Synergistic effects of reserves and connectivity on ecological resilience

Journal of Applied Ecology

Volumn 49, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 1195-1203

  Olds, Andrew D ^a   Pitt, Kylie A ^a   Maxwell, Paul S ^a   Connolly, Rod M ^a  

^a GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Australia; Coral reef; Fish; Herbivory; Landscape ecology; Mangroves; Marine reserve; Trophic cascade

Indexed keywords

ALGA; BIODIVERSITY; BIOMASS; CORAL REEF; DECISION MAKING; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE; ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION; FISH; HERBIVORY; LANDSCAPE; MANGROVE; MARINE PARK; NATURE RESERVE; RECRUITMENT (POPULATION DYNAMICS); SPECIES RICHNESS; SUCCESSION; TROPHIC CASCADE;

AUSTRALIA;

ALGAE; ANTHOZOA; RHIZOPHORACEAE;

EID: 84870371774     PISSN: 00218901     EISSN: 13652664     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jpe.12002     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Adam, T.C., Schmitt, R.J., Holbrook, S.J., Brooks, A.J., Edmunds, P.J., Carpenter, R.C. & Bernardi, G. (2011) Herbivory, connectivity, and ecosystem resilience: response of a coral reef to a large-scale perturbation. PLoS ONE, 6, e23717. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023717.
2. Albert, S., Udy, J. & Tibbetts, I.R. (2008) Responses of algal communities to gradients in herbivore biomass and water quality in Marovo Lagoon, Solomon Islands. Coral Reefs, 27, 73-82.
3. Babcock, R.C., Baird, A.H., Piromvaragorn, S., Thompson, D.P. & Willis, B.L. (2003) Identification of scleractinian coral recruits from Indo-Pacific reefs. Zoological Studies, 42, 211-226.
4. Babcock, R.C., Shears, N.T., Alcala, A.C., Barrett, N.S., Edgar, G.J., Lafferty, K.D., McClanahan, T.R. & Russ, G.R. (2010) Decadal trends in marine reserves reveal differential rates of change in direct and indirect effects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences United States of America, 107, 18256-18261.
5. Banks, S.A. & Harriott, V.J. (1996) Patterns of coral recruitment at the Gneering Shoals, southeast Queensland, Australia. Coral Reefs, 15, 225-230.
6. Beger, M., Grantham, H.S., Pressey, R.L., Wilson, K.A., Peterson, E.L., Dorfman, D., Mumby, P.J., Lourival, R., Brumbaugh, D.R. & Possingham, H.P. (2010) Conservation planning for connectivity across marine, freshwater, and terrestrial realms. Biological Conservation, 143, 565-575.
7. Bellwood, D.R. & Choat, J.H. (2011) Dangerous demographics: the lack of juvenile humphead parrotfishes Bolbometopon muricatum on the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs, 30, 549-554.
8. Bellwood, D.R., Hoey, A.S. & Hughes, T.P. (2012) Human activity selectively impacts the ecosystem roles of parrotfishes on coral reefs. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 279, 1621-1629.
9. Burkepile, D.E. & Hay, M.E. (2010) Impact of herbivore identity on algal succession and coral growth on a Caribbean reef. PLoS ONE, 5, e8963. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008963.
10. Cadotte, M.W., Carscadden, K. & Mirotchnick, N. (2011) Beyond species: functional diversity and the maintenance of ecological processes and services. Journal of Applied Ecology, 48, 1079-1087.
11. Ceccarelli, D.M., Jones, G.P. & McCook, L.J. (2011) Interactions between herbivorous fish guilds and their influence on algal succession on a coastal coral reef. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 399, 60-67.
12. Clarke, K. (1993) Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure. Austral Ecology, 18, 117-143.
13. Clarke, K.R., Somerfield, P.J. & Gorley, R.N. (2008) Testing of null hypotheses in exploratory community analyses: similarity profiles and biota-environment linkage. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 366, 56-69.
14. Cumming, G.S. (2011) Spatial resilience: integrating landscape ecology, resilience, and sustainability. Landscape Ecology, 26, 899-909.
15. Diaz-Pulido, G. & McCook, L.J. (2003) Relative roles of herbivory and nutrients in the recruitment of coral-reef seaweeds. Ecology, 84, 2026-2033.
16. Done, T.J. (1992) Phase shifts in coral reef communities and their ecological significance. Hydrobiologia, 247, 121-132.
17. Dorenbosch, M., Grol, M.G.G., de Groene, A., van Der Velde, G. & Nagelkerken, I. (2009) Piscivore assemblages and predation pressure affect relative safety of some back-reef habitats for juvenile fish in a Caribbean bay. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 379, 181-196.
18. Edwards, H.J., Elliott, I.A., Pressey, R.L. & Mumby, P.J. (2010) Incorporating ontogenetic dispersal, ecological processes and conservation zoning into reserve design. Biological Conservation, 143, 457-470.
19. Estes, J.A., Terborgh, J., Brashares, J.S., Power, M.E., Berger, J., Bond, W.J., Carpenter, S.R., Essington, T.E., Holt, R.D., Jackson, J.B.C., Marquis, R.J., Oksanen, L., Oksanen, T., Paine, R.T., Pikitch, E.K., Ripple, W.J., Sandin, S.A., Scheffer, M., Schoener, T.W., Shurin, J.B., Sinclair, A.R.E., Soule, M.E., Virtanen, R. & Wardle, D.A. (2011) Trophic downgrading of planet earth. Science, 333, 301-306.
20. Foley, M.M., Halpern, B.S., Micheli, F., Armsby, M.H., Caldwell, M.R., Crain, C.M., Prahler, E., Rohr, N., Sivas, D., Beck, M.W., Carr, M.H., Crowder, L.B., Duffy, J.E., Hacker, S.D., Mcleod, K.L., Palumbi, S.R., Peterson, C. Trophic downgrading of planet earth., Regan, H.M., Ruckelshaus, M.H., Sandifer, P.A. & Steneck, R.S. (2010) Guiding ecological principles for marine spatial planning. Marine Policy, 34, 955-966.
21. Folke, C., Carpenter, S., Walker, B., Scheffer, M., Elmqvist, T., Gunderson, L. & Holling, C.S. (2004) Regime shifts, resilience, and biodiversity in ecosystem management. Annual Review of Ecology and Evolutionary Systematics, 35, 557-581.
22. Garcia, D., Zamora, R. & Amico, G.C. (2010) Birds as suppliers of seed dispersal in temperate ecosystems: conservation guidelines from real world landscapes. Conservation Biology, 24, 1070-1079.
23. Grober-Dunsmore, R., Pittman, S.J., Caldow, C., Kendall, M.S. & Frazer, T.K. (2009) A landscape ecology approach for the study of ecological connectivity across tropical marine seascapes. Ecological Connectivity Among Tropical Coastal Ecosystems (ed I. Nagelkerken), pp. 493-530. Springer, Heidelberg.
24. Harriott, V.J. (1992) Recruitment patterns of scleractinian corals in an isolated sub-tropical reef system. Coral Reefs, 11, 215-219.
25. Harriott, V.J. & Banks, S.A. (1995) Recruitment of scleractinian corals in the Solitary Islands Marine Reserve, a high latitude coral-dominated community in eastern Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 123, 155-161.
26. Heck, K.L., Jr., Carruthers, T.J.B., Duarte, C.M., Hughes, A.R., Kendrick, G., Orth, R.J. & Williams, S.W. (2008) Trophic transfers from seagrass meadows subsidize diverse marine and terrestrial consumers. Ecosystems, 11, 1198-1210.
27. Hixon, M.A. & Brostoff, W.N. (1996) Succession and herbivory: effects of differential fish grazing on Hawaiian coral-reef algae. Ecological Monographs, 66, 67-90.
28. Hodgson, J.A., Thomas, C.D., Wintle, B.A. & Moilanen, A. (2009) Climate change, connectivity and conservation decision making: back to basics. Journal of Applied Ecology, 46, 964-969.
29. Hoey, A.S., Pratchett, M.S. & Cvitanovic, C. (2011) High macroalgal cover and low coral recruitment undermines the potential resilience of the world's southernmost coral reef assemblages. PLoS ONE, 6, e25824. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025824.
30. Hughes, T.P., Baird, A.H., Dinsdale, E.A., Harriott, V.J., Moltschaniwskyj, N.A., Pratchett, M.S., Tanner, J.E. & Willis, B.L. (2002) Detecting regional variation using meta-analysis and large-scale sampling: latitudinal patterns in recruitment. Ecology, 83, 436-451.
31. Hughes, T.P., Rodrigues, M.J., Bellwood, D.R., Ceccarelli, D., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., McCook, L., Moltschaniwskyj, N., Pratchett, M.S., Steneck, R.S. & Willis, B. (2007) Phase shifts, herbivory, and the resilience of coral reefs to climate change. Current Biology, 17, 360-365.
32. Hughes, T.P., Graham, N.A.J., Jackson, J.B.C., Mumby, P.J. & Steneck, R.S. (2010) Rising to the challenge of sustaining coral reef resilience. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 25, 633-642.
33. Kauffman, M.J., Brodie, J.F. & Jules, E.S. (2010) Are wolves saving Yellowstone's aspen? A landscape-level test of a behaviorally mediated trophic cascade Ecology, 91, 2741-2755.
34. Lindenmayer, D.B. & Fischer, J. (2007) Tackling the habitat fragmentation panchreston. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 22, 127-132.
35. Lundberg, J. & Moberg, F. (2003) Mobile link organisms and ecosystem functioning: implications for ecosystem resilience and management. Ecosystems, 6, 87-98.
36. Lybolt, M., Neil, D., Zhao, J., Feng, Y., Yu, K. & Pandolfi, J. (2011) Instability in a marginal coral reef: the shift from natural variability to a human-dominated seascape. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 9, 154-160.
37. Madin, E.M.P., Madin, J.S. & Booth, D.J. (2011) Landscape of fear visible from space. Scientific Reports, 1, 1-4. doi: 10.1038/srep00014.
38. Mapstone, B.D. (1995) Scalable decision rules for environmental impact studies: effect size, Type I, and Type II errors. Ecological Applications, 5, 401-410.
39. Massol, F., Gravel, D., Mouquet, N., Cadotte, M.W., Fukami, T. & Leibold, M.A. (2011) Linking community and ecosystem dynamics through spatial ecology. Ecology Letters, 14, 313-323.
40. McCook, L.J., Almany, G.R., Berumen, M.L., Day, J.C., Green, A.L., Jones, G.P., Leis, J.M., Planes, S., Russ, G.R., Sale, P.F. & Thorrold, S.R. (2009) Management under uncertainty: guide-lines for incorporating connectivity into the protection of coral reefs. Coral Reefs, 28, 353-366.
41. Micheli, F. & Halpern, B.S. (2005) Low functional redundancy in coastal marine assemblages. Ecology Letters, 8, 391-400.
42. Mumby, P.J. & Harborne, A.R. (2010) Marine reserves enhance the recovery of corals on Caribbean reefs. PLoS ONE, 5, e8657. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008657.
43. Mumby, P.J. & Hastings, A. (2008) The impact of ecosystem connectivity on coral reef resilience. Journal of Applied Ecology, 45, 854-862.
44. Mumby, P.J., Edwards, A.J., Arias-Gonzalez, J.E., Lindeman, K.C., Blackwell, P.G., Gall, A., Gorczynska, M.I., Harborne, A.R., Perscod, C.L., Renken, H., Wabnitz, C.C.C. & Llewellyn, G. (2004) Mangroves enhance the biomass of coral reef fish communities in the Caribbean. Nature, 427, 533-536.
45. Mumby, P.J., Harborne, A.R., Williams, J., Kappel, C.V., Brumbaugh, D.R., Micheli, F., Holmes, K.E., Dahlgren, C.P., Paris, C.B. & Blackwell, P.G. (2007) Trophic cascade facilitates coral recruitment in a marine reserve. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences United States of America, 104, 8362-8367.
46. Mundy, C.N. (2000) An appraisal of methods used in coral recruitment studies. Coral Reefs, 19, 124-131.
47. Nagelkerken, I., Grol, M.G.G. & Mumby, P.J. (2012) Effects of marine reserves versus nursery habitat availability on structure of reef fish communities. PLoS ONE, 7, e36906. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036906.
48. van Nes, E.H. & Scheffer, M. (2005) Implications of spatial heterogeneity for catastrophic regime shifts in ecosystems. Ecology, 86, 1797-1807.
49. Nyström, M. & Folke, C. (2001) Spatial resilience of coral reefs. Ecosystems, 4, 406-417.
50. Olds, A.D., Connolly, R.M., Pitt, K.A. & Maxwell, P.S. (2012a) Habitat connectivity improves reserve performance. Conservation Letters, 5, 56-63.
51. Olds, A.D., Connolly, R.M., Pitt, K.A. & Maxwell, P.S. (2012b) Primacy of seascape connectivity effects in structuring reef fish assemblages. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 462, 191-203.
52. Pandolfi, J.M., Bradbury, R.H., Sala, E., Hughes, T.P., Bjorndal, K.A., Cooke, R.G., McArdle, D., McClenachan, L., Newman, M.J.H., Paredes, G., Warner, R.R. & Jackson, J.B.C. (2003) Global trajectories of the long-term decline of coral reef ecosystems. Science, 301, 955-958.
53. Polis, G.A., Anderson, W.B. & Holt, R.D. (1997) Toward an integration of landscape and food web ecology: the dynamics of spatially subsidized food webs. Annual Review of Ecology and Evolutionary Systematics, 28, 289-316.
54. Quinn, G.P. & Keough, M.J. (2002) Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biologists. Cambridge University Press, New York.
55. Roff, G. & Mumby, P.J. (2012) Global disparity in the resilience of coral reefs. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 27, 404-413.
56. Smith, J.E., Hunter, C.L. & Smith, C.M. (2010) The effects of top-down versus bottom-up control on benthic coral reef community structure. Oecologia, 163, 497-507.
57. Spiller, D.A., Piovia-Scott, J., Wright, A.N., Yang, L.H., Takimoto, G., Schoener, T.W. & Iwata, T. (2010) Marine subsidies have multiple effects on coastal food webs. Ecology, 91, 1424-1434.
58. Staddon, P., Lindo, Z., Crittenden, P.D., Gilbert, F. & Gonzalez, A. (2010) Connectivity, non-random extinction and ecosystem function in experimental metacommunities. Ecology Letters, 13, 543-552.
59. Steneck, R.S., Paris, C.B., Arnold, S.N., Ablan-Lagman, M.C., Alcala, A.C., Butler, M.J., McCook, L.J., Russ, G.R. & Sale, P.F. (2009) Thinking and managing outside the box: coalescing connectivity networks to build region-wide resilience in coral reef ecosystems. Coral Reefs, 28, 367-378.
60. Terborgh, J. & Estes, J.A. (2010) Trophic Cascades: Predators, Prey, and the Changing Dynamics of Nature. Island Press, Washington DC.
61. Thaker, M., Vanak, A.T., Owen, C.R., Ogden, M.B., Niemann, S.M. & Slotow, R. (2011) Minimizing predation risk in a landscape of multiple predators: effects on the spatial distribution of African ungulates. Ecology, 92, 398-407.
62. Thompson, A., Costello, P., Davidson, J., Logan, M., Schaffelke, B., Takahashi, M. & Uthicke, S. (2011) Reef rescue marine monitoring program: final report of AIMS activities 2011 Inshore coral reef monitoring. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville.
63. Tibbetts, I.R. & Townsend, K.A. (2010) The abundance, biomass and size of macrograzers on reefs in Moreton Bay, Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 54, 373-384.
64. Underwood, A.J. (1992) Beyond BACI: the detection of environmental impacts on populations in the real, but variable, world. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 161, 145-178.
65. Underwood, A.J. (1997) Experiments in Ecology: their Logical Design and Interpretation Using Analysis of Variance. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
66. Vergés, A., Vanderklift, M.A., Doropoulos, C. & Hyndes, G.A. (2011) Spatial patterns in herbivory on a coral reef are influenced by structural complexity but not by algal traits. PLoS ONE, 6, e17115. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017115.