Anxiety and fear-avoidance in musculoskeletal pain

Current Pain and Headache Reports

Volumn 16, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 399-406

  Lucchetti, Giancarlo ^a,b   Oliveira, Arão Belitardo ^a   Mercante, Juliane Prieto Peres ^c   Peres, Mario Fernando Prieto ^a,b,d  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

^b Spiritist Medical Association   (Brazil)

^c HOSPITAL ISRAELITA ALBERT EINSTEIN   (Brazil)

^d R Joaquim Eugenio de Lima   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Anxiety; Fear; Fibromyalgia; Pain; Religion; Spirituality

Indexed keywords

AMITRIPTYLINE; ANALGESIC AGENT; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; CAFFEINE; CATECHOL METHYLTRANSFERASE; CYCLOBENZAPRINE; DOPAMINE; DULOXETINE; ESCITALOPRAM; FLUOXETINE; GABAPENTIN; MILNACIPRAN; MUSCLE RELAXANT AGENT; NARCOTIC ANALGESIC AGENT; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; NORTRIPTYLINE; PARACETAMOL; PAROXETINE; PLACEBO; PREGABALIN; SEROTONIN; SEROTONIN NORADRENALIN REUPTAKE INHIBITOR; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; SERTRALINE; TRAMADOL; TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; VENLAFAXINE;

ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; ANXIETY; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR; CHRONIC PAIN; COGNITIVE THERAPY; CONSTIPATION; COPING BEHAVIOR; DEPRESSION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DROWSINESS; DRUG DOSE INCREASE; DRUG DOSE TITRATION; EXERCISE; FEAR; FIBROMYALGIA; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; HUMAN; LIFE EVENT; LOW BACK PAIN; MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN; OSTEOARTHRITIS; RELAXATION TRAINING; RELIGION; SEX DIFFERENCE; SIDE EFFECT; SLEEP PATTERN; WEIGHT GAIN; XEROSTOMIA;

ANXIETY; AVOIDANCE LEARNING; FEAR; HUMANS; MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN; PAIN MANAGEMENT; PAIN MEASUREMENT; QUALITY OF LIFE; SPIRITUALITY;

EID: 84870480324     PISSN: 15313433     EISSN: 15343081     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11916-012-0286-7     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Picavet H, Schouten J. Musculoskeletal pain in The Netherlands: Prevalences, consequences and risk groups, the DMC3-study. Pain. 2003;102:167-78.
2. Magni G, Marchetti M, Moreschi C, Merskey H, Luchini SR. Chronic musculoskeletal pain and depressive symptoms in the National Health and Nutrition Examination I. Epidemiologic follow-up study. Pain. 1993;53:163-8.
3. Bergman S, Herrström P, Högström K, Petersson IF, Svensson B, Jacobsson L. Chronic musculoskeletal pain, prevalence rates, and sociodemographic associations in a Swedish population study. J Rheumatol. 2001;28:1369-77.
4. Cimmino MA, Ferrone C, Cutolo M. Epidemiology of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2011;25:173-83.
5. Woolf AD, Pfleger B. Burden of major musculoskeletal conditions. Bull WHO. 2003;81:646-56.
6. Carnes D, Parsons S, Ashby D, Breen A, Foster N, Pincus T, et al. Chronic musculoskeletal pain rarely presents in a single body site: Results from a UK population study. Rheumatology. 2007;46:1168-70.
7. Kessler RC, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Alonso J, Chatterji S, Lee S, Ormel J, et al. The global burden of mental disorders: An update from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys. Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc. 2009;18:23-33.
8. Andrews G, Hobbs MJ, Borkovec TD, Beesdo K, Craske MG, Heimberg RG, et al. Generalized worry disorder: A review of DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder and options for DSM-V. Depress Anxiety. 2010;27:134-47.
9. Means-Christensen AJ, Roy-Byrne PP, Sherbourne CD, Craske MG, Stein MB. Relationships among pain, anxiety, and depression in primary care. Depress Anxiety. 2008;25:593-600.
10. Orenius TI, Koskela T, Koho P, Pohjolainen T, Kautiainen H, Haanpää M, et al. Anxiety and Depression Are Independent Predictors of Quality of Life of Patients with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain. J Health Psychol. 2012; [in press].
11. Karakurum B, Soylu Ö, Karatas M, Giray S, Tan M, Arlier Z, et al. Personality, depression, and anxiety as risk factors for chronic migraine. Int J Neurosci. 2004;114:1391-9.
12. Vlaeyen JWS, Linton SJ. Fear-avoidance and its consequences in chronicmusculoskeletal pain: A state of the art. Pain. 2000;85:317-32.
13. Gormsen L, Rosenberg R, Bach FW, Jensen TS. Depression, anxiety, health-related quality of life and pain in patients with chronic fibromyalgia and neuropathic pain. Eur J Pain. 2010;14 (127):e1-8.
14. Pesa J, Lage MJ. The medical costs of migraine and comorbid anxiety and depression. Headache. 2004;44:562-70.
15. James JE, Hardardottir D. Influence of attention focus and trait anxiety on tolerance of acute pain. Br J Health Psychol. 2002;7:149-62.
16. Olatunji BO, Deacon BJ, Abramowitz JS. Is hypochondriasis an anxiety disorder? Br J Psychiatry. 2009;194:481-2.
17. Rhudy JL, Meagher MW. Fear and anxiety: Divergent effects on human pain thresholds. Pain. 2000;84:65-75.
18. Diatchenko L, Slade GD, Nackley AG, Bhalang K, Sigurdsson A, Belfer I, et al. Genetic basis for individual variations in pain perception and the development of a chronic pain condition. Hum Mol Genet. 2005;14:135-43.
19. Tchivileva IE, Lim PF, Smith SB, Slade GD, Diatchenko L, McLean SA, et al. Effect of catechol-O-methyltransferase polymorphism on response to propranolol therapy in chronic musculoskeletal pain: A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled, crossover pilot study. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2010;20:239-48.
20. McGrath M, Kawachi I, Ascherio A, Colditz GA, Hunter DJ, De Vivo I. Association between catechol-O-methyltransferase and phobic anxiety. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161:1703-5.
21. Enoch MA, Xu K, Ferro E, Harris CR, Goldman D. Genetic origins of anxiety in women: A role for a functional catechol-Omethyltransferase polymorphism. Psychiatr Genet. 2003;13:33-41.
22. Montag C, Buckholtz JW, Hartmann P, Merz M, Burk C, Hennig J, et al. COMT genetic variation affects fear processing: Psychophysiological evidence. Behav Neurosci. 2008;122:901-9.
23. Wolfe F, Russell I, Vipraio G, Ross K, Anderson J. Serotonin levels, pain threshold, and fibromyalgia symptoms in the general population. J Rheumatol. 1997;24:555-9.
24. Gordon JA, Hen R. The serotonergic system and anxiety. Neuro Mol Med. 2004;5:27-40.
25. Wood PB, Patterson JC, Sunderland JJ, Tainter KH, Glabus MF, Lilien DL. Reduced presynaptic dopamine activity in fibromyalgia syndrome demonstrated with positron emission tomography: A pilot study. J Pain. 2007;8:51-8.
26. Nikolaus S, Antke C, Beu M, Müller HW. Cortical GABA, striatal dopamine and midbrain serotonin as the key players in compulsive and anxiety disorders-results from in vivo imaging studies. Rev Neurosci. 2010;21:119-39.
27. Shin LM, Liberzon I. The neurocircuitry of fear, stress, and anxiety disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010;35:169-91.
28. Finestone HM, Alfeeli A, Fisher WA. Stress-induced physiologic changes as a basis for the biopsychosocial model of chronic musculoskeletal pain: A new theory? Clin J Pain. 2008;24:767-75.
29. Bingefors K, Isacson D. Epidemiology, co-morbidity, and impact on health-related quality of life of self-reported headache and musculoskeletal pain-gender perspective. Eur J Pain. 2004;8:435-50.
30. Stoyanova M, Hope DA. Gender, gender roles, and anxiety: Perceived confirmability of self report, behavioral avoidance, and physiological reactivity. J Anxiety Disord. 2012;26:206-14.
31. Gore M, Sadosky A, Stacey BR, Tai KS, Leslie D. The burden of chronic low back pain: Clinical comorbidities, treatment patterns, and healthcare costs in usual care Settings. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011;Dec 3 [Epub ahead of print].
32. Knook LME, Konijnenberg AY, van der Hoeven J, Kimpen JLL, Buitelaar JK, van Engeland H, et al. Psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents presenting with unexplained chronic pain: What is the prevalence and clinical relevancy? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011;20:39-48.
33. Asmundson GJG, Carleton RN. Fear of pain is elevated in adults with co-occurring trauma-related stress and social anxiety symptoms. Cogn Behav Ther. 2005;34:248-55.
34. Greenberg J, Burns JW. Pain anxiety among chronic pain patients: Specific phobia or manifestation of anxiety sensitivity? Behav Res Ther. 2003;41:223-40.
35. Bair MJ, Wu J, Damush TM, Sutherland JM, Kroenke K. Association of depression and anxiety alone and in combination with chronic musculoskeletal pain in primary care patients. Psychosom Med. 2008;70:890-7. This study showed that the added morbidity of depression and anxiety with chronic pain is strongly associated with more severe pain, greater disability, and poorer quality of life.
36. Carleton R, Abrams M, Kachur S, Asmundson GJG. Waddell's symptoms as correlates of vulnerabilities associated with fear-nxiety-avoidance models of pain: Pain-related anxiety, catastrophic thinking, perceived disability, and treatment outcome. J Occup Rehabil. 2009;19:364-74.
37. Beneciuk JM, Bishop MD, George SZ. Pain catastrophizing predicts pain intensity during a neurodynamic test for the median nerve in healthy participants. Manual Ther. 2010;15:370-5.
38. Jensen JC, Haahr JP, Frost P, Andersen JH. The significance of health anxiety and somatization in care-seeking for back and upper extremity pain. BMC Fam Pract. 2012;29:86-95.
39. Rachman S. Anxiety. UK: Psychology Press Ltd, Publishers; 1998.
40. Cannon WB. Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear and rage. Appleton: Oxford; 1929.
41. Leeuw M, Goossens MEJB, Linton SJ, Crombez G, Boersma K, Vlaeyen JWS. The fear-avoidance model of musculoskeletal pain: Current state of scientific evidence. J Behav Med. 2007;30:77-94.
42. Murphy D, Lindsay S, De C,Williams AC. Chronic low back pain: Predictions of pain and relationship to anxiety and avoidance. Behav Res Ther. 1997;35:231-8.
43. White TL, Depue RA. Differential association of traits of fear and anxiety with norepinephrine-and dark-induced pupil reactivity. J Abnorm Soc Psychol. 1999;77:863-77.
44. Crombez G, Vlaeyen JWS, Heuts PHTG, Lysens R. Painrelated fear is more disabling than pain itself: Evidence on the role of pain-related fear in chronic back pain disability. Pain. 1999;80:329-39.
45. Lethem J, Slade P, Troup J, Bentley G. Outline of a fear-avoidance model of exaggerated pain perception. Behav Res Ther. 1983;21:401-8.
46. Woolf A, Zeidler H, Haglund U, Carr A, Chaussade S, Cucinotta D, et al. Musculoskeletal pain in Europe: Its impact and a comparison of population and medical perceptions of treatment in eight European countries. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63:342-7.
47. Mannerkorpi K, Henriksson C. Non-pharmacological treatment of chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2007;21:513-34.
48. Goldenberg DL. Pharmacological treatment of fibromyalgia and other chronic musculoskeletal pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2007;21:499-511.
49. Nardi AE, Lopes FL, Freire RC, Veras AB, Nascimento I, Valença AM, et al. Panic disorder and social anxiety disorder subtypes in a caffeine challenge test. Psychiatry Res. 2009;169:149-53.
50. Hagen K, Thoresen K, Stovner LJ, Zwart JA. High dietary caffeine consumption is associated with a modest increase in headache prevalence: Results from the Head-HUNT Study. J Headache Pain. 2009;10:153-9.
51. Sawynok J. Caffeine and pain. Pain. 2011;152:726.
52. Roehrs T, Roth T. Caffeine: Sleep and daytime sleepiness. Sleep Med Rev. 2008;12:153-62.
53. Edwards RR, Almeida DM, Klick B, Haythornthwaite JA, Smith MT. Duration of sleep contributes to next-day pain report in the general population. Pain. 2008;137:202-7.
54. Bigatti SM, Hernandez AM, Cronan TA, Rand KL. Sleep disturbances in fibromyalgia syndrome: Relationship to pain and depression. Arthritis Care Res. 2008;59:961-7.
55. van Mill JG, Hoogendijk WJG, Vogelzangs N, van Dyck R, Penninx BWJH. Insomnia and sleep duration in a large cohort of patients with major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010;71:239-46.
56. Littlejohn G. Musculoskeletal pain. J Royal Coll Phys Edinburgh. 2005;35:340-4.
57. Herring MP, O'Connor PJ, Dishman RK. The effect of exercise training on anxiety symptoms among patients: A systematic review. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170:321-31.
58. Hofmann SG, Smits JAJ. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis of randomized placebocontrolled trials. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69:621-32.
59. Morley S, Eccleston C, Williams A. Systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials of cognitive behaviour therapy and behaviour therapy for chronic pain in adults, excluding headache. Pain. 1999;80:1-13.
60. Hassett AL, Gevirtz RN. Nonpharmacologic treatment for fibromyalgia: Patient education, cognitive-behavioral therapy, relaxation techniques, and complementary and alternative medicine. Clin Rheum Dis. 2009;35:393-407.
61. van der Watt G, Laugharne J, Janca A. Complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of anxiety and depression. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2008;21:37-42.
62. Lucchetti G, Lucchetti AGL, Badan-Neto AM, Peres PT, Peres MFP, Moreira-Almeida A, et al. Religiousness affects mental health, pain and quality of life in older people in an outpatient rehabilitation setting. J Rehab Med. 2011;43:316-22.
63. Powell LH, Shahabi L, Thoresen CE. Religion and spirituality: Linkages to physical health. Am Psychol. 2003;58:36-52.
64. Lucchetti G, Lucchetti ALG, Koenig HG. Impact of Spirituality/ Religiosity on Mortality: Comparison With Other Health Interventions. Explore. 2011;7:234-8.
65. Koenig HG. Research on religion, spirituality, and mental health: A review. Can Psychiatr Assoc J. 2009;54:283-91.
66. Lucchetti G, Almeida LGC, Lucchetti ALG. Religiousness, mental health, and quality of life in Brazilian dialysis patients. Hemodialysis Int. 2012;16:89-94.
67. Rippentrop AE. A review of the role of religion and spirituality in chronic pain populations. Rehabil Psychol. 2005;50:278-84.
68. Peres MFP, Lucchetti G. Coping strategies in chronic pain. Curr Pain Headache Reps. 2010;14:331-8. This is a comprehensive review dealing with coping in chronic pain.
69. Mariotti L, Lucchetti G, Dantas M, Banin V, Fumelli F, Padula N. Spirituality and medicine: Views and opinions of teachers in a Brazilian medical school. Med Teach. 2011;33:339-40.
70. Harrison MO, Edwards CL, Koenig HG, Bosworth HB, Decastro L, Wood M. Religiosity/spirituality and pain in patients with sickle cell disease. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2005;193:250-7.
71. Keefe FJ, Affleck G, Lefebvre J, Underwood L, Caldwell DS, Drew J, et al. Living with rheumatoid arthritis: The role of daily spirituality and daily religious and spiritual coping. J Pain. 2001;2:101-10.
72. Büssing A, Michalsen A, Balzat HJ, Grünther RA, Ostermann T, Neugebauer EAM, et al. Are spirituality and religiosity resources for patients with chronic pain conditions? Pain Med. 2009;10:327-39.
73. Baetz M, Bowen R. Chronic pain and fatigue: Associations with religion and spirituality. Pain Res Manag. 2008;13:383-8.
74. Shreve-Neiger AK, Edelstein BA. Religion and anxiety: A critical review of the literature. Clin Psychol Rev. 2004;24:379-97.
75. Braghetta CC, Lucchetti G, Leão FC, Vallada C, Vallada H, Cordeiro Q. Ethical and legal aspects of religious assistance in psychiatric hospitals. Revista de Psiquiatria Clínica. 2011;38:189-93.
76. Koszycki D, Raab K, Aldosary F, Bradwejn J. A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. J Clin Psychol. 2010;66:430-41.
77. Ano GG, Vasconcelles EB. Religious coping and psychological adjustment to stress: A meta-analysis. J Clin Psychol. 2005;61:461-80.
78. Kroenke K, Krebs EE, Bair MJ. Pharmacotherapy of chronic pain: A synthesis of recommendations from systematic reviews. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2009;31:206-19.
79. Arnold LM, Keck PE, Welge JA. Antidepressant treatment of fibromyalgia: A meta-analysis and review. Psychosomatics. 2000;41:104-13.
80. Brecht S, Courtecuisse C, Debieuvre C, Croenlein J, Desaiah D, Raskin J, et al. Efficacy and safety of duloxetine 60 mg once daily in the treatment of pain in patients with major depressive disorder and at least moderate pain of unknown etiology: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68:1707-16.
81. Stein DJ, Ahokas AA, De Bodinat C. Efficacy of agomelatine in generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008;28:561-6.
82. Crofford LJ, Rowbotham MC, Mease PJ, Russell IJ, Dworkin RH, Corbin AE, et al. Pregabalin for the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:1264-73.
83. Arnold LM, Goldenberg DL, Stanford SB, Lalonde JK, Sandhu H, Keck Jr PE, et al. Gabapentin in the treatment of fibromyalgia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56:1336-44.