Probiotics, Prebiotics, Energy Balance, and Obesity. Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Implications

Gastroenterology Clinics of North America

Volumn 41, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 843-854

  Molinaro, Federica ^a   Paschetta, Elena ^a   Cassader, Maurizio ^a   Gambino, Roberto ^a   Musso, Giovanni ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TURIN   (Italy)

^b GRADENIGO HOSPITAL   (Italy)

Author keywords

Endotoxin; Microbiota; Obesity; Prebiotics; Probiotics

Indexed keywords

GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE 1; GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE 2; INCRETIN; OLIGOSACCHARIDE; PREBIOTIC AGENT; PROBIOTIC AGENT; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; VITAMIN D;

BIFIDOBACTERIUM; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; ENDOTOXEMIA; ENERGY BALANCE; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FATTY ACID METABOLISM; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; GLUCOSE METABOLISM; HORMONE RELEASE; HUMAN; IMMUNOMODULATION; INFLAMMATION; INNATE IMMUNITY; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INTESTINE FLORA; LACTOBACILLUS; LIPID STORAGE; LIPOGENESIS; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; STREPTOCOCCUS; VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY;

ENDOTOXEMIA; ENERGY METABOLISM; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; HUMANS; OBESITY; PREBIOTICS; PROBIOTICS;

EID: 84867922537     PISSN: 08898553     EISSN: 15581942     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2012.08.009     Document Type: Review

References (69)

1. Zoetendal E.G., Vaughan E.E., de Vos W.M. A microbial world within us. Mol Microbiol 2006, 59:1639-1650.
2. Turnbaugh P.J., Hamady M., Yatsunenko T., et al. A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins. Nature 2009, 457:480-484.
3. Backhed F., Ding H., Wang T., et al. The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004, 101:15718-15723.
4. Turnbaugh P.J., Ley R.E., Mahowald M.A., et al. An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature 2006, 444:1027-1031.
5. Backhed F., Manchester J.K., Semenkovich C.F., et al. Mechanisms underlying the resistance to diet-induced obesity in germ-free mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007, 104:979-984.
6. Ley R.E., Bäckhed F., Turnbaugh P., et al. Obesity alters gut microbial ecology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005, 102:11070-11075.
7. Turnbaugh P.J., Bäckhed F., Fulton L., et al. Diet-induced obesity is linked to marked but reversible alterations in the mouse distal gut microbiome. Cell Host Microbe 2008, 3:213-223.
8. Cani P.D., Amar J., Iglesias M.A., et al. Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes 2007, 56:1761-1772.
9. Vijay-Kumar M., Aitken J.D., Carvalho F.A., et al. Metabolic syndrome and altered gut microbiota in mice lacking Toll-like receptor 5. Science 2010, 328:228-231.
10. Louis P., Flint H.J. Diversity, metabolism and microbial ecology of butyrate producing bacteria from the human large intestine. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009, 294:1-8.
11. Samuel B.S., Shaito A., Motoike T., et al. Effects of the gut microbiota on host adiposity are modulated by the short-chain fatty acid binding G protein-coupled receptor, Gpr41. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008, 105:16767-16772.
12. Bjursell M., Admyre T., Göransson M., et al. Improved glucose control and reduced body fat mass in free fatty acid receptor 2-deficient mice fed a highfat diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011, 300:211-220.
13. Musso G., Gambino R., Cassader M. Recent insights into hepatic lipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Prog Lipid Res 2009, 48:1-26.
14. Dutton S., Trayhurn P. Regulation of angiopoietin-like protein 4/fasting-induced adipose factor (Angptl4/FIAF) expression in mouse white adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Br J Nutr 2008, 100:18-26.
15. Musso G., Gambino R., Cassander M. Interactions between gut microbiota and host metabolism predisposing to obesity and diabetes. Annu Rev Med 2011, 62:361-380.
16. Aronsson L., Huang Y., Parini P., et al. Decreased fat storage by Lactobacillus paracasei is associated with increased levels of angiopoietin-like 4 protein (ANGPTL4). PLoS One 2010, 5:13087.
17. Musso G., Gambino R., Cassader M. Emerging molecular targets for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Annu Rev Med 2010, 61:375-392.
18. Seki E., Brenner D.A. TLR and adaptor molecules in liver disease: update. Hepatology 2008, 48:322-335.
19. Neyrinck A.M., Cani P.D., Dewulf E.M., et al. Critical role of Kupffer cells in the management of diet-induced diabetes and obesity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009, 385:351-356.
20. Huang W., Metlakunta A., Dedousis N., et al. Depletion of liver Kupffer cells prevents the development of diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Diabetes 2010, 59:347-357.
21. Csak T., Ganz M., Pespisa J., et al. Fatty acid and endotoxin activate inflammasomes in mouse hepatocytes that release danger signals to stimulate immune cells. Hepatology 2011, 54(1):133-144.
22. Cani P.D., Bibiloni R., Knauf C., et al. Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Diabetes 2008, 57:1470-1481.
23. Osto M., Zini E., Franchini M., et al. Subacute endotoxemia induces adipose inflammation and changes in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in cats. Endocrinology 2011, 152:804-815.
24. Cani P.D., Possemiers S., Van de Wiele T., et al. Changes in gut microbiota control inflammation in obese mice through a mechanism involving GLP-2-driven improvement of gut permeability. Gut 2009, 58:1091-1103.
25. Zhou J., Martin R.J., Tulley R.T., et al. Dietary resistant starch upregulates total GLP-1 and PYY in a sustained day-long manner through fermentation in rodents. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008, 295:E1160-E1166.
26. Gorissen L., Raes K., Weckx S., et al. Production of conjugated linoleic acid and conjugated linolenic acid isomers by Bifidobacterium species. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010, 87:2257-2266.
27. Devillard E., McIntosh F.M., Paillard D., et al. Differences between human subjects in the composition of the faecal bacterial community and faecal metabolism of linoleic acid. Microbiology 2009, 155(Pt 2):513-520.
28. Wall R., Ross R.P., Shanahan F., et al. Metabolic activity of the enteric microbiota influences the fatty acid composition of murine and porcine liver and adipose tissues. Am J Clin Nutr 2009, 89:1393-1401.
29. Lewis K., Lutgendorff F., Phan V., et al. Enhanced translocation of bacteria across metabolically stressed epithelia is reduced by butyrate. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010, 16:1138-1148.
30. Freeland K.R., Wolever T.M. Acute effects of intravenous and rectal acetate on glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, ghrelin, adiponectin and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Br J Nutr 2010, 103:460-466.
31. Parikh S.J., Edelman M., Uwaifo G.I., et al. The relationship between obesity and serum 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D concentrations in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004, 89:1196-1199.
32. Mai V., McCrary Q.M., Sinha R., et al. Associations between dietary habits and body mass index with gut microbiota composition and fecal water genotoxicity: an observational study in African American and Caucasian American volunteers. Nutr J 2009, 8:49.
33. Adorini L., Penna G. Dendritic cell tolerogenicity: a key mechanism in immunomodulation by vitamin D receptor agonists. Hum Immunol 2009, 70:345-352.
34. Yu S., Bruce D., Froicu M., et al. Failure of T cell homing, reduced CD4/CD8alphaalpha intraepithelial lymphocytes, and inflammation in the gut of vitamin D receptor KO mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008, 105:20834-20839.
35. Wu S., Liao A.P., Xia Y., et al. Vitamin D receptor negatively regulates bacterial-stimulated NF-kappaB activity in intestine. Am J Pathol 2010, 177:686-697.
36. Ley R.E., Turnbaugh P.J., Klein S., et al. Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity. Nature 2006, 444:1022-1023.
37. Zhang H., DiBaise J.K., Zuccolo A., et al. Human gut microbiota in obesity and after gastric bypass. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009, 106:2365-2370.
38. Duncan S.H., Lobley G.E., Holtrop G., et al. Human colonic microbiota associated with diet, obesity and weight loss. Int J Obes 2008, 32:1720-1724.
39. Santacruz A., Marcos A., Wärnberg J., et al. Interplay between weight loss and gut microbiota composition in overweight adolescents. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009, 17:1906-1915.
40. Nadal I., Santacruz A., Marcos A., et al. Shifts in clostridia, bacteroides and immunoglobulin-coating fecal bacteria associated with weight loss in obese adolescents. Int J Obes 2009, 33:758-767.
41. Kalliomaki M., Collado M.C., Salminen S., et al. Early differences in fecal microbiota composition in children may predict overweight. Am J Clin Nutr 2008, 87:534-538.
42. Schwiertz A., Taras D., Schäfer K., et al. Microbiota and SCFA in lean and overweight healthy subjects. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010, 18(1):190-195.
43. Arumugam M., Raes J., Pelletier E., et al. Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature 2011, 473(7346):174-180. [Erratum appears in Nature 2011;474(7353):666].
44. Cani P.D., Joly E., Horsmans Y., et al. Oligofructose promotes satiety in healthy human: a pilot study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006, 60:567-572.
45. Mehta N., McGillicuddy F.C., Anderson P.D., et al. Experimental endotoxemia induces adipose inflammation and insulin resistance in humans. Diabetes 2010, 59:172-181.
46. Ghanim H., Abuaysheh S., Sia C.L., et al. Increase in plasma endotoxin concentrations and the expression of Toll-like receptors and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 in mononuclear cells after a high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal: implications for insulin resistance. Diabetes Care 2009, 32:2281-2287.
47. Kootte R.S., Vrieze A., Holleman F., et al. The therapeutic potential of manipulating gut microbiota in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012, 14(2):112-120.
48. Goossens D.A., Jonkers D.M., Russel M.G., et al. The effect of a probiotic drink with Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on the bacterial composition in faeces and mucosal biopsies of rectum and ascending colon. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006, 23(2):255-263.
49. Martin F.P., Wang Y., Sprenger N., et al. Probiotic modulation of symbiotic gut microbial-host metabolic interactions in a humanized microbiome mouse model. Mol Syst Biol 2008, 4:157.
50. van Baarlen P., Troost F., van der Meer C., et al. Human mucosal in vivo transcriptome responses to three lactobacilli indicate how probiotics may modulate human cellular pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011, 108(Suppl 1):4562-4569.
51. Konstantinov S.R., Smidt H., de Vos W.M., et al. S layer protein A of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM regulates immature dendritic cell and T cell functions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008, 105:19474-19479.
52. van Baarlen P., Troost F.J., van H.S., et al. Differential NF-kappaB pathways induction by Lactobacillus plantarum in the duodenum of healthy humans correlating with immune tolerance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009, 106:2371-2376.
53. Naito E., Yoshida Y., Makino K., et al. Beneficial effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on insulin resistance in diet-induced obesity mice. J Appl Microbiol 2011, 110:650-657.
54. Lee H.Y., Park J.H., Seok S.H., et al. Human originated bacteria, Lactobacillus rhamnosus PL60, produce conjugated linoleic acid and show anti-obesity effects in diet-induced obese mice. Biochim Biophys Acta 2006, 1761:736-744.
55. Kang J.H., Yun S.I., Park H.O. Effects of Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 on body weight and adipose tissue mass in diet-induced overweight rats. J Microbiol 2010, 48:712-714.
56. Million M., Angelakis E., Paul M., et al. Comparative meta-analysis of the effect of Lactobacillus species on weight gain in humans and animals. Microb Pathog 2012, 53(2):100-108.
57. Cani P.D., Neyrinck A.M., Fava F., et al. Selective increases of bifidobacteria in gut microflora improve high-fat-diet-induced diabetes in mice through a mechanism associated with endotoxaemia. Diabetologia 2007, 50:2374-2383.
58. Griffiths E.A., Duffy L.C., Schanbacher F.L., et al. In vivo effects of bifidobacteria and lactoferrin on gut endotoxin concentration and mucosal immunity in Balb/c mice. Dig Dis Sci 2004, 49:579-589.
59. Meyer D., Stasse-Wolthuis M. The bifidogenic effect of inulin and oligofructose and its consequences for gut health. Eur J Clin Nutr 2009, 63(11):1277-1289.
60. Silk D.B., Davis A., Vulevic J., et al. Clinical trial: the effects of a trans-galactooligosaccharide prebiotic on faecal microbiota and symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009, 29(5):508-518.
61. Tuohy K.M., Rouzaud G.C., Bruck W.M., et al. Modulation of the human gut microflora towards improved health using prebiotics-assessment of efficacy. Curr Pharm Des 2005, 11(1):75-90.
62. Cani P.D., Lecourt E., Dewulf E.M., et al. Gut microbiota fermentation of prebiotics increases satietogenic and incretin gut peptide production with consequences for appetite sensation and glucose response after a meal. Am J Clin Nutr 2009, 90(5):1236-1243.
63. Parnell J.A., Reimer R.A. Weight loss during oligofructose supplementation is associated with decreased ghrelin and increased peptide YY in overweight and obese adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2009, 89(6):1751-1759.
64. Cani P.D., Knauf C., Iglesias M.A., et al. Improvement of glucose tolerance and hepatic insulin sensitivity by oligofructose requires a functional glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor. Diabetes 2006, 55:1484-1490.
65. Verhoef S.P., Meyer D., Westerterp K.R. Effects of oligofructose on appetite profile, glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide YY3-36 concentrations and energy intake. Br J Nutr 2011, 106:1757-1762.
66. Everard A., Lazarevic V., Derrien M., et al. Responses of gut microbiota and glucose and lipid metabolism to prebiotics in genetic obese and diet-induced leptin-resistant mice. Diabetes 2011, 60(11):2775-2786.
67. Morrison D.J., Mackay W.G., Edwards C.A., et al. Butyrate production from oligofructose fermentation by the human faecal flora: what is the contribution of extracellular acetate and lactate?. Br J Nutr 2006, 96(3):570.
68. Muccioli G.G., Naslain D., Backhed F., et al. The endocannabinoid system links gut microbiota to adipogenesis. Mol Syst Biol 2010, 6:392.
69. Dewulf E.M., Cani P.D., Nevrinck A.M., et al. Inulin-type fructans with prebiotic properties counteract GPR43 overexpression and PPARγ-related adipogenesis in the white adipose tissue of high-fat diet-fed mice. J Nutr Biochem 2011, 22(8):712-722.