Effects of perspective and belief on analytic reasoning in a scientific reasoning task

Thinking and Reasoning

Volumn 18, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 441-460

  Beatty, Erin L ^a   Thompson, Valerie A ^b  

^a LANCASTER UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

Author keywords

Analytic thinking; Dual process theory; Individual differences; Perspective; Prior beliefs and reasoning; Scientific reasoning

Indexed keywords

EID: 84867516890     PISSN: 13546783     EISSN: 14640708     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2012.687892     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Baron, J. 1995. Myside bias in thinking about abortion. Thinking & Reasoning, 1: 221-235.
2. Edwards, K. and Smith, E. E. 1996. A disconfirmation bias in the evaluation of arguments. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 71: 5-24.
3. Evans, J. St. B. T. 2007. On the resolution of conflict in dual-process theories of reasoning. Thinking & Reasoning, 13: 321-329.
4. Evans, J. St. B. T. 2009. "How many dual process theories do we need; One, two or many?". In In two minds: Dual processes and beyond, Edited by: Evans, J. and Frankish, K. 33-54. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
5. Evans, J. St. B. T., Barston, J. L. and Pollard, P. 1983. On the conflict between logic and belief in syllogistic reasoning. Memory & Cognition, 11: 295-306.
6. Evans, J. St. B. T. and Curtis-Holmes, J. 2005. Rapid responding increases belief bias: Evidence for the dual-process theory of reasoning. Thinking & Reasoning, 11: 382-389.
7. Evans, J. St. B. T., Handley, S. J., Neilens, H. and Over, D. E. 2010. The influence of cognitive ability and instructional set on causal conditional inference. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63: 892-909.
8. Evans, J. St. B. T., Newstead, S. E., Allen, A. L. and Pollard, P. 1994. Debiasing by instruction: The case of belief bias. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 6: 263-285.
9. Evans, J. St. B. T. and Over, D. E. 2004. If, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
10. Eyal, T., Liberman, N. and Trope, Y. 2008. Judging near and distant virtue and vice. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44: 1204-1209.
11. Frederick, S. 2005. Cognitive reflection and decision making. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19: 25-42.
12. Greenhoot, A. F., Semb, G., Colombo, J. and Schreiber, T. 2004. Prior beliefs and methodological concepts in scientific reasoning. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 18: 203-221.
13. Hahn, U. and Oaksford, M. 2007. The rationality of informal argumentation: A Bayesian approach to reasoning fallacies. Psychological Review, 114: 704-732.
14. Koehler, J. J. 1993. The influence of prior beliefs on scientific judgements of evidence quality. Organizational Behaviour & Human Decision Processes, 56: 28-55.
15. Markovits, H., Venet, M., Janveau-Brennan, G., Malfait, N., Pion, N. and Vadeboncoeur, I. 1996. Reasoning in young children: Fantasy and information retrieval. Child Development, 67: 2857-2872.
16. Newstead, S. E., Pollard, P., Evans, J. St. B. T. and Allen, J. L. 1992. The source of belief bias in syllogistic reasoning. Cognition, 78: 257-284.
17. Sá, W. C., West, R. F. and Stanovich, K. E. 1999. The domain specificity and generality of belief bias: Searching for a generalisable critical thinking skill. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91: 497-510.
18. Stanovich, K. E. 1999. "Who is rational? Studies of individual differences in reasoning". Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
19. Stanovich, K. E. 2009. "Distinguishing the reflective, algorithmic, and autonomous minds: Is it time for a tri-process theory?". In In two minds: Dual processes and beyond, Edited by: Evans, J. and Frankish, K. 55-88. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
20. Stanovich, K. E. and West, R. F. 1997. Reasoning independently of prior belief and individual differences in actively open-minded thinking. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89: 342-357.
21. Stanovich, K. E. and West, R. F. 2007. Natural myside bias is independent of cognitive ability. Thinking & Reasoning, 13: 225-247.
22. Stanovich, K. E. and West, R. F. 2008. On the relative independence of thinking biases and cognitive ability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94: 672-695.
23. Stevenson, R. J. and Over, D. E. 2001. Reasoning from uncertain premises: Effects of expertise and conversational context. Thinking & Reasoning, 7: 367-390.
24. Thompson, V. A. 1996. Reasoning from false premises: The role of soundness in making logical deductions. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 50: 315-319.
25. Thompson, V. A. and Evans, J. St. B. T. 2012. Belief bias in informal reasoning. Thinking & Reasoning, 18: 278-310.
26. Thompson, V. A., Evans, J. St. B. T. and Handley, S. J. 2005. Persuading and dissuading by conditional argument. Journal of Memory and Language, 53: 238-257.
27. Toplak, M. E., West, R. F. and Stanovich, K. E. 2011. The Cognitive Reflection Test as a predictor of performance on heuristics-and-biases tasks. Memory and Cognition, 39: 1275-1289.
28. Trope, Y. and Liberman, N. 2010. Construal-level theory of psychological distance. Psychological Review, 117: 440-463.
29. West, R. F., Toplak, M. E. and Stanovich, K. E. 2008. Heuristics and biases as measures of critical thinking: Associations with cognitive ability and thinking dispositions. Journal of Educational Psychology, 100: 930-941.