Management of gastric carcinoids (neuroendocrine neoplasms)

Current Gastroenterology Reports

Volumn 14, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 467-472

  Kidd, Mark ^a   Gustafsson, Bjorn I ^b  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Norway)

Author keywords

Carcinoid; Chronic atrophic gastritis; Gastric carcinoid; Gastrin; Multiple endocrine neoplasia 1; Neuroendocrine tumor; Proton pump inhibitor; Well differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma; Well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor; Zollinger Ellison syndrome

Indexed keywords

CHOLECYSTOKININ B RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; CYTOTOXIC AGENT; GASTRIN; GASTRIN ANTIBODY; HORMONE ANTIBODY; KI 67 ANTIGEN; NETAZEPIDE; RADIOISOTOPE; SOMATOSTATIN DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER CLASSIFICATION; CANCER GRADING; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER INFILTRATION; CANCER LOCALIZATION; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER SIZE; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURGERY; CANCER SURVIVAL; CARCINOGENESIS; CHEMOEMBOLIZATION; CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT; DISEASE ACTIVITY; DISEASE COURSE; DISTANT METASTASIS; ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY; ENDOSCOPIC THERAPY; GASTRINOMA; HUMAN; HYPERGASTRINEMIA; METASTASIS POTENTIAL; NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR; OVERALL SURVIVAL; RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION; STOMACH CARCINOID; STOMACH SURGERY; SURGICAL APPROACH; SURVIVAL RATE; SURVIVAL TIME; TOTAL STOMACH RESECTION; WEDGE RESECTION;

CARCINOID TUMOR; GASTRINOMA; GASTRINS; HUMANS; NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS; STOMACH NEOPLASMS;

EID: 84870530436     PISSN: 15228037     EISSN: 1534312X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11894-012-0289-x     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Modlin IM, Oberg K, Chung DC, et al. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9(1):61-72
2. Latta E, Rotondo F, Leiter LA, Horvath E, Kovacs K. Ghrelin-and serotonin-producing gastric carcinoid. J Gastrointest Cancer. 2012;43(2):319-23
3. Modlin IM, Tang LH. The gastric enterochromaffin-like cell: an enigmatic cellular link. Gastroenterology. 1996;111(3):783-810
4. Bordi C. Gastric carcinoids. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1999;31 Suppl 2:S94-7
5. Rindi G, Luinetti O, Cornaggia M, Capella C, Solcia E. Three subtypes of gastric argyrophil carcinoid and the gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study. Gastroenterology. 1993;104(4):994-1006
6. Scherubl H, Cadiot G, Jensen RT, Rosch T, Stolzel U, Kloppel G. Neuroendocrine tumors of the stomach (gastric carcinoids) are on the rise: small tumors, small problems? Endoscopy. 2010;42 (8):664-71. This provides an up-To-date overview of the lesions and identifies the importance of the pathobiology (growth characteristics/ stage of disease) of the lesion for optimal management
7. Oberg K. Pancreatic endocrine tumors. Semin Oncol. 2010;37 (6):594-618
8. Waldum HL, Sandvik AK, Idle Jr. Gastrin is the most important factor in ECL tumorigenesis. Gastroenterology. 1998;114(5):1113-5
9. Arnold R, Kloppel G, Rothmund M. Carcinoid tumors. International symposium on pathology, epidemiology, clinical aspects andtherapy. January 13-16, 1994, Munich, Germany. Proceedings. Digestion 1994;55(3): 1-113
10. Spampatti MP, Massironi S, Rossi RE, et al. Unusually aggressive type 1 gastric carcinoid: a case report with a review of the literature. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;24(5):589-93. This reports the poor prognosis and difficulties with management of a "malignant" Type I tumor, highlighting the potential issues with a "benign" tumor classification
11. Edge SB, American Joint Committee on Cancer. AJCC cancer staging manual. 7th ed. New York: Springer; 2010
12. Gough DB, Thompson GB, Crotty TB, et al. Diverse clinical and pathologic features of gastric carcinoid and the relevance of hypergastrinemia. World J Surg. 1994;18(4):473-9. discussion 79-80
13. Jordan Jr PH, Barroso A, Sweeney J. Gastric carcinoids in patients with hypergastrinemia. J Am Coll Surg. 2004;199(4):552-5
14. Vannella L, Sbrozzi-Vanni A, Lahner E, et al. Development of type I gastric carcinoid in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;33(12):1361-9
15. Modlin IM, Lye KD, Kidd M. Carcinoid tumors of the stomach. Surg Oncol. 2003;12(2):153-72
16. Ruszniewski P, Delle Fave G, Cadiot G, et al. Well-differentiated gastric tumors/carcinomas. Neuroendocrinology. 2006;84(3):158-64
17. Kekilli M, Beyazit Y, Karaman K, et al. Endoscopic and pathological aspects of gastric polyps: a Turkish referral center study. Hepatogastroenterology. 2012;59(116):1147-9
18. Jianu CS, Fossmark R, Viset T, et al. Gastric carcinoid after longterm use of a proton pump inhibitor. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012, In press
19. Saund MS, Al Natour RH, Sharma AM, Huang Q, Boosalis VA, Gold JS. Tumor size and depth predict rate of lymph node metastasis and utilization of lymph node sampling in surgically managed gastric carcinoids. Ann Surg Oncol. 2011;18(10):2826-32. Epub 011 Apr 1
20. Modlin IM, Latich I, Kidd M, Zikusoka M, Eick G. Therapeutic options for gastrointestinal carcinoids. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4(5):526-47
21. Borch K, Ahren B, Ahlman H, Falkmer S, Granerus G, Grimelius L. Gastric carcinoids: biologic behavior and prognosis after differentiated treatment in relation to type. Ann Surg. 2005;242(1):64-73
22. Merola E, Sbrozzi-Vanni A, Panzuto F, et al. Type I gastric carcinoids: a prospective study on endoscopic management and recurrence rate. Neuroendocrinology. 2012;95(3):207-13. Epub 2011 Jul 30
23. Borin JF, Tang LH, Kidd M, et al. Somatostatin receptor regulation of gastric enterochromaffin-like cell transformation to gastric carcinoid. Surgery. 1996;120(6):1026-32
24. Fykse V, Sandvik AK, Qvigstad G, Falkmer SE, Syversen U, Waldum HL. Treatment of ECL cell carcinoids with octreotide LAR. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2004;39(7):621-8
25. Campana D, Nori F, Pezzilli R, et al. Gastric endocrine tumors type I: treatment with long-acting somatostatin analogs. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2008;15(1):337-42
26. Jianu CS, Fossmark R, Syversen U, Hauso O, Fykse V, Waldum HL. Five-year follow-up of patients treated for 1 year with octreotide long-acting release for enterochromaffin-like cell carcinoids. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2011;46(4):456-63. Epub 2010 Dec 7. This paper illustrates potential issues with somatostatin analog therapy in gastric NENs, highlighting a rebound growth affect associated with removal of therapy
27. Boyce M, David O, Darwin K, Mitchell T, Johnston A,Warrington S. Single oral doses of netazepide (YF476), a gastrin receptor antagonist, cause dose-dependent, sustained increases in gastric pH compared with placebo and ranitidine in healthy subjects. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012;36(2):181-9
28. Kidd M, Siddique ZL, Drozdov I, et al. The CCK(2) receptor antagonist, YF476, inhibits Mastomys ECL cell hyperplasia and gastric carcinoid tumor development. Regul Pept. 2010;162(1-3):52-60
29. Fossmark R, Sørdal Ø, Jianu CS, Qvigstad G, Boyce M, Waldum HL. Treatment of gastric carcinoids type 1 with the gastrin receptor antagonist YF476 results in regression of tumours and normalisation of serum chromogranin A. Gastroenterology. 2012;142(5):S-15
30. Tieppo C, Betterle C, Basso D, et al. Gastric type I carcinoid: a pilot study with human G17DT immunogen vaccination. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2011;60(7):1057-60. Epub 2011 May 18. This small, pilot study identified a potential role for a gastrin vaccine in the treatment of gastrin-responsive NENs
31. Spampatti MP, Massironi S, Rossi RE, et al. Unusually aggressive type 1 gastric carcinoid: a case report with a review of the literature. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;24(5):589-93. This reports the poor prognosis and difficulties with management of a "malignant" Type I tumor, highlighting the potential issues with a "benign" tumor classification
32. McCarthyDM. Adverse effects of proton pump inhibitor drugs: clues and conclusions. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2010;26(6):624-31
33. Debelenko LV, Emmert-Buck MR, Zhuang Z, et al. The multiple endocrine neoplasia type I gene locus is involved in the pathogenesis of type II gastric carcinoids. Gastroenterology. 1997;113(3):773-81
34. D'Adda T, Keller G, Bordi C, Hofler H. Loss of heterozygosity in 11q13-14 regions in gastric neuroendocrine tumors not associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome. Lab Invest. 1999;79(6):671-7
35. Debelenko LV, Zhuang Z, Emmert-Buck MR, et al. Allelic deletions on chromosome 11q13 in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1-associated and sporadic gastrinomas and pancreatic endocrine tumors. Cancer Res. 1997;57(11):2238-43
36. Calender A. Molecular genetics of neuroendocrine tumors. Digestion. 2000;62 Suppl 1:3-18
37. Ivo D, Corset L, Desbourdes L, Gaudray P, Weber G. Menin controls the concentration of retinoblastoma protein. Cell Cycle. 2011;10(1):166-8. Epub 2011 Jan 1
38. Gagrica S, Brookes S, Anderton E, Rowe J, Peters G. Contrasting behavior of the p18INK4c and p16INK4a tumor suppressors in both replicative and oncogene-induced senescence. Cancer Res. 2012;72(1):165-75. Epub 2011 Nov 11
39. Hughes E, Huang C. Participation of Akt, menin, and p21 in pregnancy-induced beta-cell proliferation. Endocrinology. 2011;152 (3):847-55. Epub 2011 Jan 14
40. Kidd M, Hinoue T, Eick G, et al. Global expression analysis of ECL cells in Mastomys natalensis gastric mucosa identifies alterations in the AP-1 pathway induced by gastrin-mediated transformation. Physiol Genomics. 2004;20(1):131-42
41. Mensah-Osman EJ, Veniaminova NA, Merchant JL. Menin and JunD regulate gastrin gene expression through proximal DNA elements. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2011;301(5): G783-90. Epub 2011 Aug 18
42. Debelenko LV, Emmert-Buck MR, Zhuang Z, et al. The multiple endocrine neoplasia type I gene locus is involved in the pathogenesis of type II gastric carcinoids. Gastroenterology. 1997;113(3):773-81
43. LewEA, Pisegna JR, Starr JA, et al. Intravenous pantoprazole rapidly controls gastric acid hypersecretion in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2000;118(4):696-704
44. Modlin IM, Kidd M, Latich I, Zikusoka MN, Shapiro MD. Current status of gastrointestinal carcinoids. Gastroenterology. 2005;128 (6):1717-51
45. Campana D, Piscitelli L, Mazzotta E, et al. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Diagnosis and therapy. Minerva Med. 2005;96 (3):187-206
46. Ruszniewski P, Ramdani A, Cadiot G, Lehy T, MignonM, Bonfils S. Long-Term treatment with octreotide in patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Eur J Clin Invest. 1993;23(5):296-301
47. Annibale B, Delle Fave G, Azzoni C, et al. Three months of octreotide treatment decreases gastric acid secretion and argyrophil cell density in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and antral G-cell hyperfunction. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1994;8(1):95-104
48. Fykse V, Sandvik AK, Waldum HL. One-year follow-up study of patients with enterochromaffin-like cell carcinoids after treatment with octreotide long-acting release. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2005;40 (11):1269-74
49. Richards ML, Gauger P, Thompson NW, Giordano TJ. Regression of type II gastric carcinoids in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome after surgical excision of all gastrinomas. World J Surg. 2004;28(7):652-8. Epub 2004 Jun 16
50. Bordi C, Azzoni C, Ferraro G, et al. Sampling strategies for analysis of enterochromaffin-like cell changes in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Am J Clin Pathol. 2000;114(3):419-25
51. Jensen RT. Management of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. J Intern Med. 1998;243(6):477-88
52. Meko JB, Norton JA. Management of patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Annu Rev Med. 1995;46:395-411
53. Stewart W, Traynor JP, Cooke A, et al. Gastric carcinoid: germline and somatic mutation of the neurofibromatosis type 1 gene. Fam Cancer. 2007;6(1):147-52
54. Laycock-van Spyk S, Thomas N, Cooper DN, Upadhyaya M. Neurofibromatosis type 1-associated tumours: their somatic mutational spectrum and pathogenesis. Hum Genomics. 2011;5(6):623-90
55. Creutzfeldt W, Stockmann F. Carcinoids and carcinoid syndrome. Am J Med. 1987;82(5B):4-16
56. Jensen RT, Norton JA. Carcinoid tumors and the carcinoid syndrome. Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1997. p. 1704-23
57. Moertel CG, Kvols LK, O'Connell MJ, Rubin J. Treatment of neuroendocrine carcinomas with combined etoposide and cisplatin. Evidence of major therapeutic activity in the anaplastic variants of these neoplasms. Cancer. 1991;68(2):227-32
58. Gilligan CJ, Lawton GP, Tang LH, West AB, Modlin IM. Gastric carcinoid tumors: the biology and therapy of an enigmatic and controversial lesion. Am J Gastroenterol. 1995;90(3):338-52
59. Kumashiro R, Naitoh H, Teshima K, Sakai T, Inutsuka S. Minute gastric carcinoid tumor with regional lymph node metastasis. Int Surg. 1989;74(3):198-200
60. De Vries EG, Kema IP, Slooff MJ, et al. Recent developments in diagnosis and treatment of metastatic carcinoid tumours. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 1993;200:87-93
61. Davies MG, O'Dowd G,McEntee GP, Hennessy TP. Primary gastric carcinoids: a view on management. Br J Surg. 1990;77(9):1013-4
62. Godwin 2nd JD. Carcinoid tumors. An analysis of 2,837 cases. Cancer. 1975;36(2):560-9
63. Modlin IM, Sandor A. An analysis of 8305 cases of carcinoid tumors. Cancer. 1997;79(4):813-29
64. Modlin IM, Lye KD, Kidd M. A 50-year analysis of 562 gastric carcinoids: small tumor or larger problem? Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99(1):23-32
65. Landry CS, Brock G, Scoggins CR, McMasters KM, Martin 2nd RC. A proposed staging system for gastric carcinoid tumors based on an analysis of 1,543 patients. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009;16(1):51-60. Epub 2008 Oct 24
66. Lawrence B, Gustafsson BI, Chan A, Svejda B, Kidd M, Modlin IM. The epidemiology of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2011;40(1):1-18. vii
67. Hodgson N, Koniaris LG, Livingstone AS, Franceschi D. Gastric carcinoids: a temporal increase with proton pump introduction. Surg Endosc. 2005;19(12):1610-2
68. Hassall E, Owen D, Kerr W, Sturby T, Richardson P, El-Serag H. Gastric histology in children treated with proton pump inhibitors long term, with emphasis on enterochromaffin cell-like hyperplasia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;33(7):829-36. doi:10.1111/ j.365-2036.11.04592.x.