. IEC, 2012. Electropedia: The World's Online Electrotechnical Vocabulary. International Electrotechnical Commission. Available from: (Access on: 25 September 2012). http://www.electropedia.org/.
51. IPC, 2011. RoHS Substances and Exemptions List. IPC-Association Connecting Electronics Industries. Available from: (Access on: 20 September 2012). http://www.ipc.org/3.0_Industry/3.4_EHS/2011/March-2011-Update-to-IPC-1752A-Appendices-B-C-D.pdf.
52. Jabbar, R.A., Al-Dabbagh, M., Muhammad, A., Khawaja, R.H., Akmal, M., Arif, M.R., 2008. Impact of compact fluorescent lamp on power quality. In: Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2008. AUPEC '08. pp. 1-5.
53. Kazakevicius E., Gadgil A., Vorsatz D. Residential lighting in Lithuania. Energy Policy 1999, 27:603-611.
54. Korovesis P.N., Vokas G.A., Gonos I.F., Topalis F.V. Influence of large-scale installation of energy saving lamps on the line voltage distortion of a weak network supplied by photovoltaic station. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2004, 19:1787-1793.
55. Kumar A., Jain S.K., Bansal N.K. Disseminating energy-efficient technologies: a case study of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) in India. Energy Policy 2003, 31:259-272.
56. Laughton M.A., Warne D.J. Electrical Engineer's Reference Book 2002, Newnes Publications.
57. Lind, S., 2010a. Fluorescent Lighting and the Environment: The Good News, the Bad News and the Solution for Commercial Building Owners. LUMIVERSAL. Department of Research and Writing. Available from: (Access on: 2 August 2012). http://lumiversal.net/upload/Fluorescent%20Lighting%20and%20the%20Environment.pdf.
58. Lind, S., 2010b. LED vsT5 Part II. Department of Research and Writing, Lumiversal. Available from: (Access on: 2 August 2012). http://lumiversal.net/upload/LED%20vs.%20T5_%20Part%20II.pdf.
59. Mohamed, K., Shareef, H., Mohamed, A., 2011. Analysis of harmonic emission from dimmable compact fluorescent lamps. In: 2011 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICEEI). pp. 1-5.
60. Nan C., Chung H.S.H. A driving technology for retrofit LED lamp for fluorescent lighting fixtures with electronic ballasts. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 2011, 26:588-601.
61. Nassif A.B., Wilsun X. Characterizing the harmonic attenuation effect of compact fluorescent lamps. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2009, 24:1748-1749.
62. NEMA, 2008. Recycling Household CFLs. Available from: (accessed 05.09.12). http://www.lamprecycle.org/public/images/docs/Recycling%20Household%20CFLs.%2010%2008.pdf.
63. NEMA, 2011. The 5 Ls of Lighting. National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Available from: (Access on: 2 August 2012). http://www.lightbulboptions.org/files/TabbedPDF.pdf.
64. NEMA, 2012. Lamp Recycling: Changes Create Challenges. Available at: (Access on: 5 July 2012). http://www.lamprecycle.org/public/images/docs/ARTICLE.lamprecycling_challenges.%20undated.pdf.
65. OSRAM, 2009. Life Cycle Assessment of Illuminants a Comparison of Light Bulbs, Compact Fluorescent Lamps and LED Lamps.
66. Peter L. Market penetration rates of new energy technologies. Energy Policy 2006, 34:3317-3326.
67. Philips, 2009. The ABC's of Electronic Fluorescent Ballasts: A Guide to Fluorescent Ballasts. Available from: (Access on: 3 August 2012). http://www.advance.philips.com/documents/uploads/literature/RT-8010-R03_ABC.pdf.
68. Philips, 2010a. LED Useful Life: Understanding LM-80, Lumen Maintenance, and LED Fixture Lifetime. Available from: (Access on: 27 July 2012). http://www.colorkinetics.com/support/whitepapers/LEDLifetime.pdf.
69. Philips, 2010b. Philips Lamps & Lighting Electronics Catalogue. In: Philips (Ed.).
70. Philips, 2010c. Switching Made Easy. Available from: (Access on: 28 August 2012). http://www.advance.philips.com/documents/uploads/literature/EL-2470-R03_v1.pdf.
71. Philips, 2012a. Philips Product Selector 5.2.6.0 (Last Updated 27/04/2012). Available from: (Access on: 20 September 2012). http://www.lighting.philips.com/main/connect/tools_literature/dialux_and_other_downloads.wpd.
72. Philips, 2012b. Technical Data. Available from: (Accessed on: 6 December 2011). http://www.ribaproductselector.com/Docs/9/05799/external/COL2205799.pdf.
73. Pileggi D.J., Gulachenski E.M., Root C.E., Gentile T.J., Emanuel A.E. The effect of modern compact fluorescent lights on voltage distortion. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 1993, 8:1451-1459.
74. PNNL, 2012 Stress Testing of the Philips 60W Replacement Lamp Entry. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Available from: (Access on: 13 July 2012). http://www.lightingprize.org/pdfs/lprize_60w-stress-testing.pdf.
75. Poikonen, T., Pulli, T., Vaskuri, A., Baumgartner, H., Kärhä, P., Ikonen, E., 2011. Luminous Efficacy Measurement of Solid-State Lamps. Available from: (Access on: 13 September 2012). http://energia.aalto.fi/en/events/aalto_energy_day/7_aalto_energy_poikonen.pdf.
76. Powell, K., 2011. Panel 4: Lessons from the Field. Solid-State Lighting Program: U.S. Department of Energy. Available from: (Access on: 3 August 2012). http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/powell_lessons_sslmiw2011.pdf.
77. Qureshi, S.A., Akmal, M., Arif, R., 2009. Power quality based comparison of Compact Fluorescent Lamp with fluorescent light. In: Third International Conference on Electrical Engineering, 2009. ICEE '09. pp. 1-6.
78. Ramroth, L., 2008. Comparison of Life-Cycle Analyses of Compact Fluorescent and Incandescent Lamps Based on Rated Life of Compact Fluorescent Lamp. Rocky Mountain Institute. Available from: (Access on: 15 September 2012). http://www.rmi.org/Knowledge-Center/Library/C08-12_LCAFluorescentIncandescentLamps.
79. Reliant Energy, 2005. Lighting: Fluorescent Ballasts. Available from: (Access on: 25 July 2012). http://www.reliant.com/en_US/Platts/PDF/P_PA_12.pdf.
80. Reynolds T., Kolodinsky J., Murray B. Consumer preferences and willingness to pay for compact fluorescent lighting: Policy implications for energy efficiency promotion in Saint Lucia. Energy Policy 2012, 41:712-722.
81. Richard, M.K., Sen, P.K., 2010. Compact fluorescent lamps and their effect on power quality and application guidelines. In: IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS). pp. 1-7.
82. Rylander M., Grady W.M., Narendorf M. Experimental apparatus, testing results, and interpretation of the impact of voltage distortion on the current distortion of typical single-phase loads. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2009, 24:844-851.
83. Saidur R. Energy consumption, energy savings, and emission analysis in Malaysian office buildings. Energy Policy 2009, 37:4104-4113.
84. Sanchez, S., Sweeney, S., 2010. LED vs T5 Technology: The Advantages and Disadvantages. Department of Research and Writing-Lumiversal. Available from: (Access on: 15 August 2012). http://www.lumiversal.net/upload/T5%20v.%20LED.pdf.
85. Sandahl, L., Gilbride, T., Ledbetter, M., Steward, H., Calwell, C., 2006. Compact Fluorescent Lighting in America: Lessons Learned on the Way to Market. Building Technologies Program-U.S. Department of Energy. Available from: (Access on: 15 August 2012). http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/cfl_lessons_learned_web.pdf.
86. Scott Matthews, H., Matthews, Paulina Jaramillo, Chris Weber, Hendrickson, C., 2009. Life Cycle Assessment of Solid State Lighting Applications. Green Design Institute Carnegie Mellon University. Available from (Access on: 3 August 2012). http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/matthews_ssl09.pdf.
87. Sehat Sutardja, 2009. Green Opportunities. Marvell Semiconductor, Inc. Available from: (Access on: 20 July 2012). http://www.marvell.com/environment/assets/Marvell-Green-Opportunities.pdf.
88. Sheinbaum C., Ruíz B.J., Ozawa L. Energy consumption and related CO2 emissions in five Latin American countries: changes from 1990 to 2006 and perspectives. Energy 2011, 36:3629-3638.
89. Shur M.S., Zukauskas R. Solid-state lighting: toward superior illumination. Proceedings of the IEEE 2005, 93:1691-1703.
90. Simpson R.S. Lighting Control-Technology and Applications 2008, Focal Press.
91. Sobral, L.G.S., Santos, R.L.C.d., Fernandes, A.L.V., Oliveira, D.M.d., Xavier, P.G., 2006. Treatment of Mercury Bearing Fluorescent Lamps by Using an Electrochemical Process. CETEM-Centre for Mineral Technology.
92. SPSS Website, SPSS Website. Available from: (Access on: 15 September 2012). http://www-01.ibm.com/software/analytics/spss/.
93. Star, E., 2010. Information on Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs (CFLs) and Mercury. Energy Star Program: U.S. Department of Energy. Available from: (Access on: 1 August 2012). http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/promotions/change_light/downloads/Fact_Sheet_Mercury.pdf.
94. Taekhyun, K., Rylander, M., Powers, E.J., Grady, W.M., Arapostathis, A., 2008. LED lamp flicker caused by interharmonics. In: Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings, 2008. IMTC 2008. IEEE, pp. 1920-1925.
95. Trifunovic J., Mikulovic J., Djurisic Z., Djuric M., Kostic M. Reductions in electricity consumption and power demand in case of the mass use of compact fluorescent lamps. Energy 2009, 34:1355-1363.
96. VITO, 2007. Eco-design study Lot 19-Domestic Lighting. Preparatory Studies for Eco-design Requirements of EuPs. Available from: (Access on: 13 September 2012). http://www.eup4light.net/assets/pdffiles/Final_part1_2/EuP_Domestic_Part1en2_V11.pdf.
97. Watson N.R., Scott T.L., Hirsch S. Implications for distribution networks of high penetration of compact fluorescent lamps. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2009, 24:1521-1528.
98. Wei, Z., 2009. Compact Fluorescent Lamps Phase Dependency Modelling and Harmonic Assessment of Their Widespread Use in Distribution Systems. Available from: (Access on: 12 July 2012). http://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/bitstream/10092/3630/1/thesis_fulltext.pdf.
99. William Hayt, Buck, J., 2005. Engineering Electromagnetics, seventh ed.
100. Yaxiao Q., Deyan L., Hui S.Y. A simple method for comparative study on the thermal performance of LEDs and fluorescent lamps. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 2009, 24:1811-1818.
101. Zuuk, A.V., 2009. Shedding Light on the New Tubular Fluorescents. Available from: (Access on: 25 July 2012). http://oikos.com/library/energy_outlet/tubular_fluorescents.html.