메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 265-273

Efficacy and safety of long-term botulinum toxin treatment in craniocervical dystonia: A systematic review

Author keywords

Botulinum toxin; Dystonia; Long term treatment; Symptomatic therapy

Indexed keywords

BOTULINUM TOXIN A; BOTULINUM TOXIN B; DRUG ANTIBODY; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; TOXIN ANTIBODY;

EID: 84870296423     PISSN: 10298428     EISSN: 14763524     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12640-012-9314-y     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (63)

References (84)
  • 1
    • 33747200488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurophysiological effects of botulinum toxin type A
    • Abbruzzese G, Berardelli A (2006) Neurophysiological effects of botulinum toxin type A. Neurotoxic Res 9:109-114
    • (2006) Neurotoxic Res , vol.9 , pp. 109-114
    • Abbruzzese, G.1    Berardelli, A.2
  • 2
    • 68849113601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discussion of unique properties of botulinum toxins
    • Albanese A (2009) Discussion of unique properties of botulinum toxins. Toxicon 54:702-708
    • (2009) Toxicon , vol.54 , pp. 702-708
    • Albanese, A.1
  • 4
    • 3042774054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic immunological aspects of botulinum toxin therapy
    • Atassi MZ (2004) Basic immunological aspects of botulinum toxin therapy. Mov Disord 19:S68-S84
    • (2004) Mov Disord , vol.19
    • Atassi, M.Z.1
  • 5
    • 0033023671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure, activity and immune recognition of botulinum neurotoxins
    • Atassi MZ, Oshima M (1999) Structure, activity and immune recognition of botulinum neurotoxins. Crit Rev Immunol 19:219-260
    • (1999) Crit Rev Immunol , vol.19 , pp. 219-260
    • Atassi, M.Z.1    Oshima, M.2
  • 6
    • 0036240889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What are the determinants of quality of life in people with cervical dystonia?
    • On behalf of the ESDE Collaborative Group
    • Ben-Shlomo Y, Camfield L, Warner T, On behalf of the ESDE Collaborative Group (2002) What are the determinants of quality of life in people with cervical dystonia? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 72:608-614
    • (2002) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.72 , pp. 608-614
    • Ben-Shlomo, Y.1    Camfield, L.2    Warner, T.3
  • 8
    • 14944381972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term safety, efficacy, dosing, and development of resistance with botulinum toxin type B in cervical dystonia
    • Berman B, Seeberger L, Kumar R (2005) Long-term safety, efficacy, dosing, and development of resistance with botulinum toxin type B in cervical dystonia. Mov Disord 20:233-237
    • (2005) Mov Disord , vol.20 , pp. 233-237
    • Berman, B.1    Seeberger, L.2    Kumar, R.3
  • 9
    • 77953336664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spasmodic dysphonia and botulinum toxin: Experience from the largest treatment series
    • Blitzer A (2010) Spasmodic dysphonia and botulinum toxin: experience from the largest treatment series. Eur J Neurol 17:28-30
    • (2010) Eur J Neurol , vol.17 , pp. 28-30
    • Blitzer, A.1
  • 10
    • 0031717677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin management of spasmodic dysphonia (laryngeal dystonia): A 12-year experience in more than 900 patients
    • Blitzer A, Brin MF, Stewart CF (1998) Botulinum toxin management of spasmodic dysphonia (laryngeal dystonia): a 12-year experience in more than 900 patients. Laryngoscope 108:1435-1441
    • (1998) Laryngoscope , vol.108 , pp. 1435-1441
    • Blitzer, A.1    Brin, M.F.2    Stewart, C.F.3
  • 11
    • 0029977787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin therapy, immunologic resistance, and problems with available materials
    • Borodic G, Johnson E, Goodnough M, Schantz E (1996) Botulinum toxin therapy, immunologic resistance, and problems with available materials. Neurology 46:26-29
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 26-29
    • Borodic, G.1    Johnson, E.2    Goodnough, M.3    Schantz, E.4
  • 12
    • 4644249308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidance for the preparation of neurological management guidelines by EFNS scientific task forces - Revised recommendations 2004
    • Brainin M, Barnes M, Baron J-C, Gilhus NE, Hughes R, Selmaj K, Waldemar G (2004) Guidance for the preparation of neurological management guidelines by EFNS scientific task forces - revised recommendations 2004. Eur J Neurol 11:577-581
    • (2004) Eur J Neurol , vol.11 , pp. 577-581
    • Brainin, M.1    Barnes, M.2    Baron, J.-C.3    Gilhus, N.E.4    Hughes, R.5    Selmaj, K.6    Waldemar, G.7
  • 13
    • 0031867556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longterm effect of botulinum toxin on impairment and functional health in cervical dystonia
    • Brans JWM, Lindeboom R, Aramideh M, Speelman JD (1998) Longterm effect of botulinum toxin on impairment and functional health in cervical dystonia. Neurology 50:1461-1463
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 1461-1463
    • Brans, J.W.M.1    Lindeboom, R.2    Aramideh, M.3    Speelman, J.D.4
  • 14
    • 18444418557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal assessment of the dose consistency of botulinum toxin type A (Botox) for cervical dystonia
    • Brashear A, Hogan P, Wooten-Watts M, Marchetti A, Magar R, Martin J (2005) Longitudinal assessment of the dose consistency of botulinum toxin type A (Botox) for cervical dystonia. Adv Ther 22:49-55
    • (2005) Adv Ther , vol.22 , pp. 49-55
    • Brashear, A.1    Hogan, P.2    Wooten-Watts, M.3    Marchetti, A.4    Magar, R.5    Martin, J.6
  • 15
    • 33748271738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin: Chemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and immunology
    • Brin MF (1997) Botulinum toxin: chemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and immunology. Muscle Nerve 6:S146-S168
    • (1997) Muscle Nerve , vol.6
    • Brin, M.F.1
  • 16
    • 0032716402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of Neurobloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A resistant cervical dystonia
    • Brin M, Lew M, Adler C et al (1999) Safety and efficacy of Neurobloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A resistant cervical dystonia. Neurology 53(7):1431-1438
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , Issue.7 , pp. 1431-1438
    • Brin, M.1    Lew, M.2    Adler, C.3
  • 17
    • 33044503173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of botulinum toxin therapy
    • Brin MF, Comella C eds, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia
    • Brin MF, Aoki KR, Dressler D (2004) Pharmacology of botulinum toxin therapy. In: Brin MF, Comella C (eds) Dystonia: etiology, clinical features, and treatment. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 93-112
    • (2004) Dystonia: Etiology, Clinical Features, and Treatment , pp. 93-112
    • Brin, M.F.1    Aoki, K.R.2    Dressler, D.3
  • 18
    • 52649113805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term treatment with botulinum toxin type A in cervical dystonia has low immunogenicity by mouse protection assay
    • Brin MF, Comella CL, Jankovic J (2008) Long-term treatment with botulinum toxin type A in cervical dystonia has low immunogenicity by mouse protection assay. Mov Disord 23:1353-1360
    • (2008) Mov Disord , vol.23 , pp. 1353-1360
    • Brin, M.F.1    Comella, C.L.2    Jankovic, J.3
  • 19
    • 0031919375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The corticomotor representation of upper limb muscles in writer's cramp and changes following botulinum toxin injection
    • Byrnes ML, Thickbroom GW, Wilson SA et al (1998) The corticomotor representation of upper limb muscles in writer's cramp and changes following botulinum toxin injection. Brain 121:977-988
    • (1998) Brain , vol.121 , pp. 977-988
    • Byrnes, M.L.1    Thickbroom, G.W.2    Wilson, S.A.3
  • 20
    • 0038318929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of blepharospasm with botulinum neurotoxin type A: Long-term results
    • Calace P, Cortese G, Piscopo R et al (2003) Treatment of blepharospasm with botulinum neurotoxin type A: long-term results. Eur J Ophtalmol 13:331-336
    • (2003) Eur J Ophtalmol , vol.13 , pp. 331-336
    • Calace, P.1    Cortese, G.2    Piscopo, R.3
  • 21
    • 61849158286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A reappraisal of the central effects of botulinum neurotoxin type A: By what mechanism?
    • Caleo M, Antonucci F, Restani L, Mazzocchio R (2009) A reappraisal of the central effects of botulinum neurotoxin type A: by what mechanism? J Neurochem 109:15-24
    • (2009) J Neurochem , vol.109 , pp. 15-24
    • Caleo, M.1    Antonucci, F.2    Restani, L.3    Mazzocchio, R.4
  • 23
    • 0030981262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin does not reverse the cortical dysfunction associated with writer's cramp. A PET study
    • Ceballos-Baumann AO, Sheean G, Passingham RE, Mardsen CD, Brooks DJ (1997) Botulinum toxin does not reverse the cortical dysfunction associated with writer's cramp. A PET study. Brain 120:571-582
    • (1997) Brain , vol.120 , pp. 571-582
    • Ceballos-Baumann, A.O.1    Sheean, G.2    Passingham, R.E.3    Mardsen, C.D.4    Brooks, D.J.5
  • 24
    • 0025892064 scopus 로고
    • Idiopathic cervical dystonia: Clinical characteristics
    • Chan J, Brin MF, Fahn S (1991) Idiopathic cervical dystonia: clinical characteristics. Mov Disord 6:119-126
    • (1991) Mov Disord , vol.6 , pp. 119-126
    • Chan, J.1    Brin, M.F.2    Fahn, S.3
  • 25
    • 34548307281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of botulinum neurotoxin preparations for the treatment of cervical dystonia
    • Chapman MA, Barron R, Tanis DC et al (2007) Comparison of botulinum neurotoxin preparations for the treatment of cervical dystonia. Clin Ther 29(7):1325-1337
    • (2007) Clin Ther , vol.29 , Issue.7 , pp. 1325-1337
    • Chapman, M.A.1    Barron, R.2    Tanis, D.C.3
  • 26
    • 77951108058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term efficacy of botulinum toxin A for treatment of blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, and spastic entropion: A multicentre study using two drug-dose escalation indexes
    • Cillino S, Raimondi G, Gue'pratte N et al (2010) Long-term efficacy of botulinum toxin A for treatment of blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, and spastic entropion: a multicentre study using two drug-dose escalation indexes. Eye 24:600-607
    • (2010) Eye , vol.24 , pp. 600-607
    • Cillino, S.1    Raimondi, G.2    Gue'Pratte, N.3
  • 27
    • 80052524007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical phenomenology of dystonia
    • Brotchie J, Bezard E, Jenner P eds
    • Colosimo C, Berardelli A (2011) Clinical phenomenology of dystonia. In: Brotchie J, Bezard E, Jenner P (eds) International Review of Neurobiology, vol 98. pp 509-524
    • (2011) International Review of Neurobiology , vol.98 , pp. 509-524
    • Colosimo, C.1    Berardelli, A.2
  • 28
    • 77953334488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of blepharospasm
    • Truong D, Hallett M, Dressler D eds Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Colosimo C, Tiple D, Berardelli A (2009) Treatment of blepharospasm. In: Truong D, Hallett M, Dressler D (eds) Manual of Botulinum toxin therapy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 49-53
    • (2009) Manual of Botulinum Toxin Therapy , pp. 49-53
    • Colosimo, C.1    Tiple, D.2    Berardelli, A.3
  • 29
    • 77953343014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Craniocervical dystonia: Clinical and pathophysiological features
    • Colosimo C, Suppa A, Fabbrini G, Bologna M, Berardelli A (2010) Craniocervical dystonia: clinical and pathophysiological features. Eur J Neurol 17(Suppl 1):15-21
    • (2010) Eur J Neurol , vol.17 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 15-21
    • Colosimo, C.1    Suppa, A.2    Fabbrini, G.3    Bologna, M.4    Berardelli, A.5
  • 30
    • 67650375991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do the unintended actions of botulinum toxin at distant sites have clinical implications?
    • CurràA, Berardelli A (2009) Do the unintended actions of botulinum toxin at distant sites have clinical implications? Neurology 72:1095-1099
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.72 , pp. 1095-1099
    • Currà, A.1    Berardelli, A.2
  • 31
    • 4444225959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of long-term botulinum toxin injections on symptom severity in patients with spasmodic dysphonia
    • Damrose FJ, Goldman NS, Groessl EJ, Orloff LA (2004) The impact of long-term botulinum toxin injections on symptom severity in patients with spasmodic dysphonia. J Voice 18:415-422
    • (2004) J Voice , vol.18 , pp. 415-422
    • Damrose, F.J.1    Goldman, N.S.2    Groessl, E.J.3    Orloff, L.A.4
  • 32
    • 0036191227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin A treatment for primary hemifacial spasm: A 10-year multicenter study
    • Defazio G, Abbruzzese G, Girlanda P et al (2002) Botulinum toxin A treatment for primary hemifacial spasm: a 10-year multicenter study. Arch Neurol 59:418-420
    • (2002) Arch Neurol , vol.59 , pp. 418-420
    • Defazio, G.1    Abbruzzese, G.2    Girlanda, P.3
  • 33
    • 0037216403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic side effects of botulinum toxin type B treatment of cervical dystonia and hyperhidrosis
    • Dressler D, Benecke R (2003) Autonomic side effects of botulinum toxin type B treatment of cervical dystonia and hyperhidrosis. Eur Neurol 49:34-38
    • (2003) Eur Neurol , vol.49 , pp. 34-38
    • Dressler, D.1    Benecke, R.2
  • 34
    • 33645107639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunological aspects of Botox, Dysport and Myobloc/Neurobloc
    • Dressler D, Hallett M (2006) Immunological aspects of Botox, Dysport and Myobloc/Neurobloc. Eur J Neurol 13:11-15
    • (2006) Eur J Neurol , vol.13 , pp. 11-15
    • Dressler, D.1    Hallett, M.2
  • 35
    • 0036176127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibody induced botulinum-toxin therapy failure: Can it be overcome by increased botulinum toxin doses?
    • Dressler D, Munchau A, Bhatia KP, Quinn NP, Bigalke H (2002) Antibody induced botulinum-toxin therapy failure: can it be overcome by increased botulinum toxin doses? Eur Neurol 47:118-121
    • (2002) Eur Neurol , vol.47 , pp. 118-121
    • Dressler, D.1    Munchau, A.2    Bhatia, K.P.3    Quinn, N.P.4    Bigalke, H.5
  • 36
    • 0042381872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin type B in antibody-induced botulinum toxin type A therapy failure
    • Dressler D, Bigalke H, Beneche R (2003) Botulinum toxin type B in antibody-induced botulinum toxin type A therapy failure. J Neurol 250:967-969
    • (2003) J Neurol , vol.250 , pp. 967-969
    • Dressler, D.1    Bigalke, H.2    Beneche, R.3
  • 37
    • 0030199329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum-A toxin in the treatment of craniocervical muscle spasms: Short-and long-term, local and systemic effects
    • Dutton JJ (1996) Botulinum-A toxin in the treatment of craniocervical muscle spasms: short-and long-term, local and systemic effects. Surv Ophthalmol 41:51-65
    • (1996) Surv Ophthalmol , vol.41 , pp. 51-65
    • Dutton, J.J.1
  • 38
    • 0023691092 scopus 로고
    • Long-term results and complications of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of blepharospasm
    • Dutton JJ, Buckley EG (1988) Long-term results and complications of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of blepharospasm. Ophtalmology 95:1529-1534
    • (1988) Ophtalmology , vol.95 , pp. 1529-1534
    • Dutton, J.J.1    Buckley, E.G.2
  • 40
    • 0023232081 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of botulinum toxin therapy for essential blepharospasm
    • Engstrom PF, Arnoult JB, Mazow ML et al (1987) Effectiveness of botulinum toxin therapy for essential blepharospasm. Ophtalmology 17:971-975
    • (1987) Ophtalmology , vol.17 , pp. 971-975
    • Engstrom, P.F.1    Arnoult, J.B.2    Mazow, M.L.3
  • 41
    • 77949528748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychiatric disorders in adult-onset focal dystonia: A case-control study
    • Fabbrini G, Berardelli I, Moretti G et al (2010) Psychiatric disorders in adult-onset focal dystonia: a case-control study. Mov Disord 25:459-465
    • (2010) Mov Disord , vol.25 , pp. 459-465
    • Fabbrini, G.1    Berardelli, I.2    Moretti, G.3
  • 42
    • 0027312028 scopus 로고
    • Botulinum A toxin effects o rat jaw muscle spindles
    • Filippi GM, Errico P, Santarelli R et al (1993) Botulinum A toxin effects o rat jaw muscle spindles. Acta Otolaryngol 113:400-404
    • (1993) Acta Otolaryngol , vol.113 , pp. 400-404
    • Filippi, G.M.1    Errico, P.2    Santarelli, R.3
  • 43
    • 79959843134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of dose and response to botulinum toxin A in cervical dystonia: A multicenter study
    • Garcia Ruiz PJ, Martinez Castrillo JC, Burguera JA et al (2011) Evolution of dose and response to botulinum toxin A in cervical dystonia: a multicenter study. J Neurol 258:1055-1057
    • (2011) J Neurol , vol.258 , pp. 1055-1057
    • Garcia Ruiz, P.J.1    Martinez Castrillo, J.C.2    Burguera, J.A.3
  • 44
    • 0033945711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of botulinum toxin type A on intracortical inhibition in patients with dystonia
    • Giglio F, Curra A, Lorenzano C, Modugno N, Manfredi M, Berardelli A (2000) Effects of botulinum toxin type A on intracortical inhibition in patients with dystonia. Ann Neurol 48:20-26
    • (2000) Ann Neurol , vol.48 , pp. 20-26
    • Giglio, F.1    Curra, A.2    Lorenzano, C.3    Modugno, N.4    Manfredi, M.5    Berardelli, A.6
  • 45
    • 77957549524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term efficacy of botulinum a toxin for blepharospasmand hemifacial spasm
    • Gill HS, Kraft SP (2010) Long-term efficacy of botulinum a toxin for blepharospasmand hemifacial spasm. Can J Neurol Sci 37:631-636
    • (2010) Can J Neurol Sci , vol.37 , pp. 631-636
    • Gill, H.S.1    Kraft, S.P.2
  • 46
    • 84856187944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of repeated NT 201 (botulinum neurotoxin type A free from complexing proteins) injections of patients with cervical dystonia: A first long-term safety analysis
    • Grafe S, Hanschmann A (2010) Safety and efficacy of repeated NT 201 (botulinum neurotoxin type A free from complexing proteins) injections of patients with cervical dystonia: a first long-term safety analysis. Neurology 74(9 Suppl 2):A88
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.74 , Issue.9 SUPPL. 2
    • Grafe, S.1    Hanschmann, A.2
  • 48
    • 0028345811 scopus 로고
    • Development of resistance to botulinum toxin type A in patients with torticollis
    • Greene P, Fahn S, Diamond B (1994) Development of resistance to botulinum toxin type A in patients with torticollis. Mov Disord 9:213-217
    • (1994) Mov Disord , vol.9 , pp. 213-217
    • Greene, P.1    Fahn, S.2    Diamond, B.3
  • 49
    • 0031795728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dystonia and botulinum toxin treatment on health-related quality of life
    • Gudex CM, Hawthorne MR, Butler AG, Duffey P (1998) Effect of dystonia and botulinum toxin treatment on health-related quality of life. Mov Disord 13:941-946
    • (1998) Mov Disord , vol.13 , pp. 941-946
    • Gudex, C.M.1    Hawthorne, M.R.2    Butler, A.G.3    Duffey, P.4
  • 50
    • 0002267607 scopus 로고
    • Immunogenicity of the neurotoxins of Clostridium botulinum
    • Jankovic J, Hallett M eds, Marcel Dekker, New York
    • Hatheway CL, Dang C (1994) Immunogenicity of the neurotoxins of Clostridium botulinum. In: Jankovic J, Hallett M (eds) Therapy with botulinum toxin. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 93-108
    • (1994) Therapy with Botulinum Toxin , pp. 93-108
    • Hatheway, C.L.1    Dang, C.2
  • 52
    • 0034917328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health related quality of life is improved by botulinum neurotoxin type A in long term treated patients with focal dystonia
    • Hilker R, Schischniaschvili M, Ghaemi M, Jacobs A, Rudolf J (2001) Health related quality of life is improved by botulinum neurotoxin type A in long term treated patients with focal dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 71:193-199
    • (2001) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.71 , pp. 193-199
    • Hilker, R.1    Schischniaschvili, M.2    Ghaemi, M.3    Jacobs, A.4    Rudolf, J.5
  • 54
    • 0036869216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term efficacy of botulinum toxin A in treatment of various movement disorders over a 10-year period
    • Hsiung GYR, Das SK, Ranawaya R, Lafontaine AL, Suchowersky O (2002) Long-term efficacy of botulinum toxin A in treatment of various Movement Disorders over a 10-year period. Mov Disord 17:1288-1293
    • (2002) Mov Disord , vol.17 , pp. 1288-1293
    • Hsiung, G.Y.R.1    Das, S.K.2    Ranawaya, R.3    Lafontaine, A.L.4    Suchowersky, O.5
  • 55
    • 3042818315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of cervical dystonia with botulinum toxin
    • Jankovic J (2004a) Treatment of cervical dystonia with botulinum toxin. Mov Disord 19:S109-S115
    • (2004) Mov Disord , vol.19
    • Jankovic, J.1
  • 57
    • 0021369330 scopus 로고
    • Blepharospasm: Demographic and clinical survey of 250 patients
    • Jankovic J, Orman J (1984) Blepharospasm: demographic and clinical survey of 250 patients. Ann Ophthalmol 16:371-376
    • (1984) Ann Ophthalmol , vol.16 , pp. 371-376
    • Jankovic, J.1    Orman, J.2
  • 58
    • 0028803612 scopus 로고
    • Resistance and immunoresistance to botulinum toxin injections
    • Jankovic J, Schwartz K (1995) Resistance and immunoresistance to botulinum toxin injections. Neurology 45:1743-1746
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 1743-1746
    • Jankovic, J.1    Schwartz, K.2
  • 59
    • 0037426445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of efficacy and immunogenicity of original versus current botulinum toxin in cervical dystonia
    • Jankovic J, Vuong KD, Ahsan J (2003) Comparison of efficacy and immunogenicity of original versus current botulinum toxin in cervical dystonia. Neurology 60:1186-1188
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , pp. 1186-1188
    • Jankovic, J.1    Vuong, K.D.2    Ahsan, J.3
  • 60
    • 0023797430 scopus 로고
    • Cranial dystonia, blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm: Clinical features and treatment, including the use of botulinum toxin
    • Kraft SP, Lang AE (1988) Cranial dystonia, blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm: clinical features and treatment, including the use of botulinum toxin. CMAJ 139:837-844
    • (1988) CMAJ , vol.139 , pp. 837-844
    • Kraft, S.P.1    Lang, A.E.2
  • 61
    • 0023907883 scopus 로고
    • The clinical course of spasmodic torticollis
    • Lowenstein DH, Aminoff MJ (1988) The clinical course of spasmodic torticollis. Neurology 38:530-532
    • (1988) Neurology , vol.38 , pp. 530-532
    • Lowenstein, D.H.1    Aminoff, M.J.2
  • 63
    • 20844447349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term botulinum toxin efficacy, safety and immunogenicity
    • Mejia NI, Young KD, Jankovic J (2005) Long-term botulinum toxin efficacy, safety and immunogenicity. Mov Disord 20:592-597
    • (2005) Mov Disord , vol.20 , pp. 592-597
    • Mejia, N.I.1    Young, K.D.2    Jankovic, J.3
  • 64
    • 0031761313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulium toxin restores presynaptic inhibition of group la afferents in patients with essential tremor
    • Modugno N, Priori A, Berardelli A et al (1998) Botulium toxin restores presynaptic inhibition of group la afferents in patients with essential tremor. Muscle Nerve 21:1701-1705
    • (1998) Muscle Nerve , vol.21 , pp. 1701-1705
    • Modugno, N.1    Priori, A.2    Berardelli, A.3
  • 66
    • 18444379339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of blepharospasm and cervical dystonia on health-related quality of life and depression
    • Müller J, Kemmler G, Wissel J et al (2002) The impact of blepharospasm and cervical dystonia on health-related quality of life and depression. J Neurol 249:842-846
    • (2002) J Neurol , vol.249 , pp. 842-846
    • Müller, J.1    Kemmler, G.2    Wissel, J.3
  • 67
    • 3242670022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of botulinum toxin type A: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Naumann M, Jankovic J (2004) Safety of botulinum toxin type A: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Med Res Opin 20:981-990
    • (2004) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.20 , pp. 981-990
    • Naumann, M.1    Jankovic, J.2
  • 68
    • 42449094997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal follow-up of adductor spasmodic dysphonia patients after botulinum toxin injection: Quality of life results
    • Paniello RC, Barlow J, Serna JS (2008) Longitudinal follow-up of adductor spasmodic dysphonia patients after botulinum toxin injection: quality of life results. Laryngoscope 118:564-568
    • (2008) Laryngoscope , vol.118 , pp. 564-568
    • Paniello, R.C.1    Barlow, J.2    Serna, J.S.3
  • 69
    • 34147187742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin in movement disorders
    • Papapetropoulos S, Singer C (2007) Botulinum toxin in movement disorders. Semin Neurol 27:183-194
    • (2007) Semin Neurol , vol.27 , pp. 183-194
    • Papapetropoulos, S.1    Singer, C.2
  • 70
    • 0029042106 scopus 로고
    • Physiological effects produced by botulinum toxin treatment of upper limb dystonia. Changes in reciprocal inhibition between forearm muscles
    • Priori A, Berardelli A, Mercuri B, Manfredi M (1995) Physiological effects produced by botulinum toxin treatment of upper limb dystonia. Changes in reciprocal inhibition between forearm muscles. Brain 118:801-807
    • (1995) Brain , vol.118 , pp. 801-807
    • Priori, A.1    Berardelli, A.2    Mercuri, B.3    Manfredi, M.4
  • 71
    • 12744260405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health-related quality of life in blepharospasm or hemifacial spasm
    • Reimer J, Gilg K, Karow A, Esser J, Franke GH (2005) Health-related quality of life in blepharospasm or hemifacial spasm. Acta Neurol Scand 111:64-70
    • (2005) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.111 , pp. 64-70
    • Reimer, J.1    Gilg, K.2    Karow, A.3    Esser, J.4    Franke, G.H.5
  • 72
    • 0029920995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrafusal and intrafusal muscle effects in experimental botulinum toxin injection
    • Rosales RL, Arimura K, Takenaga S et al (1996) Extrafusal and intrafusal muscle effects in experimental botulinum toxin injection. Muscle Nerve 19:488-496
    • (1996) Muscle Nerve , vol.19 , pp. 488-496
    • Rosales, R.L.1    Arimura, K.2    Takenaga, S.3
  • 73
    • 0035239239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins: Turning bad guys into good by research
    • Rossetto O, Seveso M, Caccin P, Schiavo G, Montecucco C (2001) Tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins: turning bad guys into good by research. Toxicon 39:27-41
    • (2001) Toxicon , vol.39 , pp. 27-41
    • Rossetto, O.1    Seveso, M.2    Caccin, P.3    Schiavo, G.4    Montecucco, C.5
  • 74
    • 3242745955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical comparability of marketed formulations of botulinum toxin
    • Sampaio C, Costa J, Ferreira JJ (2004) Clinical comparability of marketed formulations of botulinum toxin. Mov Disord 19:S129-S136
    • (2004) Mov Disord , vol.19
    • Sampaio, C.1    Costa, J.2    Ferreira, J.J.3
  • 75
    • 0022004085 scopus 로고
    • Botulinum A toxin injection as a treatment for blepharospasm
    • Scott AB, Kennedy RA, Stubbs HHA (1985) Botulinum A toxin injection as a treatment for blepharospasm. Arch Ophthalmol 103:347-350
    • (1985) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.103 , pp. 347-350
    • Scott, A.B.1    Kennedy, R.A.2    Stubbs, H.H.A.3
  • 76
    • 43149083728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment: Botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of movement disorders (an evidence based review): Report of the therapeutics and technology assessment subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
    • Simpson DM, Blitzer A, Brashear A (2008) Assessment: Botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of movement disorders (an evidence based review): report of the therapeutics and technology assessment subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 70:1699-1706
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.70 , pp. 1699-1706
    • Simpson, D.M.1    Blitzer, A.2    Brashear, A.3
  • 77
    • 14044254756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The course of cervical dystonia and patient satisfaction with long-term botulinum toxin A treatment
    • Skogseid IM, Kerty E (2005) The course of cervical dystonia and patient satisfaction with long-term botulinum toxin A treatment. Eur J Neurol 12:163-170
    • (2005) Eur J Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 163-170
    • Skogseid, I.M.1    Kerty, E.2
  • 78
    • 34648830910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants and status of quality of life after long-term botulinum toxin therapy for cervical dystonia
    • Skogseid IM, Malt UF, Roislien J, Kerty E (2007) Determinants and status of quality of life after long-term botulinum toxin therapy for cervical dystonia. Eur J Neurol 14:1129-1137
    • (2007) Eur J Neurol , vol.14 , pp. 1129-1137
    • Skogseid, I.M.1    Malt, U.F.2    Roislien, J.3    Kerty, E.4
  • 79
    • 0032763527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin A in patients with oromandibular dystonia: Long-term follow-up
    • Tan EK, Jankovic J (1999) Botulinum toxin A in patients with oromandibular dystonia: long-term follow-up. Neurology 53:2102-2107
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , pp. 2102-2107
    • Tan, E.K.1    Jankovic, J.2
  • 80
    • 50049121562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic cardiovascular function and baroreflex sensitivity in patients with cervical dystonia receiving treatment with botulinum toxin type A
    • Tiple D, Strano S, Colosimo C et al (2008) Autonomic cardiovascular function and baroreflex sensitivity in patients with cervical dystonia receiving treatment with botulinum toxin type A. J Neurol 255:843-847
    • (2008) J Neurol , vol.255 , pp. 843-847
    • Tiple, D.1    Strano, S.2    Colosimo, C.3
  • 81
    • 33745820860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin changes intrafusal feedback in dystonia: A study with the tonic vibration reflex
    • Trompetto C, Currà A, Buccolieri A, Suppa A, Abbruzzese G, Berardelli A (2006) Botulinum toxin changes intrafusal feedback in dystonia: a study with the tonic vibration reflex. Mov Disord 21:777-782
    • (2006) Mov Disord , vol.21 , pp. 777-782
    • Trompetto, C.1    Currà, A.2    Buccolieri, A.3    Suppa, A.4    Abbruzzese, G.5    Berardelli, A.6
  • 82
    • 77952958535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A (Dysport) in cervical dystonia
    • Truong D, Brodsky M, Lew M et al (2010) Long-term efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A (Dysport) in cervical dystonia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 16:316-323
    • (2010) Parkinsonism Relat Disord , vol.16 , pp. 316-323
    • Truong, D.1    Brodsky, M.2    Lew, M.3
  • 83
    • 0029041999 scopus 로고
    • Five-year experience in the treatment of focal movement disorders with low-dose Dysport botulinum toxin
    • Van den Bergh P, Francart J, Mourin S, Kollmann P, Laterre EC (1995) Five-year experience in the treatment of focal movement disorders with low-dose Dysport botulinum toxin. Muscle Nerve 18:720-729
    • (1995) Muscle Nerve , vol.18 , pp. 720-729
    • Van Den Bergh, P.1    Francart, J.2    Mourin, S.3    Kollmann, P.4    Laterre, E.C.5
  • 84
    • 0036927664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of dystonia: A neuronal model
    • Vitek JL (2002) Pathophysiology of dystonia: a neuronal model. Mov Disord 17:S49-S62
    • (2002) Mov Disord , vol.17
    • Vitek, J.L.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.