메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 19, 2012, Pages 9275-9302

Parameterization of homogeneous ice nucleation for cloud and climate models based on classical nucleation theory

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE MODELING; CLOUD; ICE; NUCLEATION; PARAMETERIZATION;

EID: 84867616971     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-12-9275-2012     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (8)

References (99)
  • 1
    • 49949102741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of cirrus cloud formation in large-scale models: Homogeneous nucleation
    • doi:10.1029/2007JD009355
    • Barahona, D. and Nenes, A.: Parameterization of cirrus cloud formation in large-scale models: Homogeneous nucleation, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D11211, doi:10.1029/2007JD009355, 2008.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Barahona, D.1    Nenes, A.2
  • 3
    • 0034314359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice formation by sulfate and sulfur acid aerosols under upper-tropospheric conditions
    • Chen Y., DeMott, P. J., Kreidenweis, S. M., Rogers, D. C., and Sherman, E.: Ice formation by sulfate and sulfur acid aerosols under upper-tropospheric conditions, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 3752-3766, 2000.
    • (2000) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.57 , pp. 3752-3766
    • Chen, Y.1    Demott, P.J.2    Kreidenweis, S.M.3    Rogers, D.C.4    Sherman, E.5
  • 4
    • 11544267036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A thermodynamic model of the system H+-NH+ 4-SO2? 4-NO3?-H2O at tropospheric temperatures
    • Clegg, S. I., Brimblecombe, P., and Wexler, A. S.: A thermodynamic model of the system H+-NH+ 4-SO2? 4-NO3?-H2O at tropospheric temperatures, J. Phys. Chem., 102, 2137-2154, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Phys. Chem. , vol.102 , pp. 2137-2154
    • Clegg, S.I.1    Brimblecombe, P.2    Wexler, A.S.3
  • 5
    • 84867594480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of some parameterizations of heterogeneous ice nucleation in cloud and climate models
    • doi:10.5194/acp-12-1151-2012
    • Curry, J. A. and Khvorostyanov, V. I.: Assessment of some parameterizations of heterogeneous ice nucleation in cloud and climate models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1151-1172, doi:10.5194/acp-12-1151-2012, 2012.
    • (2012) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.12 , pp. 1151-1172
    • Curry, J.A.1    Khvorostyanov, V.I.2
  • 7
    • 0010415050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory studies of cirrus cloud processes
    • edited by: Lynch, D., Sassen, K., Starr, D. O'C., and Stephens, G., Oxford University Press, New York
    • DeMott, P. J.: Laboratory studies of cirrus cloud processes, in: "Cirrus", edited by: Lynch, D., Sassen, K., Starr, D. O'C., and Stephens, G., Oxford University Press, New York, 102-135, 2002.
    • (2002) Cirrus , pp. 102-135
    • Demott, P.J.1
  • 8
    • 0028561371 scopus 로고
    • Parameterization and impact of ice initiation processes relevant to numerical model simulation of cirrus clouds
    • DeMott, P. J., Meyers, M. P., and Cotton, W. R.: Parameterization and impact of ice initiation processes relevant to numerical model simulation of cirrus clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 77-90, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.51 , pp. 77-90
    • Demott, P.J.1    Meyers, M.P.2    Cotton, W.R.3
  • 11
    • 80051846056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Representation of Arctic mixed-phase clouds and the Wegener-Bergeron- Findeisen process in climate models: Perspectives from a cloud-resolving study
    • doi:10.1029/2010JD015375
    • Fan, J., Ghan, S., Ovchinnikov, M., Liu, X., Rasch, P. J., and Korolev, A.: Representation of Arctic mixed-phase clouds and the Wegener-Bergeron- Findeisen process in climate models: Perspectives from a cloud-resolving study, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D00T07, doi:10.1029/2010JD015375, 2011.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Fan, J.1    Ghan, S.2    Ovchinnikov, M.3    Liu, X.4    Rasch, P.J.5    Korolev, A.6
  • 12
    • 84879605029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TEOS-10: A new international oceanographic standard for seawater ice, fluid water and humid air
    • doi: 10.1007/s10765-010-0901-y
    • Feistel, R.: TEOS-10: A new international oceanographic standard for seawater, ice, fluid water and humid air, International Journal of Thermophysics, doi:10.1007/s10765-010-0901-y, 2012.
    • International Journal of Thermophysics , pp. 2012
    • Feistel, R.1
  • 13
    • 33748493775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new equation of state for H2O ice Ih
    • doi:10.1063/1.2183324
    • Feistel, R. and Wagner, W.: A new equation of state for H2O ice Ih, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 35, 1021-1047, doi:10.1063/1.2183324, 2006.
    • (2006) J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data , vol.35 , pp. 1021-1047
    • Feistel, R.1    Wagner, W.2
  • 14
    • 4243431410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How aircraft nucleate ice particles: A simple model
    • doi:10.1016/S0021-8502(98)90741-8, 1998a
    • Ford, I. J: How aircraft nucleate ice particles: A simple model, J. Aerosol Sci., 29, S1117, doi:10.1016/S0021-8502(98)90741-8, 1998a.
    • J. Aerosol Sci. , vol.29
    • Ford, I.J.1
  • 19
    • 11844295344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cirrus cloud microphysical and optical properties at southern and northern midlatitudes during the INCA experiment
    • doi:10.1029/2004JD004803
    • Gayet, J.-F., Ovarlez, J., Shcherbakov, V., Str̈om, J., Schumann, U., Minikin, A., Auriol, F., Petzold, A., and Monier, M.: Cirrus cloud microphysical and optical properties at southern and northern midlatitudes during the INCA experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D20206, doi:10.1029/ 2004JD004803, 2004.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109
    • Gayet, J.-F.1    Ovarlez, J.2    Shcherbakov, V.3    Str̈om, J.4    Schumann, U.5    Minikin, A.6    Auriol, F.7    Petzold, A.8    Monier, M.9
  • 20
    • 77957575116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global simulations of ice nucleation and ice supersaturation with an improved cloud scheme in the Community Atmosphere Model
    • doi:10.1029/2009JD013797
    • Gettelman, A., Liu, X., Ghan, S. J., Morrison, H., Park, S., and Conley, A. J.: Global simulations of ice nucleation and ice supersaturation with an improved cloud scheme in the Community Atmosphere Model, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D18216, doi:10.1029/2009JD013797, 2010.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115
    • Gettelman, A.1    Liu, X.2    Ghan, S.J.3    Morrison, H.4    Park, S.5    Conley, A.J.6
  • 23
    • 0346639266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The deposition coefficient and its role for cirrus clouds
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD001558
    • Gierens, K. M., Monier, M., and Gayet, J.-F.: The deposition coefficient and its role for cirrus clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4069, doi:10.1029/2001JD001558, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 4069
    • Gierens, K.M.1    Monier, M.2    Gayet, J.-F.3
  • 24
    • 43149105099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward the mitigation of spurious cloud-edge supersaturation in cloud models
    • doi:10.1175/2007MWR2283.1
    • Grabowski, W. W. and Morrison, H.: Toward the mitigation of spurious cloud-edge supersaturation in cloud models, Mon.Weather Rev., 136, 1224-1234, doi:10.1175/2007MWR2283.1, 2008.
    • (2008) Mon.Weather Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 1224-1234
    • Grabowski, W.W.1    Morrison, H.2
  • 25
    • 0004236421 scopus 로고
    • Table of integrals
    • Fifth Ed., Academic, San Diego, Calif.
    • Gradshteyn, I. S. and Ryzhik, I. M.: Table of Integrals, Series, and Products, Fifth Ed., Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1204 pp., 1994.
    • (1994) Series, and Products , pp. 1204
    • Gradshteyn, I.S.1    Ryzhik, I.M.2
  • 26
    • 66949120427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Freezing thresholds and cirrus cloud formation mechanisms inferred from in situ measurements of relative humidity
    • doi:10.5194/acp-3-1791-2003
    • Haag, W., K̈archer, B., Str̈om, J., Minikin, A., Lohmann, U., Ovarlez, J., and Stohl, A.: Freezing thresholds and cirrus cloud formation mechanisms inferred from in situ measurements of relative humidity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1791-1806, doi:10.5194/acp-3-1791-2003, 2003.
    • (2003) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.3 , pp. 1791-1806
    • Haag, W.1    K̈archer, B.2    Str̈om, J.3    Minikin, A.4    Lohmann, U.5    Ovarlez, J.6    Stohl, A.7
  • 27
    • 84867624704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review on the phenomenology and mechanism of atmospheric ice formation: Selected questions of interest
    • edited by: Schmelzer, J. W. P., R̈opke, G., and Priezzhev, V. B., Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Dubna, ISBN 978-5-9530-0301-8
    • Hellmuth, O., Khvorostyanov, V. I., Curry, J. A., Shchekin, A. K., Schmelzer, J. W. P., and. Baidakov, V. G: Review on the Phenomenology and Mechanism of Atmospheric Ice Formation: Selected Questions of Interest, in: Nucleation Theory and Applications, edited by: Schmelzer, J. W. P., R̈opke, G., and Priezzhev, V. B., Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Dubna, ISBN 978-5-9530-0301-8, 2012a.
    • Nucleation Theory and Applications
    • Hellmuth, O.1    Khvorostyanov, V.I.2    Curry, J.A.3    Shchekin, A.K.4    Schmelzer, J.W.P.5    Baidakov, V.G.6
  • 28
    • 84867585051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theoretical aspects of atmospheric ice formation
    • edited by: Schmelzer, J. W. P., Special Issues. Review Series on Selected Topics of Atmospheric Sol Formation, Vol. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Dubna
    • Hellmuth, O., Khvorostyanov, V. I., Curry, J. A., Shchekin, A. K., Schmelzer, J. W. P., Feistel, R., Djikaev, Y. S., and Baidakov, V. G.: Theoretical Aspects of Atmospheric Ice Formation, in: Nucleation Theory and Applications, edited by: Schmelzer, J. W. P., Special Issues. Review Series on Selected Topics of Atmospheric Sol Formation, Vol. 5, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Dubna, 548 pp., 2012b.
    • (2012) Nucleation Theory and Applications , vol.5 , pp. 548
    • Hellmuth, O.1    Khvorostyanov, V.I.2    Curry, J.A.3    Shchekin, A.K.4    Schmelzer, J.W.P.5    Feistel, R.6    Djikaev, Y.S.7    Baidakov, V.G.8
  • 29
    • 0027879614 scopus 로고
    • Homogeneous ice nucleation and supercooled liquid water in orographic wave clouds
    • Heymsfield, A. J. and Miloshevich, L. M.: Homogeneous ice nucleation and supercooled liquid water in orographic wave clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2335-2353, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 2335-2353
    • Heymsfield, A.J.1    Miloshevich, L.M.2
  • 30
    • 0029435381 scopus 로고
    • Relative humidity and temperature influences on cirrus formation and evolution: Observations from wave clouds and FIRE II
    • Heymsfield, A. J. and Miloshevich, L. M.: Relative humidity and temperature influences on cirrus formation and evolution: Observations from wave clouds and FIRE II, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 4302-4326, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 4302-4326
    • Heymsfield, A.J.1    Miloshevich, L.M.2
  • 32
    • 84858256369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermodynamics of supercooled water
    • doi:10.1063/1.3690497
    • Holten, V., Bertrand, C. E., Anisimov, M. A., and Sengers, J. V.: Thermodynamics of supercooled water, J. Chem. Phys., 136, 094507, doi:10.1063/1.3690497, 2012.
    • (2012) J. Chem. Phys. , vol.136 , pp. 094507
    • Holten, V.1    Bertrand, C.E.2    Anisimov, M.A.3    Sengers, J.V.4
  • 33
    • 84867598423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IAPWS Tech. rep., The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam, Boulder, Colorado, USA, September/October 2012
    • IAPWS: Guideline on a Low-Temperature Extension of the IAPWS-95 Formulation forWater Vapor, Tech. rep., The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam, Boulder, Colorado, USA, September/October 2012, 2012.
    • (2012) Guideline on A Low-Temperature Extension of the IAPWS-95 Formulation ForWater Vapor
  • 35
    • 76449103105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The international thermodynamic equation of seawater-2010: Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties
    • IOC, SCOR and IAPSO written by: McDougall,T. J., Feistel, R., Wright, D. G., Pawlowicz, R., Millero, F. J., Jackett, D. R., King, B. A., Marion, G. M., Seitz, S., Spitzer, P., and Chen, C. T. A., Tech. rep. UNESCO (English) 196 Paris 2010
    • IOC, SCOR and IAPSO: The International Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater-2010: Calculation and Use of Thermodynamic Properties, written by: McDougall,T. J., Feistel, R., Wright, D. G., Pawlowicz, R., Millero, F. J., Jackett, D. R., King, B. A., Marion, G. M., Seitz, S., Spitzer, P., and Chen, C. T. A., Tech. rep., Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Manuals and Guides No. 56, UNESCO (English), 196 pp., Paris 2010, http://www.teos-10.org, 2010.
    • (2010) Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Manuals and Guides No. 56
  • 36
    • 0343547742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homogeneous nucleation of supercooled water: Results from a new equation of state
    • Jeffery, C. A. and Austin, P. H.: Homogeneous nucleation of supercooled water: results from a new equation of state, J. Ceophys. Res., 102, 25269-25279, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Ceophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 25269-25279
    • Jeffery, C.A.1    Austin, P.H.2
  • 37
    • 0028589651 scopus 로고
    • Microphysical modeling of cirrus 1. Comparison with 1986 FIRE IFO measurements
    • Jensen, E. J., Toon, O. B., Westphal, D. L., Kinne, S., and Heymsfield, A. J.: Microphysical modeling of cirrus, 1. Comparison with 1986 FIRE IFO measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 10421-10442, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 10421-10442
    • Jensen, E.J.1    Toon, O.B.2    Westphal, D.L.3    Kinne, S.4    Heymsfield, A.J.5
  • 38
    • 33847088093 scopus 로고
    • Homogeneous nucleation and glass formation in aqueous alkali halide solutions at high pressures
    • Kanno, H. and Angell, C. A.: Homogeneous nucleation and glass formation in aqueous alkali halide solutions at high pressures, J. Phys. Chem., 81, 2639-2643, 1977.
    • (1977) J. Phys. Chem. , vol.81 , pp. 2639-2643
    • Kanno, H.1    Angell, C.A.2
  • 39
    • 85086352246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A parameterization of cirrus cloud formation: Homogeneous freezing of supercooled aerosols
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD000470, 2002a. K̈archer, B. and Lohmann, U.: A Parameterization of cirrus cloud formation: Homogeneous freezing including effects of aerosol size, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4698 doi:10.1029/2001JD001429, 2002b
    • K̈archer, B. and Lohmann, U.: A parameterization of cirrus cloud formation: Homogeneous freezing of supercooled aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4010, doi:10.1029/2001JD000470, 2002a. K̈archer, B. and Lohmann, U.: A Parameterization of cirrus cloud formation: Homogeneous freezing including effects of aerosol size, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4698, doi:10.1029/2001JD001429, 2002b.
    • J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , pp. 4010
    • K̈archer, B.1    Lohmann, U.2
  • 41
    • 12144277893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of effects of atmospheric aerosols on deep turbulent convective clouds using a spectral microphysics mixed-phase cumulus cloud model. Part I: Model description and possible applications
    • Khain, A. P., Pokrovsky, A., Pinsky, M., Seifert, A., and Phillips, V.: Simulation of effects of atmospheric aerosols on deep turbulent convective clouds using a spectral microphysics mixed-phase cumulus cloud model. Part I: Model description and possible applications, J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2963-2982, 2004.
    • (2004) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.61 , pp. 2963-2982
    • Khain, A.P.1    Pokrovsky, A.2    Pinsky, M.3    Seifert, A.4    Phillips, V.5
  • 42
    • 1342283059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud resolving modeling of the ARM summer 1997 IOP: Model formulation results, uncertainties, and sensitivities
    • Khairoutdinov, M. F. and Randall, D.: Cloud resolving modeling of the ARM summer 1997 IOP: Model formulation, results, uncertainties, and sensitivities, J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 607-625, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.60 , pp. 607-625
    • Khairoutdinov, M.F.1    Randall, D.2
  • 43
    • 0034670986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new theory of heterogeneous ice nucleation for application in cloud and climate models
    • Khvorostyanov, V. I. and Curry, J. A.: A new theory of heterogeneous ice nucleation for application in cloud and climate models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 4081-4084, 2000.
    • (2000) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.27 , pp. 4081-4084
    • Khvorostyanov, V.I.1    Curry, J.A.2
  • 44
    • 10944228909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermodynamic theory of freezing and melting of water and aqueous solutions
    • Khvorostyanov, V. I. and Curry, J. A.: Thermodynamic theory of freezing and melting of water and aqueous solutions, J. Phys. Chem. A, 108, 11073-11085, 2004a.
    • (2004) J. Phys. Chem. A , vol.108 , pp. 11073-11085
    • Khvorostyanov, V.I.1    Curry, J.A.2
  • 45
    • 11144298107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The theory of ice nucleation by heterogeneous freezing of deliquescent mixed CCN. Part 1: Critical radius energy and nucleation rate
    • Khvorostyanov, V. I. and Curry, J. A.: The theory of ice nucleation by heterogeneous freezing of deliquescent mixed CCN. Part 1: Critical radius, energy and nucleation rate, J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2676-2691, 2004b.
    • (2004) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.61 , pp. 2676-2691
    • Khvorostyanov, V.I.1    Curry, J.A.2
  • 46
    • 11144268650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The theory of ice nucleation by heterogeneous freezing of deliquescent mixed CCN. Part 2: Parcel model simulation
    • Khvorostyanov, V. I. and Curry, J. A.: The theory of ice nucleation by heterogeneous freezing of deliquescent mixed CCN. Part 2: Parcel model simulation, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 261-285 2005.
    • (2005) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.62 , pp. 261-285
    • Khvorostyanov, V.I.1    Curry, J.A.2
  • 47
    • 56849110340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of cloud drop formation and its parameterization for cloud and climate models
    • Khvorostyanov, V. I. and Curry, J. A.: Kinetics of cloud drop formation and its parameterization for cloud and climate models, J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 2784-2802, 2008.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.65 , pp. 2784-2802
    • Khvorostyanov, V.I.1    Curry, J.A.2
  • 48
    • 66249130991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical humidities of homogeneous and heterogeneous ice nucleation: Inferences from extended classical nucleation theory
    • doi:10.1029/2008JD011197, 2009a
    • Khvorostyanov, V. I. and Curry, J. A.: Critical humidities of homogeneous and heterogeneous ice nucleation: inferences from extended classical nucleation theory, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D04207, doi:10.1029/2008JD011197, 2009a.
    • J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Khvorostyanov, V.I.1    Curry, J.A.2
  • 49
    • 69949183944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of cloud drop activation based on analytical asymptotic solutions to the supersaturation equation
    • Khvorostyanov, V. I. and Curry, J. A.: Parameterization of cloud drop activation based on analytical asymptotic solutions to the supersaturation equation, J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 1905-1925, 2009b.
    • (2009) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 1905-1925
    • Khvorostyanov, V.I.1    Curry, J.A.2
  • 50
    • 0032529765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards the theory of homogeneous nucleation and its parameterization for cloud models
    • Khvorostyanov, V. I. and Sassen, K.: Towards the theory of homogeneous nucleation and its parameterization for cloud models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3155-3158, 1998a.
    • (1998) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.25 , pp. 3155-3158
    • Khvorostyanov, V.I.1    Sassen, K.2
  • 51
    • 0031666537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cirrus cloud simulation using explicit microphysics and radiation. Part i
    • Khvorostyanov, V. I. and Sassen, K.: Cirrus cloud simulation using explicit microphysics and radiation. Part I, Model description, J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 1808-1821, 1998b.
    • (1998) Model Description, J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 1808-1821
    • Khvorostyanov, V.I.1    Sassen, K.2
  • 52
    • 0005895264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microphysical processes in cirrus and their impact on radiation: A mesoscale modeling perspective
    • edited by: Lynch, D., Sassen, K., Starr, D. O'C., and Stephens, G., Oxford University Press, New York
    • Khvorostyanov, V. I. and Sassen, K.: Microphysical processes in cirrus and their impact on radiation: A mesoscale modeling perspective, in: Cirrus, edited by: Lynch, D., Sassen, K., Starr, D. O'C., and Stephens, G., Oxford University Press, New York, 397-432, 2002.
    • (2002) Cirrus , pp. 397-432
    • Khvorostyanov, V.I.1    Sassen, K.2
  • 53
    • 0034863730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling with explicit spectral water and ice microphysics of a two-layer cloud system of altostratus and cirrus observed during the FIRE Arctic Clouds Experiment
    • Khvorostyanov, V. I., Curry, J. A., Pinto, J. O., Shupe, M., Baker, B., and Sassen, K.: Modeling with explicit spectral water and ice microphysics of a two-layer cloud system of altostratus and cirrus observed during the FIRE Arctic Clouds Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 15099-15112, 2001.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 15099-15112
    • Khvorostyanov, V.I.1    Curry, J.A.2    Pinto, J.O.3    Shupe, M.4    Baker, B.5    Sassen, K.6
  • 54
    • 0347269181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A springtime mixed-phase cloud over the Beaufort Sea polynya: Three-dimensional simulation with explicit spectral microphysics and comparison with observations
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD001489
    • Khvorostyanov, V. I., Curry, J. A., Gultepe, I., and Strawbridge, K.: A springtime mixed-phase cloud over the Beaufort Sea polynya: Three-dimensional simulation with explicit spectral microphysics and comparison with observations, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4296, doi:10.1029/2001JD001489, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 4296
    • Khvorostyanov, V.I.1    Curry, J.A.2    Gultepe, I.3    Strawbridge, K.4
  • 55
    • 33644963962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High supersaturation and modes of ice nucleation in thin tropopause cirrus: Simulation of the 13 July 2002 Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers case
    • doi:10.1029/2004JD005235
    • Khvorostyanov, V. I., Morrison, H., Curry, J. A., Baumgardner, D., and Lawson, P.: High supersaturation and modes of ice nucleation in thin tropopause cirrus: Simulation of the 13 July 2002 Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers case, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D02201, doi:10.1029/2004JD005235, 2006.
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.111
    • Khvorostyanov, V.I.1    Morrison, H.2    Curry, J.A.3    Baumgardner, D.4    Lawson, P.5
  • 57
    • 15544368017 scopus 로고
    • The nucleus in and the growth of hygroscopic droplets
    • K̈ohler, H.: The nucleus in and the growth of hygroscopic droplets, Trans. Farad. Soc., 32, 1152-1161, 1936.
    • (1936) Trans. Farad. Soc. , vol.32 , pp. 1152-1161
    • K̈ohler, H.1
  • 58
    • 70450250117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameterizations for ice nucleation in biological and atmospheric systems
    • Koop, T. and Zobrist, B.: Parameterizations for ice nucleation in biological and atmospheric systems, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11, 10839-10850, 2009.
    • (2009) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. , vol.11 , pp. 10839-10850
    • Koop, T.1    Zobrist, B.2
  • 59
    • 0000665567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new optical technique to study aerosol phase transitions: The nucleation of ice from H2SO4 aerosols
    • Koop, T., Ng, H. P., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: A new optical technique to study aerosol phase transitions: The nucleation of ice from H2SO4 aerosols, J. Phys. Chem. A, 102, 8924-8931, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Phys. Chem. A , vol.102 , pp. 8924-8931
    • Koop, T.1    Ng, H.P.2    Molina, L.T.3    Molina, M.J.4
  • 60
    • 0034632905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water activity as the determinant for homogeneous ice nucleation in aqueous solutions
    • Koop, T., Luo, B. P., Tsias, A., and Peter, T.: Water activity as the determinant for homogeneous ice nucleation in aqueous solutions, Nature, 406, 611-614, 2000.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.406 , pp. 611-614
    • Koop, T.1    Luo, B.P.2    Tsias, A.3    Peter, T.4
  • 61
    • 0031667967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A theoretical study of the microphysical structure of mixed stratiform frontal clouds and their precipitation
    • Krakovskaia, S. V. and Pirnach, A. M.: A theoretical study of the microphysical structure of mixed stratiform frontal clouds and their precipitation, Atmos. Res., 47-48, 491-503, 2004.
    • (2004) Atmos. Res. , vol.47-48 , pp. 491-503
    • Krakovskaia, S.V.1    Pirnach, A.M.2
  • 62
    • 0000848866 scopus 로고
    • Nucleation: Measurements theory and atmospheric applications
    • Laaksonen, A., Talanquer, V., and Oxtoby, D.W.: Nucleation: Measurements, theory and atmospheric applications, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., 46, 489-524, 1995.
    • (1995) Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. , vol.46 , pp. 489-524
    • Laaksonen, A.1    Talanquer, V.2    Oxtoby, D.W.3
  • 63
    • 0004053733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A numerical study of the evolution of nocturnal cirrus by a two-dimensional model with explicit microphysics. PhD thesis
    • Lin, R.-F.: A numerical study of the evolution of nocturnal cirrus by a two-dimensional model with explicit microphysics. PhD thesis, The Pennsylvania State University, 199 pp., 1997.
    • (1997) The Pennsylvania State University , pp. 199
    • Lin, R.-F.1
  • 64
    • 0036693820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cirrus parcel model comparison project. Phase 1: The critical components to simulate cirrus initiation explicitly
    • Lin, R.-F., Starr, D., DeMott, P. J., Cotton, R., Sassen, K., Jensen, E., K̈archer, B., and Liu, X.: Cirrus parcel model comparison project. Phase 1: The critical components to simulate cirrus initiation explicitly, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2305-2329, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.59 , pp. 2305-2329
    • Lin, R.-F.1    Starr, D.2    Demott, P.J.3    Cotton, R.4    Sassen, K.5    Jensen, E.6    K̈archer, B.7    Liu, X.8
  • 65
    • 33646032754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice nucleation parameterization for global models
    • Liu, X. H. and Penner, J. E.: Ice nucleation parameterization for global models, Meteorol. Z., 14, 499-514, 2005.
    • (2005) Meteorol. Z. , vol.14 , pp. 499-514
    • Liu, X.H.1    Penner, J.E.2
  • 66
    • 34547357146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First interactive simulations of cirrus clouds formed by homogeneous freezing in the ECHAM general circulation model
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD000767
    • Lohmann, U. and K̈archer, B.: First interactive simulations of cirrus clouds formed by homogeneous freezing in the ECHAM general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4105, doi:10.1029/2001JD000767, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , pp. 4105
    • Lohmann, U.1    K̈archer, B.2
  • 67
    • 84856407337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of ice crystallized from supercooled water
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.1113059109
    • Malkin, T. L., Murray, B. J., Brukhno, A. V., Anwar, J., and Salzmann, C. G.: Structure of ice crystallized from supercooled water, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 109, 1041-1045, doi:10.1073/pnas.1113059109, 2012.
    • (2012) P. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.109 , pp. 1041-1045
    • Malkin, T.L.1    Murray, B.J.2    Brukhno, A.V.3    Anwar, J.4    Salzmann, C.G.5
  • 68
    • 0034275014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase transitions of aqueous atmospheric particles
    • Martin, S. T.: Phase transitions of aqueous atmospheric particles, Chem. Rev., 100, 3403-3453, 2000.
    • (2000) Chem. Rev. , vol.100 , pp. 3403-3453
    • Martin, S.T.1
  • 70
    • 0027038878 scopus 로고
    • New primary icenucleation parameterizations in an explicit cloud model
    • Meyers, M. P., DeMott, P. J., and Cotton, W. R.: New primary icenucleation parameterizations in an explicit cloud model, J. Appl. Meteor., 31, 708-721, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.31 , pp. 708-721
    • Meyers, M.P.1    Demott, P.J.2    Cotton, W.R.3
  • 72
    • 33645095920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a detailed microphysics cirrus model tracking aerosol particle's histories for interpretation of the recent INCA campaign
    • Monier, M., Wobrock, W., Gayet, J.-F., and Flossmann, A.: Development of a detailed microphysics cirrus model tracking aerosol particle's histories for interpretation of the recent INCA campaign, J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 504-525, 2006.
    • (2006) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.63 , pp. 504-525
    • Monier, M.1    Wobrock, W.2    Gayet, J.-F.3    Flossmann, A.4
  • 73
    • 52949143833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new two-moment bulk stratiform cloud microphysics scheme in the community atmosphere model version 3(CAM3). Part I: Description and numerical tests
    • doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2105.1
    • Morrison, H. and Gettelman, A.: A new two-moment bulk stratiform cloud microphysics scheme in the community atmosphere model, version 3(CAM3). Part I: Description and numerical tests, J. Clim., 21, 3642-3659, doi:10.1175/ 2008JCLI2105.1, 2008.
    • (2008) J. Clim. , vol.21 , pp. 3642-3659
    • Morrison, H.1    Gettelman, A.2
  • 74
    • 27744479003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new doublemoment microphysics parameterization for application in cloud and climate models Part 1: Description
    • Morrison, H., Curry, J. A., and Khvorostyanov, V. I.: A new doublemoment microphysics parameterization for application in cloud and climate models, Part 1: Description, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 3683-3704, 2005.
    • (2005) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.62 , pp. 3683-3704
    • Morrison, H.1    Curry, J.A.2    Khvorostyanov, V.I.3
  • 75
    • 33645452251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation and stability of cubic ice in water droplets
    • Murray, B. J. and Bertram, A. K.: Formation and stability of cubic ice in water droplets, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 8, 186-192, 2006.
    • (2006) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. , vol.8 , pp. 186-192
    • Murray, B.J.1    Bertram, A.K.2
  • 76
    • 15244352511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The formation of cubic ice under conditions relevant to Earth's atmosphere
    • Murray, B. J., Knopf, D. A., and Bertram, A. K.: The formation of cubic ice under conditions relevant to Earth's atmosphere, Nature, 434, 202-205, 2005.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.434 , pp. 202-205
    • Murray, B.J.1    Knopf, D.A.2    Bertram, A.K.3
  • 78
    • 0037104957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water vapour measurements inside cirrus clouds in Northern and Southern hemispheres during INCA
    • doi:10.1029/2001GL014440
    • Ovarlez, J., Gayet, J.-F., Gierens, K., Str̈om, J., Ovarlez, H., Auriol, F., Busen, R., and Schumann, U.: Water vapour measurements inside cirrus clouds in Northern and Southern hemispheres during INCA, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1813, doi:10.1029/2001GL014440, 2002.
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.29 , pp. 1813
    • Ovarlez, J.1    Gayet, J.-F.2    Gierens, K.3    Str̈om, J.4    Ovarlez, H.5    Auriol, F.6    Busen, R.7    Schumann, U.8
  • 81
    • 0002440568 scopus 로고
    • Thermodynamic and nucleation phenomena: A set of experimental observations
    • Rasmussen, D. H.: Thermodynamic and nucleation phenomena: A set of experimental observations, J. Cryst. Growth, 56, 56-66, 1982.
    • (1982) J. Cryst. Growth , vol.56 , pp. 56-66
    • Rasmussen, D.H.1
  • 82
    • 27644487930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cirrus parameterisation and the role of ice nuclei
    • Ren, C. and MacKenzie, A. R.: Cirrus parameterisation and the role of ice nuclei, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 131, 1585-1605, 2005.
    • (2005) Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.131 , pp. 1585-1605
    • Ren, C.1    MacKenzie, A.R.2
  • 83
    • 38749127988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Closed-form approximations to the error and complementary error functions and their applications in atmospheric science
    • doi:10.1002/asl.154
    • Ren, C. and MacKenzie, A. R.: Closed-form approximations to the error and complementary error functions and their applications in atmospheric science, Atmos. Sci. Lett., 8, 70-73, doi:10.1002/asl.154, 2007.
    • (2007) Atmos. Sci. Lett. , vol.8 , pp. 70-73
    • Ren, C.1    MacKenzie, A.R.2
  • 84
    • 0034353444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice nucleation in cirrus clouds: A model study of the homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation modes
    • Sassen, K. and Benson, S.: Ice nucleation in cirrus clouds: A model study of the homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation modes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 521-524, 2000.
    • (2000) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.27 , pp. 521-524
    • Sassen, K.1    Benson, S.2
  • 85
    • 0024193480 scopus 로고
    • Homogeneous nucleation rate for highly supercooled cirrus cloud droplets
    • Sassen, K. and Dodd, G. C.: Homogeneous nucleation rate for highly supercooled cirrus cloud droplets, J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1357-1369, 1988.
    • (1988) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.45 , pp. 1357-1369
    • Sassen, K.1    Dodd, G.C.2
  • 86
    • 0024932465 scopus 로고
    • Haze particle nucleation simulation in cirrus clouds and application for numerical and lidar studies
    • Sassen, K. and Dodd, G. C.: Haze particle nucleation simulation in cirrus clouds, and application for numerical and lidar studies, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3005-3014, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 3005-3014
    • Sassen, K.1    Dodd, G.C.2
  • 87
    • 0036601736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cirrus cloud ice water content radar algorithm evaluation using an explicit cloud microphysical model
    • Sassen, K., Wang, Z., Khvorostyanov, V. I., Stephens, G. L., and Bennedetti, A.: Cirrus cloud ice water content radar algorithm evaluation using an explicit cloud microphysical model, J. Appl. Meteorol., 41, 620-628, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.41 , pp. 620-628
    • Sassen, K.1    Wang, Z.2    Khvorostyanov, V.I.3    Stephens, G.L.4    Bennedetti, A.5
  • 89
    • 33244472609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A two-moment cloud microphysics parameterization for mixed-phase clouds. Part 1: Model description
    • doi:10.1007/s00703-005-0112-4
    • Seifert, A. and Beheng, K. D.: A two-moment cloud microphysics parameterization for mixed-phase clouds. Part 1: Model description, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 92, 45-66, doi:10.1007/s00703-005-0112-4, 2006.
    • (2006) Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. , vol.92 , pp. 45-66
    • Seifert, A.1    Beheng, K.D.2
  • 91
    • 0003228040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of nucleation-growth processes: The first stages
    • edited by: Schmelzer, J.W. P., R̈opke, G., and Priezzhev, V. B. JINR, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Dubna, ISBN 5-85165-539-9
    • Slezov, V. V. and Schmelzer, J.W. P.: Kinetics of nucleation-growth processes: the first stages, in: Nucleation Theory and Applications, edited by: Schmelzer, J.W. P., R̈opke, G., and Priezzhev, V. B., 6-81, JINR, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Dubna, ISBN 5-85165-539-9, http://theor.jinr.ru/meetings/2012/nta/, 1999.
    • (1999) Nucleation Theory and Applications , vol.681
    • Slezov, V.V.1    Schmelzer, J.W.P.2
  • 92
    • 0032716720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary ice nucleation in orographic cirrus cloud: A numerical simulation of the microphysics
    • Spice, A., Johnson, D. W., Brown, P. R. A., Darlison, A. G., and Saunders, C. P. R.: Primary ice nucleation in orographic cirrus cloud: A numerical simulation of the microphysics, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 125, 1637-1667, 1999.
    • (1999) Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.125 , pp. 1637-1667
    • Spice, A.1    Johnson, D.W.2    Brown, P.R.A.3    Darlison, A.G.4    Saunders, C.P.R.5
  • 94
    • 70749089251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of boreal-summer circulation and precipitation to atmospheric aerosols in selected regions-Part 1: Africa and India
    • doi:10.5194/angeo-27-3989-2009
    • Sud, Y. C., Wilcox, E., Lau, W. K.-M., Walker, G. K., Liu, X.-H., Nenes, A., Lee, D., Kim, K.-M., Zhou, Y., and Bhattacharjee, P. S.: Sensitivity of boreal-summer circulation and precipitation to atmospheric aerosols in selected regions-Part 1: Africa and India, Ann. Geophys., 27, 3989-4007, doi:10.5194/angeo-27-3989-2009, 2009.
    • (2009) Ann. Geophys. , vol.27 , pp. 3989-4007
    • Sud, Y.C.1    Wilcox, E.2    Lau, W.K.-M.3    Walker, G.K.4    Liu, X.-H.5    Nenes, A.6    Lee, D.7    Kim, K.-M.8    Zhou, Y.9    Bhattacharjee, P.S.10
  • 95
    • 84859813952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of aerosols on convective clouds and precipitation
    • doi:10.1029/2011RG000369
    • Tao, W.-K., Chen, J.-P., Li, Z., Wang, C., and Zhang, C.: Impact of aerosols on convective clouds and precipitation, Rev. Geophys., 50, RG2001, doi:10.1029/2011RG000369, 2012.
    • (2012) Rev. Geophys. , vol.50
    • Tao, W.-K.1    Chen, J.-P.2    Li, Z.3    Wang, C.4    Zhang, C.5
  • 96
    • 0001586137 scopus 로고
    • The nuclei of natural cloud formation. Part II: The supersaturation in natural clouds and the variation of cloud droplet concentration
    • Twomey, S.: The nuclei of natural cloud formation. Part II: The supersaturation in natural clouds and the variation of cloud droplet concentration, Pure Appl. Geophys., 43, 243-249, 1959.
    • (1959) Pure Appl. Geophys. , vol.43 , pp. 243-249
    • Twomey, S.1
  • 97
    • 79951798736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shortrange forecast of heavy precipitation and strong wind using the convection-allowing WRF models
    • Veltishchev, N. F., Zhupanov, V. D., and Pavlyukov, Yu. B.: Shortrange forecast of heavy precipitation and strong wind using the convection-allowing WRF models, Russian Meteorol. Hydrol., 36, 47-58, 2011.
    • (2011) Russian Meteorol. Hydrol. , vol.36 , pp. 47-58
    • Veltishchev, N.F.1    Zhupanov, V.D.2    Pavlyukov Yu., B.3
  • 98
    • 77956335632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of aerosol solubility and regeneration on warm-phase orographic clouds and precipitation simulated by a detailed bin microphysical scheme
    • Xue, L., Teller, A., Rasmussen, R., Geresdi, I., Pan, Z.: Effects of aerosol solubility and regeneration on warm-phase orographic clouds and precipitation simulated by a detailed bin microphysical scheme, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 3336-3354, 2010.
    • (2010) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.67 , pp. 3336-3354
    • Xue, L.1    Teller, A.2    Rasmussen, R.3    Geresdi, I.4    Pan, Z.5
  • 99
    • 84867584366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of dust aerosols on Hurricane Helene's early development through the deliquescent heterogeneous freezing mode
    • doi:10.5194/acpd-11-14339-2011
    • Zhang, H., Sokolik, I. N., and Curry, J. A.: Impact of dust aerosols on Hurricane Helene's early development through the deliquescent heterogeneous freezing mode, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 11, 14339-14381, doi:10.5194/acpd-11-14339-2011, 2011.
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. , vol.11 , pp. 14339-14381
    • Zhang, H.1    Sokolik, I.N.2    Curry, J.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.