메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 499-514

Reconceptualizing hate crime victimization through the lens of vulnerability and ‘difference’

Author keywords

hate crime; identity; victimization; vulnerability; Difference

Indexed keywords


EID: 84869998280     PISSN: 13624806     EISSN: 14617439     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1362480612439432     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (170)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 85183231890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race, bigotry and hate crime: Asian Americans and the construction of difference
    • In: Perry B (ed.) Westport, CT: Praeger
    • Ahn Lin H (2009) Race, bigotry and hate crime: Asian Americans and the construction of difference. In: Perry B (ed.) Hate Crimes Volume 3: The Victims of Hate Crime. Westport, CT: Praeger, pp. 65–84.
    • (2009) Hate Crimes Volume 3: The Victims of Hate Crime , pp. 65-84
    • Ahn Lin, H.1
  • 2
    • 84870048438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A much needed sanctuary from shocking homeless situations
    • 5 April
    • Allan C (2011) A much needed sanctuary from shocking homeless situations. Guardian, 5 April, 33.
    • (2011) Guardian , pp. 33
    • Allan, C.1
  • 5
    • 84864926351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family victim ‘devoted mother
    • 7 November Available at: (accessed 15 July 2011)
    • BBC (2010) Family victim ‘devoted mother’. BBC News, 7 November. Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/cornwall/8348325.stm (accessed 15 July 2011).
    • (2010) BBC News
  • 6
    • 34250050600 scopus 로고
    • Racial harassment and the process of victimisation
    • Bowling B (1993) Racial harassment and the process of victimisation. British Journal of Criminology 33(2): 231–250.
    • (1993) British Journal of Criminology , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 231-250
    • Bowling, B.1
  • 7
    • 84997901541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crossbow cannibal’ victims’ drug habits made them vulnerable to violence
    • 21 December
    • Carter H (2010) ‘Crossbow cannibal’ victims’ drug habits made them vulnerable to violence. Guardian, 21 December, 2.
    • (2010) Guardian , pp. 2
    • Carter, H.1
  • 8
    • 84855941033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crimes against the ‘other’: Conceptual, operational and empirical challenges for hate studies
    • Chakraborti N (2010) Crimes against the ‘other’: Conceptual, operational and empirical challenges for hate studies. Journal of Hate Studies 8(1): 9–28.
    • (2010) Journal of Hate Studies , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-28
    • Chakraborti, N.1
  • 11
    • 84920772304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rurality and racialised others: Out of place in the countryside?
    • In: Chakraborti N, Garland J (eds) Cullompton: Willan
    • Cloke P (2004) Rurality and racialised others: Out of place in the countryside? In: Chakraborti N, Garland J (eds) Rural Racism. Cullompton: Willan, pp. 17–35.
    • (2004) Rural Racism , pp. 17-35
    • Cloke, P.1
  • 14
    • 33749450001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Getting the message? ‘New’ Labour and the criminalisation of ‘hate
    • Dixon B, Gadd D (2006) Getting the message? ‘New’ Labour and the criminalisation of ‘hate’. Criminology and Criminal Justice 6(3): 309–328.
    • (2006) Criminology and Criminal Justice , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 309-328
    • Dixon, B.1    Gadd, D.2
  • 15
    • 84870028640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vulnerable tenants targeted by drug gang ‘cuckoos
    • 3 October
    • Doward J (2010) Vulnerable tenants targeted by drug gang ‘cuckoos’. Observer, 3 October, 16.
    • (2010) Observer , pp. 16
    • Doward, J.1
  • 16
    • 77950687380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foreign nationals, enemy penology and the criminal justice system
    • Fekete L, Webber F (2010) Foreign nationals, enemy penology and the criminal justice system. Race and Class 51(4): 1–25.
    • (2010) Race and Class , vol.51 , Issue.4 , pp. 1-25
    • Fekete, L.1    Webber, F.2
  • 17
    • 71949093674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aggravating racism and elusive motivation
    • Gadd D (2009) Aggravating racism and elusive motivation. British Journal of Criminology 49(6): 755–771.
    • (2009) British Journal of Criminology , vol.49 , Issue.6 , pp. 755-771
    • Gadd, D.1
  • 18
    • 84998124954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • It's a mosher just been banged for no reason’: Assessing the victimisation of goths and the boundaries of hate crime
    • Garland J (2010) ‘It's a mosher just been banged for no reason’: Assessing the victimisation of goths and the boundaries of hate crime. International Review of Victimology 17(2): 159–177.
    • (2010) International Review of Victimology , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 159-177
    • Garland, J.1
  • 19
    • 84864954883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dilemmas in defining hate crime victimisation
    • Garland J (2012) Dilemmas in defining hate crime victimisation. International Review of Victimology 18(1): 25–37.
    • (2012) International Review of Victimology , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-37
    • Garland, J.1
  • 20
    • 33745437169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hearing lost voices: Issues in researching ‘hidden’ minority ethnic communities
    • Garland J, Spalek B, Chakraborti N (2006) Hearing lost voices: Issues in researching ‘hidden’ minority ethnic communities. British Journal of Criminology 46(3): 423–437.
    • (2006) British Journal of Criminology , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 423-437
    • Garland, J.1    Spalek, B.2    Chakraborti, N.3
  • 22
    • 78751528254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crime, victimisation and vulnerability
    • In: Walklate S (ed.) Cullompton: Willan
    • Green S (2007) Crime, victimisation and vulnerability. In: Walklate S (ed.) Handbook of Victims and Victimology. Cullompton: Willan, pp. 91–117.
    • (2007) Handbook of Victims and Victimology , pp. 91-117
    • Green, S.1
  • 23
    • 34250622235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cullompton: Willan
    • Hall N (2005) Hate Crime. Cullompton: Willan.
    • (2005) Hate Crime
    • Hall, N.1
  • 24
    • 84864942259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policing hate crime in London and New York City: Some reflections on the factors influencing effective law enforcement, service provision and public trust and confidence
    • Hall N (2012) Policing hate crime in London and New York City: Some reflections on the factors influencing effective law enforcement, service provision and public trust and confidence. International Review of Victimology 18(1): 73–87.
    • (2012) International Review of Victimology , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-87
    • Hall, N.1
  • 28
    • 84992920615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hate crime: Criminal law and identity politics
    • Jacobs J (2002) Hate crime: Criminal law and identity politics. Theoretical Criminology 6(4): 481–484.
    • (2002) Theoretical Criminology , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 481-484
    • Jacobs, J.1
  • 29
    • 0002891497 scopus 로고
    • The continuum of sexual violence
    • In: Hanmer J, Maynard M (eds) London: Macmillan
    • Kelly L (1987) The continuum of sexual violence. In: Hanmer J, Maynard M (eds) Women, Violence and Social Control. London: Macmillan, pp. 46–60.
    • (1987) Women, Violence and Social Control , pp. 46-60
    • Kelly, L.1
  • 30
    • 60749091098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgender and transsexual identities: The next strange fruit—hate crimes, violence and genocide against the global trans-communities
    • Kidd J, Witten T (2008) Transgender and transsexual identities: The next strange fruit—hate crimes, violence and genocide against the global trans-communities. Journal of Hate Studies 6(1): 31–63.
    • (2008) Journal of Hate Studies , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-63
    • Kidd, J.1    Witten, T.2
  • 32
    • 27744606018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hate crime and the image of the stranger
    • Mason G (2005) Hate crime and the image of the stranger. British Journal of Criminology 45(6): 837–859.
    • (2005) British Journal of Criminology , vol.45 , Issue.6 , pp. 837-859
    • Mason, G.1
  • 33
    • 84993825433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The challenge of working with racially motivated offenders: An exercise in ambivalence?
    • McGhee D (2007) The challenge of working with racially motivated offenders: An exercise in ambivalence? Probation Journal 54(3): 213–226.
    • (2007) Probation Journal , vol.54 , Issue.3 , pp. 213-226
    • McGhee, D.1
  • 34
    • 84869993569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Night stalker’ jailed for life
    • 25 March
    • Meikle J (2011) ‘Night stalker’ jailed for life. Guardian, 25 March, 8.
    • (2011) Guardian , pp. 8
    • Meikle, J.1
  • 35
    • 77958460963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the severity of hate-motivated violence: Intersectional differences among LGBT hate crime victims
    • Meyer D (2010) Evaluating the severity of hate-motivated violence: Intersectional differences among LGBT hate crime victims. Sociology 44(5): 980–995.
    • (2010) Sociology , vol.44 , Issue.5 , pp. 980-995
    • Meyer, D.1
  • 36
    • 84869986749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nearly £30 million to help most vulnerable victims of crime
    • 28 January
    • Ministry of Justice (2011) Nearly £30 million to help most vulnerable victims of crime. Ministry of Justice Press Release, 28 January.
    • (2011) Ministry of Justice Press Release
  • 37
    • 84994316415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Challenges of Vulnerability: In Search of Strategies for a Less Vulnerable Social Life
    • Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan
    • Misztal B (2011) The Challenges of Vulnerability: In Search of Strategies for a Less Vulnerable Social Life. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
    • (2011)
    • Misztal, B.1
  • 38
    • 34247671745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Violence, identity and policing: The case of violence against transgender people
    • Moran L, Sharpe A (2004) Violence, identity and policing: The case of violence against transgender people. Criminal Justice 4(4): 395–417.
    • (2004) Criminal Justice , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 395-417
    • Moran, L.1    Sharpe, A.2
  • 39
    • 84899242322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rural Identities: Ethnicity and Community in the Contemporary English Countryside
    • Farnham: Ashgate
    • Neal S (2009) Rural Identities: Ethnicity and Community in the Contemporary English Countryside. Farnham: Ashgate.
    • (2009)
    • Neal, S.1
  • 40
    • 0032015369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vulnerable populations: A continuing nursing focus
    • Nyamathi A (1998) Vulnerable populations: A continuing nursing focus. Nursing Research 47(2): 65–66.
    • (1998) Nursing Research , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 65-66
    • Nyamathi, A.1
  • 41
    • 78651489239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warsaw: ODIHR
    • Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) (2009) Hate Crime Laws: A Practical Guide. Warsaw: ODIHR.
    • (2009) Hate Crime Laws: A Practical Guide
  • 43
    • 84855949937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sociology of hate: Theoretical approaches
    • In: Perry B (ed.) Westport, CT: Praeger
    • Perry B (2009) The sociology of hate: Theoretical approaches. In: Perry B (ed.) Hate Crime Volume One: Understanding and Defining Hate Crime. Westport, CT: Praeger, pp. 55–76.
    • (2009) Hate Crime Volume One: Understanding and Defining Hate Crime , pp. 55-76
    • Perry, B.1
  • 44
    • 49749120962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ‘perils’ of an identity politics approach to the legal recognition of harm
    • Perry J (2008) The ‘perils’ of an identity politics approach to the legal recognition of harm. Liverpool Law Review 29(1): 19–36.
    • (2008) Liverpool Law Review , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-36
    • Perry, J.1
  • 45
    • 84870008425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human Rights Commissioner warns Ireland budget cuts jeopardise human rights
    • 21 September
    • Public Interest Law Alliance (PILA) (2011) Human Rights Commissioner warns Ireland budget cuts jeopardise human rights. Public Interest Law Alliance Bulletin 21 September.
    • (2011) Public Interest Law Alliance Bulletin
  • 48
    • 79956225150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Between hate and vulnerability: Unpacking the British Criminal Justice System's construction of disablist hate crime
    • Roulstone A, Thomas P, Balderstone S (2011) Between hate and vulnerability: Unpacking the British Criminal Justice System's construction of disablist hate crime. Disability & Society 26(3): 351–364.
    • (2011) Disability & Society , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 351-364
    • Roulstone, A.1    Thomas, P.2    Balderstone, S.3
  • 50
    • 0011334873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The perpetrators of racial harassment and racial violence
    • London: Home Office
    • Sibbitt R (1997) The perpetrators of racial harassment and racial violence. Home Office Research Study 176. London: Home Office.
    • (1997) Home Office Research Study 176
    • Sibbitt, R.1
  • 51
    • 84862737379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global social crisis: Report on the world social situation 2011
    • Available at: (accessed 6 October 2011)
    • United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) (2011) The global social crisis: Report on the world social situation 2011. Available at: http://social.un.org/index/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v0LQqd2FT3k%3d&tabid=1561 (accessed 6 October 2011).
    • (2011)
  • 52
    • 85183283999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathways through hate: Exploring the victimisation of the homeless
    • In: Perry B (ed.) Westport, CT: Praeger
    • Wachholz S (2009) Pathways through hate: Exploring the victimisation of the homeless. In: Perry B (ed.) Hate Crimes Volume Three: The Victims of Hate Crime. Westport, CT: Praeger, pp. 199–222.
    • (2009) Hate Crimes Volume Three: The Victims of Hate Crime , pp. 199-222
    • Wachholz, S.1
  • 53
    • 79957529304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reframing criminal victimisation: Finding a place for vulnerability and resistance
    • Walklate S (2011) Reframing criminal victimisation: Finding a place for vulnerability and resistance. Theoretical Criminology 15(2): 179–194.
    • (2011) Theoretical Criminology , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 179-194
    • Walklate, S.1
  • 54
    • 80053929962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A general theories of hate crime? Strain, doing difference and self control
    • Walters MA (2011) A general theories of hate crime? Strain, doing difference and self control. Critical Criminology 9(4): 313–330.
    • (2011) Critical Criminology , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 313-330
    • Walters, M.A.1
  • 55
    • 84864946370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the everyday world of hate victimisation through community mediation
    • Walters MA, Hoyle C (2012) Exploring the everyday world of hate victimisation through community mediation. International Review of Victimology 18(1): 7–24.
    • (2012) International Review of Victimology , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-24
    • Walters, M.A.1    Hoyle, C.2
  • 56
    • 53349141135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engendered Penalties: Transgender and Transsexual People's Experiences of Inequality and Discrimination
    • Wetherby: The Equalities Review
    • Whittle S, Turner L, Al-Alami M (2007) Engendered Penalties: Transgender and Transsexual People's Experiences of Inequality and Discrimination. Wetherby: The Equalities Review.
    • (2007)
    • Whittle, S.1    Turner, L.2    Al-Alami, M.3
  • 57
    • 84870025026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pilkington case may be a Lawrence moment for disability hate crime
    • 30 September
    • Williams R (2009) Pilkington case may be a Lawrence moment for disability hate crime. Guardian, 30 September, 3.
    • (2009) Guardian , pp. 3
    • Williams, R.1
  • 58
    • 58149311079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taking the ‘hate’ out of hate crimes: Applying unfair advantage theory to justify the enhanced punishment of opportunistic bias crimes
    • Woods JB (2009) Taking the ‘hate’ out of hate crimes: Applying unfair advantage theory to justify the enhanced punishment of opportunistic bias crimes. UCLA Law Review 56(2): 489–541.
    • (2009) UCLA Law Review , vol.56 , Issue.2 , pp. 489-541
    • Woods, J.B.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.