Advances in research on Phytophthora capsici on vegetable crops in the United States

Plant Disease

Volumn 96, Issue 11, 2012, Pages 1588-1600

  Granke, Leah L ^a   Quesada Ocampo, Lina ^a   Lamour, Kurt ^b   Hausbeck, Mary K ^a  

^a MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CAPSICUM; LEONIA; PHYTOPHTHORA CAPSICI;

EID: 84868159247     PISSN: 01912917     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-02-12-0211-FE     Document Type: Article

References (131)

1. Ando, K., and Grumet, R. 2006. Evaluation of altered cucumber plant architecture as a means to reduce Phytophthora capsici disease incidence on cucumber fruit. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 131:491-498.
2. Ando, K., Hammar, S., and Grumet, R. 2009. Age-related resistance of diverse cucurbit fruit to infection by Phytophthora capsici. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 134:176-182.
3. Aragaki, M., and Uchida, J. Y. 2001. Morphological distinctions between Phytophthora capsici and P. tropicalis sp. nov. Mycologia 93:137-145.
4. Babadoost, M. 2000. Outbreak of Phytophthora foliar blight and fruit rot in processing pumpkin fields in Illinois. Plant Dis. 84:1345.
5. Babadoost, M., and Islam, S. Z. 2003. Fungicide seed treatment effects on seedling damping-off of pumpkin caused by Phytophthora capsici. Plant Dis. 87:63-68.
6. Barksdale, T. H., Papavizas, G. C., and Johnston, S. A. 1984. Resistance to foliar blight and crown rot of pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici. Plant Dis. 68:506-509.
7. Bartnicki-Garcia, S., and Wang, M. C. 1983. Biochemical aspects of morphogenesis in Phytophthora. Pages 121-137 in: Phytophthora: Its Biology, Taxonomy, Ecology, and Pathology. D. C. Erwin, S. Bartnicki-Garcia, and P. H. Tsao, eds. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
8. Benson, D. M., and Grand, L. F. 2000. Incidence of Phytophthora root rot of Fraser fir in North Carolina and sensitivity of isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi to metalaxyl. Plant Dis. 84:661-664.
9. Bi, Y., Jiang, H., Hausbeck, M. K., and Hao, J. J. 2012. Inhibitory effects of essential oils for controlling Phytophthora capsici. Plant Dis. 96:797-803.
10. Biles, C. L., Wall, M. M., Waugh, M., and Palmer, H. 1993. Relationship of Phytophthora fruit rot to fruit maturation and cuticle thickness of New Mexican-type peppers. Phytopathology 83:607-611.
11. Bodine, E. W. 1935. Blight of peppers. Colo. Exp. Stn. Press Bull. 85:6.
12. Bowers, J. H., Martin, F. N., Tooley, P. W., and Luz, E. D. M. N. 2007. Genetic and morphological diversity of temperate and tropical isolates of Phytophthora capsici. Phytopathology 97:492-503.
13. Bowers, J. H., and Mitchell, D. J. 1989. Variability in virulence of oospore inoculum of Phytophthora capsici and the relationship of the density of oospores in soil to plant mortality. Phytopathology 79:1166.
14. Bowers, J. H., and Mitchell, D. J. 1990. Effect of soil-water matric potential and periodic flooding on mortality of pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici. Phytopathology 80:1447-1450.
15. Bowers, J. H., Papavizas, G. C., and Johnston, S. A. 1990. Effect of soil temperature and soil-water matric potential on the survival of Phytophthora capsici in natural soil. Plant Dis. 74:771-777.
16. Brown, J. G., and Evans, M. N. 1933. A Phytophthora rot of watermelon. Ariz. Agric. Exp. Stn. Tech. Bull. 51:45-65.
17. Cafe-Filho, A. C., and Duniway, J. M. 1996. Effect of location of drip irrigation emitters and position of Phytophthora capsici infections in roots on Phytophthora root rot of pepper. Phytopathology 86:1364-1369.
18. Cafe-Filho, A. C., Duniway, J. M., and Davis, R. M. 1995. Effects of the frequency of furrow irrigation on root and fruit rots of squash caused by Phytophthora capsici. Plant Dis. 79:44-48.
19. Camp, A. R., Dillard, H. R., and Smart, C. D. 2008. Efficacy of Muscodor albus for the control of Phytophthora blight of sweet pepper and butternut squash. Plant Dis. 92:1488-1492.
20. Chellemi, D. O. 2006. Effect of urban plant debris and soil management practices on plant parasitic nematodes, Phytophthora blight and Pythium root rot of bell pepper. Crop Prot. 25:1109-1116.
21. Coelho, L., Chellemi, D. O., and Mitchell, D. J. 1999. Efficacy of solarization and cabbage amendment for the control of Phytophthora spp. in North Florida. Plant Dis. 83:293-299.
22. Davey, J. F., Gregory, N. F., Mulrooney, R. P., Evans, T. A., and Carroll, R. B. 2008. First report of mefenoxam-resistant isolates of Phytophthora capsici from lima bean pods in the mid-Atlantic region. Plant Dis. 92:656.
23. Davidson, C. R., Carroll, R. B., Evans, T. A., Mulrooney, R. P., and Kim, S. H. 2002. First report of Phytophthora capsici infecting lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) in the Mid-Atlantic region. Plant Dis. 86:1049-1052.
24. Donahoo, R. S., and Lamour, K. H. 2008. Interspecific hybridization and apomixis between Phytophthora capsici and Phytophthora tropicalis. Mycologia 100:911-920.
25. Dunn, A. R., Milgroom, M. G., Meitz, J. C., McLeod, A., Fry, W. E., McGrath, M. T., Dillard, H. R., and Smart, C. D. 2010. Population structure and resistance to mefenoxam of Phytophthora capsici in New York state. Plant Dis. 94:1461-1468.
26. Enzenbacher, T. B., and Hausbeck, M. K. 2012. An evaluation of cucurbit fruits and seedlings to Phytophthora capsici. Plant Dis. 96:1404-1414.
27. Èrsek, T., English, J. T., and Schoelz, J. E. 1995. Creation of species hybrids of Phytophthora with modified host ranges by zoospore fusion. Phytopathology 85:1343-1347.
28. Erwin, D. C., and Ribeiro, O. K. 1996. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, USA.
29. Fernandez-Pavia, S., Biles, C. L., Waugh, M., Onsurez-Waugh, K., Rodriguez-Alvarado, G., and Lidell, C. M. 2004. Characterization of southern New Mexico Phytophthora capsici Leon. isolates from pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Rev. Mex. Fitopatol. 22:82-89.
30. Foster, J. M., and Hausbeck, M. K. 2010. Resistance of pepper to Phytophthora crown, root, and fruit rot is affected by isolate virulence. Plant Dis. 94:24-30.
31. Foster, J. M., and Hausbeck, M. K. 2010. Managing Phytophthora crown and root rot in bell pepper using fungicides and host resistance. Plant Dis. 94:697-702.
32. French-Monar, R. D., Jones, J. B., Ozores-Hampton, M., and Roberts, P. D. 2007. Survival of inoculum of Phytophthora capsici in soil through time under different soil treatments. Plant Dis. 91:593-598.
33. French-Monar, R. D., Jones, J. B., and Roberts, P. D. 2006. Characterization of Phytophthora capsici associated with roots of weeds on Florida vegetable farms. Plant Dis. 90:345-350.
34. French-Monar, R. D., Patton, A. F., and Isakeit, T. 2009. The occurrence and recent spread of Phytophthora capsici in the Texas High Plains. (Abstr.) Page 11 in: 2nd Int. Phytophthora capsici Conf. Proc.
35. Gevens, A. J., Ando, K., Lamour, K. H., Grumet, R., and Hausbeck, M. K. 2006. A detached cucumber fruit method to screen for resistance to Phytophthora capsici and effect of fruit age on susceptibility to infection. Plant Dis. 90:1276-1282.
36. Gevens, A. J., Donahoo, R. S., Lamour, K. H., and Hausbeck, M. K. 2007. Characterization of Phytophthora capsici from Michigan surface irrigation water. Phytopathology 97:421-428.
37. Gevens, A. J., Donahoo, R. S., Lamour, K. H., and Hausbeck, M. K. 2008. Characterization of Phytophthora capsici causing foliar and pod blight of snap bean in Michigan. Plant Dis. 92:201-209.
38. Glosier, B. R., Qgundiwin, E. A., Sidhu, G. S., Sischo, D. R., and Prince, J. P. 2008. A differential series of pepper (Capsicum annuum) lines delineates fourteen physiological races of Phytophthora capsici. Euphytica 162:23-30.
39. Gobena, D., McGrath, M. T., and Lamour, K. 2012. Survival and spread of Phytophthora capsici on Long Island, New York. Mycol. Prog. 11:761-768.
40. Gobena, D., Roig, J., Galmarini, C., Hulvey, J., and Lamour, K. 2012. Genetic diversity of Phytophthora capsici isolates from pepper and pumpkin in Argentina. Mycologia 104:102-107.
41. Goldberg, N. P., and Stanghellini, M. E. 1990. Ingestion-egestion and aerial transmission of Pythium aphanidermatum by shore flies (Ephydrinae: Scatella stagnalis). Phytopathology 80:1244-1246.
42. Granke, L. L., and Hausbeck, M. K. 2010. Effects of temperature, humidity, and wounding on development of Phytophthora rot of cucumber fruit. Plant Dis. 94:1417-1424.
43. Granke, L. L., and Hausbeck, M. K. 2010. Effects of temperature, concentration, age, and algaecides on Phytophthora capsici zoospore infectivity. Plant Dis. 94:54-60.
44. Granke, L. L., Quesada-Ocampo, L. M., and Hausbeck, M. K. 2011. Differences in virulence of Phytophthora capsici isolates from a worldwide collection on host fruits. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 132:281-296.
45. Granke, L. L., Quesada-Ocampo, L. M., and Hausbeck, M. K. 2011. Variation in phenotypic characteristics of Phytophthora capsici isolates from a worldwide collection. Plant Dis. 95:1080-1088.
46. Granke, L. L., Windstam, S. T., Hoch, H. C., Smart, C. D., and Hausbeck, M. K. 2009. Dispersal and movement mechanisms of Phytophthora capsici sporangia. Phytopathology 99:1258-1264.
47. Hausbeck, M. K., Enzenbacher, T. B., Cortright, B. D., and Linderman, S. D. 2012. Phytophthora and fumigation. Michigan State University Ext. Bull.
48. Hausbeck, M. K., and Lamour, K. H. 2004. Phytophthora capsici on vegetable crops: Research progress and management challenges. Plant Dis. 88:1292-1303.
49. Hong, C. X., Richardson, P. A., Kong, P., and Bush, E. A. 2003. Efficacy of chlorine on multiple species of Phytophthora in recycled nursery irrigation water. Plant Dis. 87:1183-1189.
50. Hord, M. J., and Ristaino, J. B. 1992. Effect of the matric component of soil water potential on infection of pepper seedlings in soil infested with oospores of Phytophthora capsici. Phytopathology 82:792-798.
51. Huitema, E., Smoker, M., and Kamoun, S. 2011. A straightforward protocol for electro-transformation of Phytophthora capsici zoospores. Methods Mol. Biol. 712:129-135.
52. Hulvey, J., Hurtado-Gonzalez, O., Aragón-Caballero, L., Gobena, D., Storey, D., Finley, L., and Lamour, K. 2011. Genetic diversity of the pepper pathogen Phytophthora capsici on farms in the Amazonian high jungle of Peru. Am. J. Plant Sci. 2:461-466.
53. Hurtado-Gonzáles, O., Aragon-Caballero, L., Apaza-Tapia, W., Donahoo, R., and Lamour, K. 2008. Survival and spread of Phytophthora capsici in coastal Peru. Phytopathology 98:688-694.
54. Hwang, J. S., and Hwang, B. K. 1993. Quantitative evaluation of resistance of Korean tomato cultivars to isolates of Phytophthora capsici from different geographic areas. Plant Dis. 77:1256-1259.
55. Hyder, N., Coffey, M. D., and Stanghellini, M. E. 2009. Viability of oomycete propagules following ingestion and excretion by fungus gnats, shore flies, and snails. Plant Dis. 93:720-726.
56. Islam, S. Z., Babadoost, M., Lambert, K. N., Ndeme, A., and Fouly, H. M. 2004. Characterization of Phytophthora capsici isolates from processing pumpkin in Illinois. Plant Dis. 89:191-197.
57. Jarvis, W. R., Shipp, J. L., and Gardiner, R. B. 1993. Transmission of Pythium aphanidermatum to greenhouse cucumber by the fungus gnat Bradysia impatiens (Diptera: Sciaridae). Ann. Appl. Biol. 122:23-29.
58. Ji, P., Kone, D., Yin, J., Jackson, K. L., and Csinos, A. S. 2012. Soil amendments with Brassica cover crops for management of Phytophthora blight on squash. Pest. Manag. Sci. 68:639-644.
59. Jiang, Z., Guo, Y. H., Li, S. M., Qi, H. Y., and Guo, J. H. 2006. Evaluation of biocontrol efficiency of different Bacillus preparations and field application methods against Phytophthora blight of bell pepper. Biol. Control 36:216-223.
60. Keinath, A. P., and Kousik, C. S. 2011. Sensitivity of isolates of Phytophthora capsici from the eastern United States. Plant Dis. 95:1414-1419.
61. Khan, J., Ooka, J. J., Miller, S. A., Madden, L. V., and Hoitink, H. A. J. 2004. Systemic resistance induced by Trichoderma hamatum 382 in cucumber against Phytophthora crown rot and leaf blight. Plant Dis. 88:280-286.
62. Kim, E. S., and Hwang, B. K. 1992. Virulence to Korean pepper cultivars of isolates of Phytophthora capsici from different geographic areas. Plant Dis. 76:486-489.
63. Kim, K. D., Nemec, S., and Musson, G. 1997. Effects of composts and soil amendments on soil microflora and Phytophthora root and crown rot of bell pepper. Crop Prot. 16:165-172.
64. Kim, Y. J., Hwang, B., and Park, K. W. 1989. Expression of age-related resistance in pepper plants infected with Phytophthora capsici. Plant Dis. 73:745-747.
65. Kline, W. L., Wyenandt, C. A., Ward, D. L., Sudal, J. F., and Maxwell, N. L. 2011. Evaluation of six nitrogen fertility programs on marketable yield and development of skin separation in bell pepper fruit. HortTechnology 21:323-328.
66. Ko, W. 1988. Hormonal heterothallism and homothallism in Phytophthora. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 26:57-73.
67. Kousik, C. S., Adams, M. L., Jester, W. R., Hassell, R., Harrison, H. F., and Holmes, G. J. 2011. Effect of cultural practices and fungicides on Phytophthora fruit rot of watermelons in the Carolinas. Crop Prot. 30:888-894.
68. Kousik, C. S., and Keinath, A. P. 2008. First report of insensitivity to cyazofamid among isolates of Phytophthora capsici from the southeastern United States. Plant Dis. 92:979.
69. LaMondia, J. A., Li, D. W., and Vossbrinck, C. R. 2010. First report of blight of common bean caused by Phytophthora capsici in Connecticut. Plant Dis. 94:134.
70. Lamour, K., and Kamoun, S. 2009. Oomycete Genetics and Genomics: Diversity, Interactions, and Research Tools. John Wiley & Sons Inc., Hoboken, NJ.
71. Lamour, K., Mudge, J., Gobena, D., Hurtado-Gonzáles, O., Shmutz, J., Kuo, A., Miller, N. A., Rice, B. J., Raffaele, S., Cano, L. M., Bharti, A. K., Donahoo, R. S., Finley, S., Huitema, E., Hulvey, J., Platt, D., Salamov, A., Savidor, A., Sharma, R., Stam, R., Storey, D., Thines, M., Win, J., Haas, B. J., Dinwiddie, D. L., Jenkins, J., Knight, J. R., Affourtit, J. P., Han, C. S., Chertkov, O., Lindquist, E. A., Detter, C., Grigoriev, I. V., Kamoun, S., and Kingsmore, S. K. 2012. Genome sequencing and mapping reveal loss of heterozygosity as a mechanism for rapid adaptation in the vegetable pathogen Phytophthora capsici. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 25:1350-1360.
72. Lamour, K. H., and Hausbeck, M. K. 2000. Mefenoxam insensitivity and the sexual stage of Phytophthora capsici in Michigan cucurbit fields. Phytopathology 90:396-400.
73. Lamour, K. H., and Hausbeck, M. K. 2001. Investigating the spatiotemporal genetic structure of Phytophthora capsici in Michigan. Phytopathology 91:973-980.
74. Lamour, K. H., and Hausbeck, M. K. 2002. The spatiotemporal genetic structure of Phytophthora capsici in Michigan and implications for disease management. Phytopathology 92:681-684.
75. Lamour, K. H., and Hausbeck, M. K. 2003. Effect of crop rotation on the survival of Phytophthora capsici in Michigan. Plant Dis. 87:841-845.
76. Latijnhouwers, M., de Wit, P. J., and Govers, F. 2003. Oomycetes and fungi: Similar weaponry to attack plants. Trends Microbiol. 11:462-469.
77. Lee, B. K., Kim, B. S., Chang, S. W., and Hwang, B. K. 2001. Agressiveness to pumpkin cultivars of isolates of Phytopththora capsici from pumpkin and pepper. Plant Dis. 85:497-500.
78. Leonian, L. H. 1922. Stem and fruit blight of peppers caused by Phytophthora capsici sp. nov. Phytopathology 12:401-408.
79. Liu, B., Gumpertz, M. L., Hu, S., and Ristaino, J. B. 2008. Effect of prior tillage and soil fertility amendments on dispersal of Phytophthora capsici and infection of pepper. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 120:273-287.
80. Luz, E. D. M. N., Cerqueira, A. O., Faleiro, F. G., Dantas Neto, A., Matsuoka, K., and Marques, J. R. B. 2003. Genetic diversity of Phytophthora capsici isolates from different hosts based on RAPD markers, pathogenicity and morphology. (In Portuguese, with English abstract.) Fitopatol. Bras. 28:559-564.
81. Madden, L. V. 1997. Effects of rain splash dispersal of fungal pathogens. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 19:225-230.
82. Matheron, M. E., and Porchas, M. 2008. Efficacy of fungicides for management of the soil phase of Phytophthora blight on pepper plants, 2006. Plant Dis. Manag. Rep. 2:V083. Online publication.
83. McDonald, B. A., and Linde, C. 2002. Pathogen population genetics, evolutionary potential, and durable resistance. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 40:349-379.
84. McGrath, M. T. 2009. Phytophthora blight affects snap bean on Long Island, NY. Online publication. http://vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell. edu/NewsArticles/Bean_phytoJune09.html
85. Mchau, G. R. A., and Coffey, M. D. 1995. Evidence for the existence of two distinct subpopulations in Phytophthora capsici and a redescription of the species. Mycol. Res. 99:89-102.
86. Nesmith, W. Phytophthora diseases of vegetable crops-a wake up call! Online publication. http://www.uky.edu/Ag/kpn/kpn_03/pn030623.htm
87. Oelke, L. M., and Bosland, P. W. 2003. Differentiation of race specific resistance to Phytophthora root rot and foliar blight in Capsicum annuum. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 128:213-218.
88. Oudemans, P., and Coffey, M. D. 1991. A revised systematics of twelve papillate Phytophthora species based on isozyme analysis. Mycol. Res. 95:1025-1046.
89. Oudemans, P., and Coffey, M. D. 1991. Relationships between Phytophthora species: Evidence from isozyme analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
90. Padley, J. L. D., Kabelka, E. A., and Roberts, P. 2009. Inheritance of resistance to crown rot caused by Phytopthora capsici in Cucurbita. HortScience 44:211-213.
91. Pan, Z. 1997. Investigation of genetic variation in Phytophthora capsici. Ph.D. diss. University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
92. Parra, G., and Ristaino, J. B. 1998. Insensitivity to Ridomil Gold (mefenoxam) found among field isolates of Phytophthora capsici causing Phytophthora blight on bell pepper in North Carolina and New Jersey. Plant Dis. 82:711.
93. Parra, G., and Ristaino, J. B. 2001. Resistance to mefenoxam and metalaxyl among field isolates of Phytophthora capsici causing Phytophthora blight of bell pepper. Plant Dis. 85:1069-1075.
94. Ploetz, R., Heine, G., Haynes, J., and Watson, M. 2001. An investigation of biological attributes that may contribute to the importance of Phytophthora capsici as a vegetable pathogen in Florida. Ann. Appl. Biol. 140:61-67.
95. Polach, F. J., and Webster, R. K. 1972. Identification of strains and inheritance of pathogenicity in Phytophthora capsici. Phytopathology 62:20-26.
96. Quesada-Ocampo, L. M., Fulbright, D. W., and Hausbeck, M. K. 2009. Susceptibility of Fraser fir to Phytophthora capsici. Plant Dis. 93:135-141.
97. Quesada-Ocampo, L. M., Granke, L. L., and Hausbeck, M. K. 2011. Temporal genetic structure of Phytophthora capsici populations from a creek used for irrigation in Michigan. Plant Dis. 95:1358-1369.
98. Quesada-Ocampo, L. M., Granke, L. L., Mercier, M. R., Olsen, J., and Hausbeck, M. K. 2011. Investigating the genetic structure of Phytophthora capsici populations. Phytopathology 101:1061-1073.
99. Quesada-Ocampo, L. M., and Hausbeck, M. K. 2010. Resistance in tomato and wild relatives to crown and root rot caused by Phytophthora capsici. Phytopathology 100:619-627.
100. Reifschneider, F. J. B., Adalberto, C. C. F., and Arildo, M. R. 1986. Factors affecting expression of resistance in pepper (Capsicum annuum) to blight caused by Phytophthora capsici in screening trials. Plant Pathol. 35:451-456.
101. Ribeiro, O. K. 1983. Physiology of asexual sporulation and spore germination in Phytophthora. In: Phytophthora: Its Biology, Taxonomy, Ecology, and Pathology. D. C. Erwin, S. Bartnicki-Garcia, and P. H. Tsao, eds. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
102. Ristaino, J. B. 1990. Intraspecific variation among isolates of Phytophthora capsici from pepper and cucurbit fields in North Carolina. Phytopathology 80:1253-1259.
103. Ristaino, J. B. 1991. Influence of rainfall, drip irrigation, and inoculum density on the development of Phytophthora root and crown rot epidemics and yield in bell pepper. Phytopathology 81:922-929.
104. Ristaino, J. B., Hord, M. J., and Gumpertz, M. L. 1992. Population densities of Phytophthora capsici in field soils in relation to drip irrigation, rainfall, and disease incidence. Plant Dis. 76:1017-1024.
105. Ristaino, J. B., and Johnston, S. A. 1999. Ecologically based approaches to management of Phytophthora blight on bell pepper. Plant Dis. 83:1080-1089.
106. Ristaino, J. B., Larkin, R. P., and Campbell, C. L. 1993. Spatial and temporal dynamics of Phytophthora epidemics in commercial bell pepper fields. Phytopathology 83:1312-1320.
107. Ristaino, J. B., Parra, G., and Campbell, C. L. 1997. Suppression of Phytophthora blight in bell pepper by a no-till wheat cover crop. Phytopathology 87:242-249.
108. Roberts, P. D., Urs, R. R., French-Monar, R. D., Hoffine, M. S., Seijo, T. E., and McGovern, R. J. 2005. Survival and recovery of Phytophthora capsici and oomycetes in tailwater and soil from vegetable fields in Florida. Ann. Appl. Biol. 146:351-359.
109. Roe, N. E., Stoffella, P. J., and Bryan, H. H. 1994. Growth and yields of bell pepper and winter squash grown with organic and living mulches. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 119:1193-1999.
110. Sandsten, E. P. 1939. Director's annual report. Fifty-second fiscal year, 1938-1939. Colo. Agric. Exp. Stn. Rpt. Page 63.
111. Sang, M. K., Kim, J. G., and Kim, K. D. 2010. Biocontrol activity and induction of systemic resistance in pepper by compost water extracts against Phytophthora capsici. Phytopathology 100:774-783.
112. Satour, M. M., and Butler, E. E. 1968. Comparative morphological and physiological studies of the progenies from intraspecific matings of Phytophthora capsici. Phytopathology 58:183-192.
113. Schlub, R. L. 1983. Epidemiology of Phytophthora capsici on bell pepper. J. Agric. Sci., Cambridge 100:7-11.
114. Schornack, S., van Damme, M., Bozkurt, T. O., Cano, L. M., Smoker, M., Thines, M., Gaulin, E., Kamoun, S., and Huitema, E. 2010. Ancient class of translocated oomycete effectors targets the host nucleus. PNAS 107:17421-17426.
115. Silvar, C., Merino, F., and Díaz, J. 2006. Diversity of Phytophthora capsici in northwest Spain: Analysis of virulence, metalaxyl response, and molecular characterization. Plant Dis. 90:1135-1142.
116. Springer, J. K., and Johnston, S. A. 1982. Black polyethylene mulch and Phytophthora blight of pepper. Plant Dis. 66:281.
117. Sy, O., and Bosland, P. W. 2005. Inheritance of Phytophthora stem blight resistance as compared to Phytophthora root rot and foliar blight in Capsicum annuum L. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 30:75-78.
118. Tamietti, G., and Valentino, D. 2001. Physiological characterization of a population of Phytophthora capsici Leon. from northern Italy. J. Plant Pathol. 83:199-205.
119. Thabuis, A., Lefebvre, V., Bernard, G., Daubeze, A. M., Phaly, T., Pochard, E., and Palloix, A. 2004. Phenotypic and molecular evaluation of a recurrent selection program for a polygenic resistance to Phytophthora capsici in pepper. Theor. Appl. Genet. 109:342-351.
120. Thabuis, A., Palloix, A., Pflieger, S., Daubeze, A. M., Caranta, C., and Lefebvre, V. 2003. Comparative mapping of Phytophthora resistance loci across Solanaceae and for a large genetic diversity. Theor. Appl. Genet. 106:1473-1485.
121. Tian, D., and Babadoost, M. 2003. Genetic variation among isolates of Phytophthora capsici from Illinois. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 93:S84.
122. Tian, D., and Babadoost, M. 2004. Host range of Phytophthora capsici from pumpkin and pathogenicity of isolates. Plant Dis. 88:485-489.
123. Tompkins, C. M., and Tucker, C. M. 1937. Phytophthora rot of honeydew melon. J. Agric. Res. 54:933-944.
124. Tompkins, C. M., and Tucker, C. M. 1941. Root rot of pepper and pumpkin caused by Phytophthora capsici. J. Agric. Res. 63:417-426.
125. Tyler, B. M. 2002. Molecular basis of recognition between Phytophthora pathogens and their hosts. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 40:137-167.
126. van West, P., Morris, B. M., Reid, B., Appiah, A. A., Osborne, M. C., Campbell, T. A., Shepherd, S. J., and Gow, N. A. R. 2002. Oomycete plant pathogens use electric fields to target roots. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 15:790-798.
127. Walker, S. J., and Bosland, P. W. 1999. Inheritance of Phytophthora root rot and foliar blight resistance in pepper. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 124:14-18.
128. Wang, Z., Langston, D. B., Csinos, A. S., Gitaitis, R. D., Walcott, R. R., and Ji, P. 2009. Development of an improved isolation approach and simple sequence repeat marker to characterize Phytophthora capsici populations in irrigation ponds in southern Georgia. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75:5467-5473.
129. Weber, G. F. 1932. Blight of peppers in Florida caused by Phytophthora capsici. Phytopathology 22:775-780.
130. Wiant, J. S., and Tucker, C. M. 1940. A rot of winter queen watermelons caused by Phytophthora capsici. J. Agric. Res. 60:73-88.
131. Yin, J., Jackson, K. L., Candole, B. L., Csinos, A. S., Langston, D. B., and Ji, P. 2012. Aggressiveness and diversity of Phytophthora capsici on vegetable crops in Georgia. Ann. Appl. Biol. 160:191-200.