Methods for the evaluation of the protective efficacy of sunscreen products

Skin Pharmacology and Physiology

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 30-35

  Vergou, T ^a   Patzelt, A ^b   Schanzer, S ^b   Meinke, M C ^b   Weigmann, H J ^b   Thiede, G ^b   Sterry, W ^b   Lademann, J ^b   Darvin, M E ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS   (Greece)

^b CHARITÉ UNIVERSITÄTSMEDIZIN BERLIN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Homogeneous distribution; Multiphoton tomography; Spreading; Sun protection factor; Tape stripping; UV filter substances

Indexed keywords

ANTHELIOS XL FLUIDE EXTREME; SUNSCREEN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG EFFICACY; HUMAN; MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SKIN PROTECTION; ULTRAVIOLET A RADIATION; ULTRAVIOLET B RADIATION;

ADULT; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; SENSATION; SKIN; SKIN ABSORPTION; SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; SUNSCREENING AGENTS; TOMOGRAPHY; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84868250043     PISSN: 16605527     EISSN: 16605535     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000343576     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Krutmann J: Ultraviolet A radiation-induced biological effects in human skin: relevance for photoaging and photodermatosis. J Dermatol Sci 2000; 23(suppl 1):S22-S26. (Pubitemid 30182546)
2. Dessinioti C, Antoniou C, Katsambas A, Stratigos AJ: Basal cell carcinoma: what's new under the sun. Photochem Photobiol 2010; 86: 481-491.
3. Beissert S, Schwarz T: Mechanisms involved in ultraviolet light-induced immunosuppression. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 1999; 4: 61-64. (Pubitemid 29491257)
4. Cadet J, Sage E, Douki T: Ultraviolet radiation- mediated damage to cellular DNA. Mutat Res 2005; 571: 3-17. (Pubitemid 40313428)
5. Strickland PT: Photocarcinogenesis by nearultraviolet (UVA) radiation in Sencar mice. J Invest Dermatol 1986; 87: 272-275. (Pubitemid 16041742)
6. Whitmore SE, Morison WL: Prevention of UVB-induced immunosuppression in humans by a high sun protection factor sunscreen. Arch Dermatol 1995; 131: 1128-1133.
7. Nohynek GJ, Antignac E, Re T, Toutain H: Safety assessment of personal care products/ cosmetics and their ingredients. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 243: 239-259.
8. Schroeder P, Krutmann J: What is needed for a sunscreen to provide complete protection. Skin Therapy Lett 2010; 15: 4-5.
9. Zastrow L, Groth N, Klein F, Kockott D, Lademann J, Renneberg R, Ferrero L: The missing link - light-induced (280-1,600 nm) free radical formation in human skin. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 22: 31-44.
10. Lademann J, Richter H, Golz K, Zastrow L, Sterry W, Patzelt A: Influence of microparticles on the homogeneity of distribution of topically applied substances. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2008; 21: 274-282.
11. Darvin ME, Haag S, Meinke M, Zastrow L, Sterry W, Lademann J: Radical production by infrared A irradiation in human tissue. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 23: 40-46.
12. The European Cosmetic, Toiletry and Perfumery Association, COLIPA: International Sun Protection Factor (SPF) Test Method. Brussels, COLIPA, 1994, p 289.
13. Weigmann HJ, Schanzer S, Teichmann A, Durat F, Antoniou C, Schaefer H, Sterry W, Lademann J: Ex-vivo spectroscopic quantification of sunscreen efficacy: proposal of a universal sun protection factor. J Biomed Opt 2007; 12: 044013.
14. Weigmann HJ, Lademann J, Meffert H, Schaefer H, Sterry W: Determination of the horny layer profile by tape stripping in combination with optical spectroscopy in the visible range as a prerequisite to quantify percutaneous absorption. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol 1999; 12: 34-45. (Pubitemid 29257449)
15. Darvin ME, Haag SF, Lademann J, Zastrow L, Sterry W, Meinke MC: Formation of free radicals in human skin during irradiation with infrared light. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130: 629-631.
16. Jain A, Rieger I, Rohr M, Schrader A: Antioxidant efficacy on human skin in vivo investigated by UVA-induced chemiluminescence decay analysis via induced chemiluminescence of human skin. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 23: 266-272.
17. Schroeder P, Calles C, Benesova T, Macaluso F, Krutmann J: Photoprotection beyond ultraviolet radiation - effective sun protection has to include protection against infrared A radiation-induced skin damage. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 23: 15-17.
18. Darvin ME, Fluhr JW, Meinke MC, Zastrow L, Sterry W, Lademann J: Topical beta-carotene protects against infra-red-light-induced free radicals. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20: 125- 129.
19. Schroeder P, Lademann J, Darvin ME, Stege H, Marks C, Bruhnke S, Krutmann J: Infrared radiation-induced matrix metalloproteinase in human skin: implications for protection. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 128: 2491- 2497.
20. Miguel MG: Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oils: a short review. Molecules 2010; 15: 9252-9287.
21. Palombo P, Fabrizi G, Ruocco V, Ruocco E, Fluhr J, Roberts R, Morganti P: Beneficial long-term effects of combined oral/topical antioxidant treatment with the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin on human skin: a double- blind, placebo-controlled study. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2007; 20: 199-210. (Pubitemid 47000424)
22. Meinke MC, Darvin ME, Vollert H, Lademann J: Bioavailability of natural carotenoids in human skin compared to blood. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2010; 76: 269-274.
23. Jeon HY, Kim JK, Kim WG, Lee SJ: Effects of oral epigallocatechin gallate supplementation on the minimal erythema dose and UV-induced skin damage. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 22: 137-141.
24. Darvin ME, Fluhr JW, Schanzer S, Richter H, Patzelt A, Meinke MC, Zastrow L, Golz K, Doucet O, Sterry W, Lademann J: Dermal carotenoid level and kinetics after topical and systemic administration of antioxidants: enrichment strategies in a controlled in vivo study. J Dermatol Sci 2011; 64: 53-58.
25. De Spirt S, Sies H, Tronnier H, Heinrich U: An encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice concentrate increases skin microcirculation in healthy women. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2012; 25: 2-8.
26. Darvin ME, Sterry W, Lademann J: Resonance Raman spectroscopy as an effective tool for the determination of antioxidative stability of cosmetic formulations. J Biophotonics 2010; 3: 82-88.
27. Vertuani S, Beghelli E, Scalambra E, Malisardi G, Copetti S, Dal Toso R, Baldisserotto A, Manfredini S: Activity and stability studies of verbascoside, a novel antioxidant, in dermo-cosmetic and pharmaceutical topical formulations. Molecules 2011; 16: 7068-7080.
28. Fitzpatrick TB: The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI. Arch Dermatol 1988; 124: 869-871.
29. Rohr M, Klette E, Ruppert S, Bimzcok R, Klebon B, Heinrich U, Tronnier H, Johncock W, Peters S, Pflucker F, Rudolph T, Flosser-Muller H, Jenni K, Kockott D, Lademann J, Herzog B, Bielfeldt S, Mendrok-Edinger C, Hanay C, Zastrow L: In vitro sun protection factor: still a challenge with no final answer. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 23: 201-212.
30. Roberts MS, Dancik Y, Prow TW, Thorling CA, Lin LL, Grice JE, Robertson TA, Konig K, Becker W: Non-invasive imaging of skin physiology and percutaneous penetration using fluorescence spectral and lifetime imaging with multiphoton and confocal microscopy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 77: 469-488.
31. Konig K, Ehlers A, Stracke F, Riemann I: In vivo drug screening in human skin using femtosecond laser multiphoton tomography. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2006; 19: 78-88. (Pubitemid 43725817)
32. Konig K, Raphael AP, Lin L, Grice JE, Soyer HP, Breunig HG, Roberts MS, Prow TW: Applications of multiphoton tomographs and femtosecond laser nanoprocessing microscopes in drug delivery research. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63: 388-404.
33. Lademann J, Jacobi U, Surber C, Weigmann HJ, Fluhr JW: The tape stripping procedure - evaluation of some critical parameters. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 72: 317- 323.
34. Jacobi U, Weigmann HJ, Baumann M, Reiche AI, Sterry W, Lademann J: Lateral spreading of topically applied UV filter substances investigated by tape stripping. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2004; 17: 17-22. (Pubitemid 38250475)
35. Stege H: Mehr sonnenschutz mit innovativer UV-filtertechnologie. Wirtschaftsmagazin für den Hautarzt 2010; 7.
36. Lademann J, Schanzer S, Jacobi U, Schaefer H, Pflucker F, Driller H, Beck J, Meinke M, Roggan A, Sterry W: Synergy effects between organic and inorganic UV filters in sunscreens. J Biomed Opt 2005; 10: 14008.
37. Lademann J, Schanzer S, Richter H, Antoniou C, Knorr F, Sterry W, Patzelt A: Formation of a protection film on the human skin by microparticles. Laser Phys Lett 2008; 5: 686-690.