Children's development in kindergarten: A multilevel, population-based analysis of ESL and gender effects on socioeconomic gradients

Child Indicators Research

Volumn 3, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 183-203

  Guhn, Martin ^a   Gadermann, Anne M ^a   Hertzman, Clyde ^a   Zumbo, Bruno D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Cantonese (Asian); Child development; Early Development Instrument (EDI); English as a Second Language (ESL); Gender differences; Punjabi (South Asian); School readiness; Socioeconomic gradients

Indexed keywords

EID: 84869485832     PISSN: 1874897X     EISSN: 18748988     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12187-009-9053-7     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Alexander, K. L., & Entwisle, D. R. (1988). Achievement in the first two years of school: Patterns and processes. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 53, 2.
2. Berliner, D. C. (2005). Our impoverished view of educational reform. Teachers College Record. Retrieved on November 10, 2007, from http://www.tcrecord.org/content.asp?contentid=12106.
3. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
4. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1992). Ecological systems theory. In R. Vasta (Ed.), Six theories of child development: revised formulations and current issues (pp. 187-249). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishing.
5. Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. (2006). The bioecological model of human development. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of Child Development, Volume 1, Theoretical Models of Human Development (6th ed., pp. 793-828). Hoboken: Wiley.
6. Brooks-Gunn, J., Duncan, G. J., Klebanov, P. K., & Sealand, N. (1993). Do neighborhoods influence child and adolescent development? American Journal of Sociology, 99, 353-395.
7. Brown, L., & Iyengar, S. (2008). Parenting styles: The impact on student achievement. Marriage & Family Review, 43, 14-38.
8. Buchman, C., DiPrete, T. A., & McDaniel, A. (2008). Gender inequalities in education. Annual Review of Sociology, 34, 319-337.
9. Chan, J., & Le, T. N. (2005). The influence of parents, peer delinquency, and school attitudes on academic achievement in Chinese, Cambodian, Laotian or Mien, and Vietnamese youth. Crime & Delinquency, 51, 238-264.
10. Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
11. Ebert, U. (1999). Using equivalent income of equivalent adults to rank income distributions. Social Choice and Welfare, 16, 233-258.
12. Entwisle, D. R., Alexander, K. L., & Olson, L. S. (2007). Early schooling: The handicap of being poor and male. The Sociology of Education, 80, 114-138.
13. Garg, R., Levin, E., Urajnik, D., & Kauppi, C. (2005). Parenting style and academic achievement for East Indian and Canadian adolescents. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 36, 653-662.
14. Graue, M. E. (1993). Ready for what? Constructing meanings of readiness for Kindergarten. Albany: State University of New York Pres.
15. Guhn, M., Gadermann, A., & Zumbo, B. D. (2007a). Does the EDI measure school readiness in the same way across different groups of children? Early Education and Development, 18, 453-472.
16. Guhn, M., Janus, M., & Hertzman, C. (2007b). The Early Development Instrument: Translating school readiness assessment into community actions and policy planning [Special Issue]. Early Education & Development, 18, 369-570.
17. Hox, J. J. (1995). Applied multilevel analysis. Amsterdam: TT-Publikaties.
18. Janus, M., Brinkman, S., Duku, E., Hertzman, C., Santos, R., Sayers, M., et al. (2007). The Early Development Instrument: A population-based measure for communities. A handbook on development, properties, and use. Hamilton, ON: Offord Centre for Child Studies. Retrieved on Nov 20, 2008, from http://www.offordcentre.com/readiness/pubs/200712FINAL.EDI.HANDBOOK.pdf.
19. Janus,M.,&Offord,D. R. (2000). Readiness to learn at school. Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 2, 71-75.
20. Janus, M., & Offord, D. (2007). Development and psychometric properties of the Early Development Instrument (EDI): A measure of children's school readiness. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 39, 1-22.
21. Jencks, C., & Mayer, S. (1990). The social consequences of growing up in a poor neighbourhood. In L. E. Lynn & M. G. H. McGeary (Eds.), Inner-city poverty in the United States (pp. 111-186). Washington: National Academy Press.
22. Keating, D. P.,&Hertzman, C. (eds). (1999). Developmental Health and Wealth of Nations. New York: Guilford.
23. Kershaw, P., Irwin, L., Trafford, K., & Hertzman, C. (2005). The British Columbia atlas of child development 1st ed (Vol. 40). Vancouver: Human Early Learning Partnership, Western Geographical Press.
24. Kohen, D. E., Brooks-Gunn, J., Leventhal, T., & Hertzman, C. (2002). Neighborhood income and physical and social disorder in Canada: Associations with young children's competencies. Child Development, 73, 1844-1860.
25. Kohen, D. E., Hertzman, C., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1998). Neighborhood influences on children's school readiness. Hull: Human Resources Development Canada.
26. Krieger, N. (1992). Overcoming the absence of socioeconomic data in medical records: Validation and application of a census-based methodology. American Journal of Public Health, 82, 703-710.
27. Lapointe, V. R., Ford, L., & Zumbo, B. D. (2007). Examining the relationship between neighborhood environment and school readiness for Kindergarten children. Early Education and Development, 18, 473-495.
28. Leventhal, R., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2000). The Neighborhoods They Live in: The Effects of Neighborhood Residence on Child and Adolescent Outcomes. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 309-337.
29. Leventhal, T., Fauth, R. C., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2005). Neighborhood poverty and public policy: A 5-year follow-up of children's educational outcomes in the New York City Moving to Opportunity demonstration. Developmental Psychology, 41, 933-952.
30. Lloyd, J. E. V., & Hertzman, C. (2009). From Kindergarten readiness to fourth-grade assessment: Longitudinal analysis with linked population data. Social Science & Medicine, 68, 111-123.
31. McCain, M. N., & Mustard, J. F. (1999). Early Years Study: Reversing the Real Brain Drain. Toronto: Publications Ontario.
32. Mustard, C., Derksen, S., Berthelot, J.-M., & Wolfson, M. (1999). Assessing ecological proxies for household income: a comparison of household income and neighborhood level income measures in the study of population health status. Health and Place, 5, 157-171.
33. Nosbush, L. (2006). Community report for children. The Understanding the Early Years final report. Prince Albert, SK: Saskatchewan Rivers School Division. Retrieved on November 20, 2007, from http://www.srsd119.ca/uey/.
34. Oliver, L., Dunn, J. R., Kohen, D., & Hertzman, C. (2007). Do neighborhoods influence the readiness to learn of Kindergarten children in Vancouver? A multilevel analysis of neighborhood effects. Environment and Planning, 39, 848-868.
35. Rauh, V. A., Lamb Parker, F., Garfinkel, R. J., Perry, J., & Andrews, H. F. (2003). Biological, social, and community influences on third-grade reading levels of minority Head Start children: A multilevel approach. Journal of Community Psychology, 31, 255-278.
36. Rouse, C., Brooks-Gunn, J., & McLanahan, S. (2005). School readiness: Closing racial and ethnic gaps [Special issue]. Future of Children, 15, 5-196.
37. Scott-Little, C., Kagan, S. L., & Frelow, V. S. (2006). Conceptualizations of readiness and the content of early learning standards: The intersection of policy and research? Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 21, 153-173.
38. Sue, S., & Okazaki, S. (1990). Asian-American educational achievements: A phenomenon in search of an explanation. American Psychologist, 45, 913-920.
39. Willms, J. D. (2003). Ten hypotheses about socioeconomic gradients and community differences in children's developmental outcomes. Gatineau, QB: Human Resources Development Canada; ARB report, SP-560-01-03E.
40. Wilson, W. J. (1987). The truly disadvantaged: The inner city, the underclass, and public policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.