The nature of porosity in organic-rich mudstones of the Upper Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay Formation, North Sea, offshore United Kingdom

International Journal of Coal Geology

Volumn 103, Issue , 2012, Pages 32-50

  Fishman, Neil S ^a,e   Hackley, Paul C ^b   Lowers, Heather A ^a   Hill, Ronald J ^c   Egenhoff, Sven O ^d   Eberl, Dennis D ^b   Blum, Alex E ^b  

^a DENVER FEDERAL CENTER   (United States)

^b U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

^c Noble Energy   (United States)

^d Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences   (United States)

^e HESS CORPORATION   (United States)

Author keywords

Ar mill; Kimmeridge; Maceral; Maturation; Microporosity; Nanoporosity; Organic porosity

Indexed keywords

AR-MILL; KIMMERIDGE; MACERALS; MATURATION; NANOPOROSITY;

COAL; FELDSPAR; FUNCTION EVALUATION; HYDROCARBONS; MICROPOROSITY; PETROLEUM GEOLOGY; QUARTZ; ROCKS;

NANOPORES;

ALGINITE; BITUMINOUS COAL; HYDROCARBON GENERATION; HYDROCARBON RESERVOIR; HYDROCARBON RESOURCE; JURASSIC; MACERAL; MUDSTONE; PETROGENESIS; PETROGRAPHY; POROSITY; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SOURCE ROCK; THERMAL MATURITY; VITRINITE;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; NORTH SEA;

TASMANITES;

EID: 84868089194     PISSN: 01665162     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.coal.2012.07.012     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Aplin A.C., Macquaker J.H.S. Mudstone diversity-origin and implications for source, seal, and reservoir properties in petroleum systems. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 2011, 95:2031-2059.
2. Aplin A.C., Matenaar I.F., McCarty D.K., van der Pluijm B.A. Influence of mechanical compaction and clay mineral diagenesis on the microfabric and pore-scale properties of deep-water Gulf of Mexico mudstones. Clays and Clay Minerals 2006, 54:500-514.
3. Bernard S., Horsfield B., Schulz H.M., Wirth R., Schreiber A., Sherwood N. Geochemical evolution of organic-rich shales with increasing maturity-a STXM and TEM study of the Posidonia Shale (Lower Toarcian, northern Germany). Marine and Petroleum Geology 2012, 31:70-89.
4. Chew K.J., Stephenson H. Exploration success offshore Norway compared with the remainder of the North Sea Graben System and with other hydrocarbon provinces. Habitat of hydrocarbons on the Norwegian continental shelf 1986, 61-74. Graham and Trotman, London. A.M. Spences (Ed.).
5. Claypool G.E., Kvenvolden K.A. Methane and other hydrocarbon gases in marine sediment. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 1983, 11:299-327.
6. Cox B.M., Gallois R.W. The stratigraphy of the Kimmeridge Clay of the Dorset type area and its correlation with some other Kimmeridgian sequences. Republic Institute of Geological Sciences 1981, 80. 44 pp.
7. Curtis M.E., Sondergeld C.H., Ambrose R.J., Rai C.S. Microstructural investigation of gas shales in two and three dimensions using nanometer-scale resolution imaging. American Association of Petroleum Geologists 2012, 96:665-677.
8. Desbois G., Urai J.L., Kukla P.A. Morphology of the pore space in claystones-evidence from BIB/FIB ion beam sectioning and cryo-SEM observations. eEarth Discussion 2009, 4:1-9.
9. Eberl D.D. User's guide to ROCKJOCK-a program for determining quantitative mineralogy from powder X-ray diffraction data. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-78 2003, 42 pp.
10. Eberl D.D., Drits V.A., Srödon J., Nuesch R. Mudmaster-a program for calculating crystallite size distributions and strain from the shapes of X-ray diffraction peaks. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-171 1996, 53 pp.
11. Eberl D.D., Nüesch R., Sucha V., Tsipursky S. Measurement of fundamental illite particle thicknesses by X-ray diffraction using PVP-10 intercalation. Clays and Clay Minerals 1998, 46:89-97.
12. Eberl D.D., Drits V.A., Srodon J. Deducing crystal growth mechanisms for minerals from the shapes of crystal size distributions. American Journal of Science 1998, 298:499-533.
13. Egenhoff, S.O., Fishman, N.S., in press, Traces in the dark-sedimentation processes and bioturbation gradients across the Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian upper shale member of the Bakken Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota, USA: Journal of Sedimentary Research, 49 ms pages.
14. Energy Information Administration Summary-U.S. crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids proved reserves 2009 (Accessed January 31, 2011). http://www.eia.gov/pub/oil_gas/natural_gas/data_publications/crude_oil_natural_gas_reserves/current/pdf/arrsummary.pdf.
15. Espitalié J., La Porte J.L., Madec M., Marquis F., Le Plat P., Paulet J., Boutefeu A. Méthode rapide de caracterisation des roches meres de leur potentiel pétrolier et de leur degré d'évolution. Révue de I'Institut Francais du Pétrole 1977, 32:23-41.
16. Espitalié J., Marquis F., Barsony I. Geochemical logging. Analytical Pyrolysis-techniques and applications 1984, 276-304. Butterworth, London. K.J. Vorhees (Ed.).
17. Fishman, N.S., Bereskin, S.R., Bowker, K.A., Cardott, B.J., Chidsey, T.C., Dubiel, R.F., Enomoto, C.B., Harrison, W.B., Jarvie, D.M., Jenkins, C.L., LeFever, J.A., Li, P., McCracken, J.N., Morgan, C.D., Nordeng, S.H., Nyahay, R.E., Schamel, S., Sumner, R.L., Wray, L.L., 2011. Gas shale/shale oil. In: Warwick, P.D., (compiler), Unconventional Energy Resources-2011 Review. Natural Resources Research 20, 288-301.
18. Fishman, N.S., Ellis, G.E., Paxton, S.T., Boehlke, A.R., Egenhoff, S.O., in press, Gas storage in the Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian Woodford Shale, Arbuckle Mountains, Oklahoma-how much of a role do the cherts play?: American Association of Petroleum Geologist Memoir, Hedberg volume, 34 ms pages.
19. Gautier D.L. Region 4-Europe, Assessment Summary. U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series 60, Chapter R4, U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000-Description and Results (Accessed December 9, 2011). http://energy.cr.usgs.gov/WEcont/regions/reg4/R4.pdf.
20. Gerdes G., Krumbein W.E. Biolaminated deposits. Lecture notes in Earth Sciences 9 1987, Springer-Verlag, New York, 183 pp.
21. Goldstein J.I., Newbury D.E., Echlin P., Joy D.C., Fiori C., Lifshin E. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis 1981, Plenum, New York, 673 pp.
22. Heath J.E., Dewers T.A., McPherson B.J.O.L., Petrusak R., Chidsey T.C., Rinehart A.J., Mozley P.S. Pore networks in continental and marine mudstones-characteristics and controls on sealing behavior. Geosphere 2011, 7:429-454.
23. Hildred G., Ratcliffe K., Schmidt K. Application of inorganic whole-rock geochemistry to shale resource plays-an example from the Eagle Ford Shale, Texas. Houston Geological Society Bulletin 2011, 53:31-37.
24. Hill D.G., Curtis J.B., Lillis P.G. Update on North America shale-gas exploration and development. Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists 2008 Guidebook 2008, 11-42. D.G. Hill, P.G. Lillis, J.B. Curtis (Eds.).
25. Ho N.C., van der Pluijm B.A., Peacor D.R. Preferred orientation of phyllosilicates in Gulf Coast mudstones and relation to the smectite-to-illite transition. Clays and Clay Minerals 1999, 47:495-504.
26. Horodyski R.J. Middle Proterozoic shale-facies microbiota from the Lower Belt Supergroup, Little Belt Mountains, Montana. Journal of Paleontology 1980, 54:649-663.
27. Horodyski R.J., Bloeser V., Von der Haar S. Laminated algal mats from a coastal lagoon, Laguna Mormona, Baja California. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 1977, 47:680-696.
28. Jarvie D.M., Hill R.J., Ruble T.E., Pollastro R.M. Unconventional shale-gas systems-the Mississippian Barnett Shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 2007, 91:475-499.
29. Johnson H., Leslie A.B., Wilson C.K., Andrews I.J., Cooper R.M. Middle Jurassic, Upper Jurassic, and Lower Cretaceous of the UK Central and Northern North Sea. British Geological Survey Research Report RR/03/001 2005, 42 pp.
30. Keller L.M., Holzer L., Wepf R., Gasser P. 3D geometry and topology of pore pathways in opalinus clay-implications for mass transport. Applied Clay Science 2011, 52:85-95.
31. Kennedy M.J., Pevear D.R., Hill R.J. Mineral surface control of organic carbon in black shale. Science 2002, 295:657-660.
32. Klemme H.D., Ulmishek G.F. Effective petroleum source rocks of the World-stratigraphic distribution and controlling depositional factors. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 1991, 75:1809-1851.
33. Loucks R.G., Ruppel S.C. Mississippian Barnett Shale-lithofacies and depositional setting of a deep-water shale-gas succession in the Fort Worth Basin, Texas. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 2007, 91:579-601.
34. Loucks R.G., Reed R.M., Ruppel S.C., Jarvie D.M. Morphology, genesis, and distribution of nanometer-scale pores in siliceous mudstones of the Mississippian Barnett Shale. Journal of Sedimentary Research 2009, 79:848-861.
35. Loucks R.G., Reed R.M., Ruppel S.C., Hammes U. Preliminary classification of matrix pores in mudrocks. Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions 2010, 60:435-441.
36. Loucks R.G., Reed R.M., Ruppel S.C., Hammes U. Spectrum of pore types and networks in mudrocks and a descriptive classification for matrix-related mudrock pores. American Association of Petroleum Geologist Bulletin 2012, 96:1071-1098.
37. Lu J., Milliken K.L., Reed R.M., Hovorka S. Diagenesis and sealing capacity of the middle Tuscaloosa Mudstone at the Cranfield carbon dioxide injection site, Mississippi, U.S.A. Environmental Geosciences 2011, 18:35-53.
38. Macquaker J.H.S., Gawthorpe R.L. Mudstone lithofacies in the Kimmeridge Clay formation, Wessex Basin, southern England-implications for the origin and controls of the distribution of mudstones. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 1993, 63:1129-1143.
39. Macquaker J.H.S., Keller M.A. Mudstone sedimentation at high latitudes-ice as transport medium for mud and supplier of nutrients. Journal of Sedimentary Research 2005, 75:696-709.
40. Macquaker J.H.S., Keller M.A., Davies S.J. Algal blooms and "marine snow"-mechanisms that enhance preservation of organic carbon in ancient fine-grained sediments. Journal of Sedimentary Research 2010, 80:934-942.
41. Martens C.S., Berner R.A. Methane production in the interstitial waters of sulfate-depleted marine sediments. Science 1974, 185:1167-1169.
42. Modica C.J., Lapierre S.G. Estimation of kerogen porosity in source rocks as a function of thermal transformation-example from the Mowry Shale in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 2012, 96:87-108.
43. Moore D.M., Reynolds R.C. X-ray diffraction and the identification and analysis of clay minerals 1989, Oxford University Press, New York, 332 pp.
44. Okiongbo K.S., Aplin A.C., Larter S.R. Changes in Type II kerogen density as a function of maturity-evidence from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation. Energy & Fuels 2005, 19:2495-2499.
45. Oschmann W. Microbes and black shales. Microbial sediments 2000, 137-148. Springer, Berlin. R.E. Riding, S.M. Awramik (Eds.).
46. Passey Q.R., Bohacs K.M., Esch W.L., Klimentidis R., Sinha S. From oil-prone rock to gas-producing shale reservoir-geological and petrophysical characterization of unconventional shale-gas reservoirs. Society of Petroleum Engineers Paper 131350 2010, 29 pp.
47. Peters K.E., Cassa M.R. Applied source rock geochemistry. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 1994, 60:93-117. L.B. Magoon, W.G. Dow (Eds.).
48. Peters K.E., Ramos L.S., Zumberge J.E., Valin Z.C., Scotese C.R., Gautier D.L. Circum-Arctic petroleum systems identified using decision-tree chemometrics. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 2007, 91:877-913.
49. Rice D.D., Claypool G.E. Generation, accumulation, and resource potential of biogenic gas. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 1981, 65:5-25.
50. Richards P.C., Lott G.K., Johnson H., Knox R.W.O'.B., Riding J.B. Jurassic of the central northern North Sea. Lithostratigraphic nomenclature of the UK North Sea 1993, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, 252 pp. R.W.O.'.B. Knox, W.G. Cordey (Eds.).
51. Schieber J. Possible indicators of microbial mat deposits in shales and sandstones-examples from the Mid-Proterozoic Belt Supergroup, Montana, USA. Sedimentary Geology 1998, 120:105-124.
52. Schieber J. Microbial mats in terrigenous clastics: the challenge of identification in the rock record. Palaios 1999, 14:3-13. J.W. Hagadorn, F. Pflüger, D.J. Bottjer (Eds.).
53. Schieber J. Common themes in the formation and preservation of porosity in shales and mudstones-illustrated with examples across the Phanerozoic. Society of Petroleum Engineers Paper 132370 2010, 12 pp.
54. Schoell M. The hydrogen and carbon isotopic composition of methane from natural gases of various ages. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 1980, 67:2225-2238.
55. Scotchman I.C. Kerogen facies and maturity of the Kimmeridge Clay Formation in southern and eastern England. Marine and Petroleum Geology 1991, 8:278-295.
56. Shanks A.L. The abundance, vertical flux, and still-water and apparent sinking rates of marine snow in a shallow coastal water column. Continental Shelf Research 2002, 22:2045-2064.
57. Slatt R.M., O'Brien N.R. Pore types in the Barnett and Woodford gas shales-contributions to understanding gas storage and migration pathways in fine-grained rocks. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 2011, 95:2017-2030.
58. Taylor G.H., Teichmüller D.A., Diessel C.F.K., Littke R., Robert P. Organic Petrology 1998, Gerbrüder Vorntraeger, Berlin, 704 pp.
59. Teichmüller M., Ottenjann K. Art und diagenese von liptiniten und lipoiden stoffen in einem erdölmuttergestein auf grund fluoroeszenzmikroskopischer untersuchungen. Erdöl und Kohle 1977, 30:387-398.
60. Tyson R.V., Wilson R.C.L., Downie C. A stratified water column environmental model for the Kimmeridge Clay. Nature 1979, 77:377-380.
61. van Krevelen D.W. Coal 1961, Elsevier, London, 624 pp.
62. Walls J.D., Diaz E., Sinclair S.W. Digital rock physics reveals link between reservoir quality and pore type in Eagle Ford Shale. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Southwest Section Meeting, Abstracts with Program 2010, http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/2011/40785walls/ndx_walls.pdf, (Accessed January 24, 2012).
63. Weedon G.P., Jenkyns H.C., Coe A.L., Hesselbo S.P. Astronomical calibration of the Jurassic time-scale from cyclostratigraphy in British mudrock formations. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 1999, 357:1787-1813.
64. 2 reduction vs acetate fermentation-isotopic evidence. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1986, 50:693-709.
65. Wignall P.B. Test of the concepts of sequence stratigraphy in the Kimmeridigian (Late Jurassic) of England and northern France. Marine and Petroleum Geology 1991, 8:430-441.
66. Williams C.J., Hesselbo S.P., Jenkyns H.C., Morgans-Bell H.S. Quartz silt in mudrocks as a key to sequence stratigraphy (Kimmeridge Clay Formation, Late Jurassic, Wessex Basin, UK). Terra Nova 2001, 13:449-455.
67. Zhang C., Grossman E.L., Ammerman J.W. Factors influencing methane distribution in Texas ground water. Groundwater 1998, 36:58-66.
68. Ziegler P.A. Geological atlas of Western and Central Europe. Shell Internationale Petroleum Maatschappij B.V. 1990, Drukkerij, Verweig, and Mijdrecht, The Hague, 239 pp.