Association of depression and anxiety alone and in combination with chronic musculoskeletal pain in primary care patients

Psychosomatic Medicine

Volumn 70, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 890-897

  Bair, Matthew J ^a,b,c,d   Wu, Jingwei ^d   Damush, Teresa M ^a,b,c,d   Sutherland, Jason M ^e   Kroenke, Kurt ^a,b,c,d  

^a VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c Regenstrief Inc   (United States)

^d INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^e DARTMOUTH INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH POLICY AND CLINICAL PRACTICE   (United States)

Author keywords

Anxiety; Chronic pain; Comorbidity; Depression; Outcomes; Primary care

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; CHRONIC PAIN; COMORBIDITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEMALE; HIP PAIN; HUMAN; KNEE PAIN; LOW BACK PAIN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MOOD DISORDER; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; ABSENTEEISM; AGED; ANXIETY DISORDER; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; CHRONIC DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DISABILITY; MIDDLE AGED; MULTICENTER STUDY; MULTIMODALITY CANCER THERAPY; PAIN; PAIN ASSESSMENT; PATIENT ATTITUDE; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SELF CARE; SELF CONCEPT; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR;

ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT;

ABSENTEEISM; ADULT; AGED; ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS; ANXIETY DISORDERS; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; CHRONIC DISEASE; COHORT STUDIES; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; COMORBIDITY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; DISABILITY EVALUATION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PAIN; PAIN MEASUREMENT; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; QUALITY OF LIFE; SELF CARE; SELF EFFICACY; SICK ROLE; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR;

EID: 60849104454     PISSN: 00333174     EISSN: 15347796     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e318185c510     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Mantyselka PT, Turunen JH, Ahonen RS, Kumpusalo EA. Chronic pain and poor self rated health. JAMA 2003;290:2435-2442
2. Peter D. Hart Research Associates. America Speaks: Pain in America 2003. Alexandria: Research America.
3. Kroenke K, Mangelsdorff AD. Common symptoms in ambulatory care: incidence, evaluation, therapy, and outcome. Am J Med 1989;86:262-266
4. Kroenke K, Price RK. Symptoms in the community. Prevalence, classification, and psychiatric comorbidity. Arch Intern Med 1993;153: 2474-2480
5. Verhaak PFM, Schellevis FG, Nuijen J, Volkers AC. Patients with a psychiatric disorder in general practice: determinants of general practitioners' psychological diagnosis. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2006;28:125-132
6. Schappert SM. Ambulatory care visits to physician offices, hospital outpatient departments, and emergency departments: United States, 1997. Vital and Health Statistics, Series 13: Data From the National Health Survey 1999;143:i-iv, 1-39.
7. Turk DC, Okifuji A, Kalauolalani D. Clinical outcome and economic evaluation of multidisciplinary pain centers. In: Block AR, Kremer EF, Fernandez E, editors. Handbook of Pain Syndromes: Biopsychosocial Perspectives. Mahway, NJ: Erlbaum; 1999.
8. Smith BH, Elliott AM, Chambers WA, Smith WC, Hannaford PC, Penny K. The impact of chronic pain in the community. Fam Pract 2001;18: 292-299
9. Bair MJ, Robinson RL, Katon W, Kroenke K. Depression and pain comorbidity: a literature review. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:2433-2445
10. Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Kroenke K, Linzer M, deGruy FV III, Hahn SR, Brody D, Johnson JG. Utility of a new procedure for diagnosing mental disorders in primary care. The PRIME-MD 1000 study. JAMA 1994; 272:1749-1756
11. Leon AC, Olfson M, Broadhead WE, Barrett JE, Blacklow RS, Keller MB, Higgins ES, Weissman MM. Prevalence of mental disorders in primary care. Implications for screening. Arch Fam Med 1995;4:857-861
12. Schonfeld WH, Verboncoeur CJ, Fifer SK, Lipschutz RC, Lubeck DP, Buesching DP. The functioning and well-being of patients with unrecognized anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder. J Aff Disord 1997;43:105-119
13. Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: global burden of disease study. Lancet 1997;349: 1436-1442
14. Greenberg PE, Kessler RC, Birnbaum HG, Leong SA, Lowe SW, Berglund PA, Corey Lisle PK. The economic burden of depression in the United States: how did it change between 1990 and 2000? J Clin Psychiatry 2003;64:1465-1475
15. Stewart WF, Ricci JA, Chee E, Hahn SR, Morganstein D. Cost of lost productive work time among US workers with depression. JAMA 2003; 289:3135-3144 (Pubitemid 37432889)
16. Regier DA, Boyd JH, Burke JD Jr, Rae DS, Myers JK, Kramer M, Robins LN, George LK, Karno M, Locke BZ. One-month prevalence of mental disorders in the United States. Based on five epidemiologic catchment area sites. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988;45:977-986
17. Greenberg PE, Sisitsky T, Kessler RC, Finkelstein SN, Berndt ER, Davidson JR, Ballenger JC, Fyer AJ. The economic burden of anxiety disorders in the 1990s. J Clin Psychiatry 1999;60:427-435
18. Beck AT, Emery G, Greenberg RL. Anxiety Disorders and Phobias: A Cognitive Perspective. New York: Basic Books; 1985.
19. McLaughlin TP, Khandker RK, Kruzikas DT, Tummala R. Overlap of anxiety and depression in a managed care population: prevalence and association with resource utilization. J Clin Psychiatry 2006;67:1187-1193
20. Fernandez E. Anxiety, Depression, and Anger in Pain. Dallas: Advanced Psychological Resources, Inc.; 2002.
21. Gallagher RM, Verma S. Managing pain and comorbid depression: a public health challenge. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry 1999;4:203-220
22. McWilliams LA, Cox BJ, Enns MW. Mood and anxiety disorders associated with chronic pain: an examination in a nationally representative sample. Pain 2003;106:127-133
23. Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behav Res Ther 1995;33:335-343
24. Krishnan KR, France RD, Pelton S, McCann UD, Davidson J, Urban BJ. Chronic pain and depression. II. Symptoms of anxiety in chronic low back pain patients and their relationship to subtypes of depression. Pain 1985;22:289-294
25. Levenson JL, Hamer R, Silverman JJ, Rossiter LF. Psychopathology in medical inpatients and its relationship to length of hospital stay: a pilot study. Int J Psychiatry Med 1986;16:231-236
26. Fields H. Pain modulation: expectations, opioid analgesia and virtual pain. Prog Brain Res 2000;122:245-253
27. Lynch ME. Antidepressants as analgesics: a review of randomized controlled trials. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2001;26:30-36
28. Von Korff M, Dworkin SF, Le RL, Kruger A. An epidemiologic comparison of pain complaints. Pain 1988;32:173-183
29. Kroenke K, Bair MJ, Damush TM, Hoke S, Nicholas G, Kempf C, Huffman M, Wu J, Sutherland JM. Stepped care for affective disorders and musculoskeletal pain (SCAMP) study design and practical implications of an intervention for comorbid pain and depression. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2007;29:506-517
30. Cleeland CS. Measurement of pain by subjective report. In: Chapman CR, Loesser JD, eds. Advances in Pain Research and Therapy. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1989:391-403.
31. Williams LS, Jones WJ, Shen J, Robinson RL, Weinberger M, Kroenke K. Prevalence and impact of depression and pain in neurology outpatients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74:1587-1589
32. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 2001;16:606-613
33. Kroenke K, West SL, Swindle R, Gilsenan A, Eckert GJ, Dolor R, Stang P, Zhou XH, Hays R, Weinberger M. Similar effectiveness of paroxetine, fluoxetine, and sertraline in primary care: a randomized trial. JAMA 2001;286:2947-2955
34. Callahan CM, Unverzagt FW, Hui SL, Perkins AJ, Hendrie HC. Six-item screener to identify cognitive impairment among potential subjects for clinical research. Med Care 2002;40:771-781
35. Hanson RW, Gerber KE. Models of pain. Coping with Chronic Pain: A Guide to Patient Self-Management. New York: Guilford; 1990.
36. Cleeland CS, Ryan KM. Pain assessment: global use of the brief pain inventory. Ann Acad Med Singapore 1994;23:129-138
37. Tan G, Jensen MP, Thornby JI, Shanti BF. Validation of the brief pain inventory for chronic nonmalignant pain. J Pain 2004;5:133-137
38. Roland M, Morris R. A study of the natural history of back pain. Part I: development of a reliable and sensitive measure of disability in low-back pain. Spine 1983;8:141-144
39. Jensen MP, Strom SE, Turner JA, Romano JM. Validity of the sickness impact profile Roland scale as a measure of dysfunction in chronic pain patients. Pain 1992;50:157-162
40. Von Korff M, Ormel J, Keefe FJ, Dworkin SF. Grading the severity of chronic pain. Pain 1992;50:133-149
41. McHorney CA, Ware JE Jr, Raczek AE. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): II. Psychometric and clinical tests of validity in measuring physical and mental health constructs. Med Care 1993;31: 247-263
42. Ware JE Jr, Kosinski M, Keller SD. SF-36 Physical and Mental Health Summary Scales: A User's Manual. Boston: The Health Institute, New England Medical Center; 1994.
43. Katon W, Robinson P, Von Korff M, Lin E, Bush T, Ludman E, Simon G, Walker E. A multifaceted intervention to improve treatment of depression in primary care. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996;53:924-932
44. Unutzer J, Katon W, Callahan CM, Williams JW Jr, Hunkeler E, Harpole L, Hoffing M, la Penna RD, Noel PH, Lin EH, Arean PA, Hegel MT, Tang L, Belin TR, Oishi S, Langston C. IMPACT Investigators. Improving mood-promoting access to collaborative treatment. Collaborative care management of late-life depression in the primary care setting: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288:2836-2845
45. Bair MJ, Robinson RL, Eckert GJ, Stang PE, Croghan TW, Kroenke K. Impact of pain on depression treatment response in primary care. Psy-chosom Med 2004;66:17-22.
46. Katon W, Von Korff M, Lin E, Walker E, Simon GE, Bush T, Robinson P, Russo J. Collaborative management to achieve treatment guidelines. Impact on depression in primary care. JAMA 1995;273:1026-1031
47. Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JBW, Lowe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:1092-1097
48. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Monahan PO, Lowe B. Anxiety disorders in primary care: prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection. Ann Intern Med 2007;146:317-325
49. Perkins AJ, Kroenke K, Unutzer J, Katon W, Williams JW, Hope C, Callahan CM. Common comorbidity scales were similar in their ability to predict health care costs and mortality. J Clin Epidemiol 2004;57:1040-1048
50. Symreng I, Fishman SM. Anxiety and pain. Pain: Clin Updates 2004; XII:1-6.
51. Fishbain DA, Goldberg M, Meagher BR, Steele R, Rosomoff H. Male and female chronic pain patients categorized by DSM-III psychiatric diagnostic criteria. Pain 1986;26:181-197
52. Varni JW, Rapoff MA, Waldron SA, Gragg RA, Bernstein BH, Lindsley CB. Chronic pain and emotional distress in children and adolescents. J Dev Behav Pediatr 1996;17:154-161
53. Ferguson RJ, Ahles TA. Private body consciousness, anxiety and pain symptom reports of chronic pain patients. Behav Res Ther 1998;36:527-535
54. Porro CA. Functional imaging and pain: behavior, perception, and modulation. Neuroscientist 2003;9:354-369
55. Charney DS. Neuroanatomical circuits modulating fear and anxiety behaviors. Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand Suppl 2003;38-50.
56. Casey KL. Imaging pain. Pain: Clin Updates 2000;VIII:No 4.
57. Picavet HS, Vlaeyen JW, Schouten JS. Pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia: predictors of chronic low back pain. Am J Epidemiol 2002;156:1028-1034
58. Goldstein DJ, Lu Y, Detke MJ, Hudson J, Iyengar S, Demitrack MA. Effects of duloxetine on painful physical symptoms associated with depression. Psychosomatics 2004;45:17-28.
59. Dunner DL, Goldstein DJ, Mallinckrodt C, Lu Y, Detke MJ. Duloxetine in treatment of anxiety symptoms associated with depression. Depress Anxiety 2003;18:53-61.
60. Dworkin RH, Backonja M, Rowbotham MC, Allen RR, Argoff CR, Bennett GJ, Bushnell MC, Farrar JT, Galer BS, Haythornthwaite JA, Hewitt DJ, Loeser JD, Max MB, Saltarelli M, Schmader KE, Stein C, Thompson D, Turk DC, Wallace MS, Watkins LR, Weinstein SM. Advances in neuropathic pain: diagnosis, mechanisms, and treatment recommendations. Arch Neurol 2003;60:1524-1534
61. Kroenke K, Swindle R. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for somatization and symptom syndromes: a critical review of controlled clinical trials. Psychother Psychosom 2000;69:205-215
62. McCracken LM, Turk DC. Behavioral and cognitive-behavioral treatment for chronic pain: outcome, predictors of outcome, and treatment process. Spine 2002;27:2564-2573
63. Osborn RL, Demoncada AC, Feuerstein M. Psychosocial interventions for depression, anxiety, and quality of life in cancer survivors: meta-analyses. Int J Psychiatry Med 2006;36:13-34.
64. Mergl R, Seidscheck I, Allgaier AK, Moller HJ, Hegerl U, Henkel V. Depressive anxiety, and somatoform disorders in primary care: prevalence and recognition. Depress Anxiety 2007;24:185-195
65. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Löwe B. An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: the PHQ-4. Psychosomatics, In Press.
66. Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB. Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary care study. Primary care evaluation of mental disorders. patient health questionnaire. JAMA 1999; 282:1737-1744
67. Kessler D, Lloyd K, Lewis G, Gray DP. Cross sectional study of symptom attribution and recognition of depression and anxiety in primary care. BMJ 1999;318:436-439
68. Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Linzer M, Hahn SR, Williams JB, deGruy FV III, Brody D, Davies M. Health-related quality of life in primary care patients with mental disorders. Results from the PRIME-MD 1000 Study. JAMA 1995;274:1511-1517
69. Olfson M, Fireman B, Weissman MM, Leon AC, Sheehan DV, Kathol RG, Hoven C, Farber L. Mental disorders and disability among patients in a primary care group practice. Am J Psychiatry 1997;154:1734-1740
70. Sullivan MD, Edlund MJ, Zhang L, Unutzer J, Wells KB. Association between mental health disorders, problem drug use, and regular prescription opioid use. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:2087-2093
71. Linton SJ. A review of psychological risk factors in back and neck pain. Spine 2000;25:1148-1156
72. Fishbain DA. Approaches to treatment decisions for psychiatric comor-bidity in the management of the chronic pain patient. Med Clin North Am 1999;83:737-760
73. Koenig TW, Clark MR. Advances in comprehensive pain management. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1996;589-611.