HIV-1 Tat B-cell epitope vaccination was ineffectual in preventing viral rebound after ART cessation HIV rebound with current ART appears to be due to infection with new endogenous founder virus and not to resurgence of pre-existing Tat-dependent viremia Gideon Goldstein

Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics

Volumn 8, Issue 10, 2012, Pages 1425-1430

  Damiano, Eve ^a   Donikyan, Mardik ^b   Pasha, Malika ^c   Beckwith, Erik ^c   Chicca, John ^d  

^a Thymon LLC   (United States)

^b Damiano Consulting Associates   (United States)

^c Clinilabs Inc   (United States)

^d Molecular Diagnostic Services Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

Acute HIV infection; Antiretroviral; Clinical trial; HIV 1; Human vaccine; Prophylactic; Rebound; Tat; Therapeutic; TUTI 16

Indexed keywords

EID: 84868279081     PISSN: 21645515     EISSN: 2164554X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4161/hv.21616     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Brumme ZL, Walker BD. Tracking the culprit: HIV-1 evolution and immune selection revealed by singlegenome amplification. J Exp Med 2009; 206:1215- 8; PMID:19487418; http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20091094.
2. McMichael AJ, Borrow P, Tomaras GD, Goonetilleke N, Haynes BF. The immune response during acute HIV-1 infection: clues for vaccine development. Nat Rev Immunol 2010; 10:11-23; PMID:20010788; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri2674.
3. Stacey AR, Norris PJ, Qin L, Haygreen EA, Taylor E, Heitman J, et al. Induction of a striking systemic cytokine cascade prior to peak viremia in acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, in contrast to more modest and delayed responses in acute hepatitis B and C virus infections. J Virol 2009; 83:3719- 33; PMID:19176632; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01844-08.
4. Chang HC, Samaniego F, Nair BC, Buonaguro L, Ensoli B. HIV-1 Tat protein exits from cells via a leaderless secretory pathway and binds to extracellular matrixassociated heparan sulfate proteoglycans through its basic region. AIDS 1997; 11:1421-31; PMID:9342064; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199712000- 00006.
5. Li CJ, Ueda Y, Shi B, Borodyansky L, Huang L, Li YZ, et al. Tat protein induces self-perpetuating permissivity for productive HIV-1 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94:8116-20; PMID:9223324; http:// dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas. 94.15.8116.
6. Sahaf B, Atkuri K, Heydari K, Malipatlolla M, Rappaport J, Regulier E, et al. Culturing of human peripheral blood cells reveals unsuspected lymphocyte responses relevant to HIV disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008; 105:5111-6; PMID:18364393; http:// dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0712363105.
7. Feldmann M, Maini RN. Anti-TNF alpha therapy of rheumatoid arthritis: what have we learned? Annu Rev Immunol 2001; 19:163-96; PMID:11244034; http:// dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.19.1.163.
8. Charles P, Elliott MJ, Davis D, Potter A, Kalden JR, Antoni C, et al. Regulation of cytokines, cytokine inhibitors, and acute-phase proteins following anti- TNF-alpha therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. J Immunol 1999; 163:1521-8; PMID:10415055.
9. Lazdins JK, Grell M, Walker MR, Woods-Cook K, Scheurich P, Pfizenmaier K. Membrane tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induced cooperative signaling of TNFR60 and TNFR80 favors induction of cell death rather than virus production in HIV-infected T cells. J Exp Med 1997; 185:81-90; PMID:8996244; http:// dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.185.1.81.
10. Horiuchi T, Mitoma H, Harashima S, Tsukamoto H, Shimoda T. Transmembrane TNF-alpha: structure, function and interaction with anti-TNF agents. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010; 49:1215-28; PMID:20194223; http://dx.doi.org/10. 1093/rheumatology/keq031.
11. Wallis RS, Broder MS, Wong JY, Hanson ME, Beenhouwer DO. Granulomatous infectious diseases associated with tumor necrosis factor antagonists. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38:1261-5; PMID:15127338; http:// dx.doi.org/10.1086/383317.
12. Goldstein G. HIV-1 Tat protein as a potential AIDS vaccine. Nat Med 1996; 2:960-4; PMID:8782444; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0996-960.
13. Longo O, Tripiciano A, Fiorelli V, Bellino S, Scoglio A, Collacchi B, et al. Phase I therapeutic trial of the HIV-1 Tat protein and long term follow-up. Vaccine 2009; 27:3306-12; PMID:19208456; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine. 2009.01.090.
14. Ensoli B, Fiorelli V, Ensoli F, Lazzarin A, Visintini R, Narciso P, et al. The preventive phase I trial with the HIV-1 Tat-based vaccine. Vaccine 2009; 28:371-8; PMID:19879233; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine. 2009.10.038.
15. Ensoli B, Bellino S, Tripiciano A, Longo O, Francavilla V, Marcotullio S, et al. Therapeutic immunization with HIV-1 Tat reduces immune activation and loss of regulatory T-cells and improves immune function in subjects on HAART. PLoS ONE 2010; 5:e13540; PMID:21085635; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. 0013540.
16. Goldstein G, Tribbick G, Manson K. Two B cell epitopes of HIV-1 Tat protein have limited antigenic polymorphism in geographically diverse HIV-1 strains. Vaccine 2001; 19:1738-46; PMID:11166899; http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0264-410X(00)00393-5.
17. Goldstein G, Chicca JJ 2nd. A universal anti-HIV-1 Tat epitope vaccine that is fully synthetic and self-adjuvanting. Vaccine 2010; 28:1008-14; PMID:19931501; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.129.
18. Goldstein G, Chicca J. Exploratory clinical studies of a synthetic HIV-1 Tat epitope vaccine in asymptomatic treatment-naïve and antiretroviral-controlled HIV-1 infected subjects plus healthy uninfected subjects. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012; 8:8; PMID:22336878.
19. Garcí;a F, Plana M, Vidal C, Cruceta A, O'Brien WA, Pantaleo G, et al. Dynamics of viral load rebound and immunological changes after stopping effective antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 1999; 13:F79-86; PMID:10449278; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199907300-00002.
20. Harrigan PR, Whaley M, Montaner JS. Rate of HIV-1 RNA rebound upon stopping antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 1999; 13:F59-62; PMID:10371167; http:// dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199905280-00001.
21. Ortiz GM, Nixon DF, Trkola A, Binley J, Jin X, Bonhoeffer S, et al. HIV-1-specific immune responses in subjects who temporarily contain virus replication after discontinuation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Clin Invest 1999; 104:R13-8; PMID:10491418; http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI7371.
22. Neumann AU, Tubiana R, Calvez V, Robert C, Li TS, Agut H, et al.; Comet Study Group. HIV-1 rebound during interruption of highly active antiretroviral therapy has no deleterious effect on reinitiated treatment. AIDS 1999; 13:677-83; PMID:10397562; http:// dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199904160-00008.
23. Davey RT Jr., Bhat N, Yoder C, Chun TW, Metcalf JA, Dewar R, et al. HIV-1 and T cell dynamics after interruption of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in patients with a history of sustained viral suppression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999; 96:15109- 14; PMID:10611346; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas. 96.26.15109.
24. Garcí;a F, Plana M, Ortiz GM, Bonhoeffer S, Soriano A, Vidal C, et al. The virological and immunological consequences of structured treatment interruptions in chronic HIV-1 infection. AIDS 2001; 15:F29-40; PMID:11416735; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200106150-00002.
25. Ruiz L, Carcelain G, Martínez-Picado J, Frost S, Marfil S, Paredes R, et al. HIV dynamics and T-cell immunity after three structured treatment interruptions in chronic HIV-1 infection. AIDS 2001; 15:F19-27; PMID:11416734; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200106150-00001.
26. Fischer M, Hafner R, Schneider C, Trkola A, Joos B, Joller H, et al.; Swiss HIV Cohort Study. HIV RNA in plasma rebounds within days during structured treatment interruptions. AIDS 2003; 17:195-9; PMID:12545079; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200301240-00009.
27. Palmer S, Maldarelli F, Wiegand A, Bernstein B, Hanna GJ, Brun SC, et al. Low-level viremia persists for at least 7 years in patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008; 105:3879- 84; PMID:18332425; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800050105.
28. Steingrover R, Pogá;ny K, Fernandez Garcia E, Jurriaans S, Brinkman K, Schuitemaker H, et al. HIV-1 viral rebound dynamics after a single treatment interruption depends on time of initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2008; 22:1583- 8; PMID:18670217; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e328305bd77.
29. Joos B, Fischer M, Kuster H, Pillai SK, Wong JK, Böni J, et al.; Swiss HIV Cohort Study. HIV rebounds from latently infected cells, rather than from continuing low-level replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008; 105:16725-30; PMID:18936487; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0804192105.