The production of Roman glass with western Mediterranean sand raw materials: Preliminary results

Glass Technology: European Journal of Glass Science and Technology Part A

Volumn 53, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 129-138

  Brems, Dieter ^a   Degryse, Patrick ^a   Ganio, Monica ^a   Boyen, Sara ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BATCH RECIPE; BEACH SAND; GLASS PRODUCTION; NATURAL HISTORY; WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN;

GLASS INDUSTRY; SAND;

GLASS;

EID: 84867359407     PISSN: 00171050     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (41)

1. Brill, R. H. Scientific investigations of the Jalame glass and related finds. Excavations at Jalame. Site of glass factory in Late Roman Palestine. Ed. G. D. Weinberg, Missouri Press, Columbia, 1988, 257-94.
2. Brill, R. H. Chemical Analyses of Early Glasses. Corning Museum of Glass, Corning, New York, 1999, pp. 335.
3. Shortland, A. J. Evaporites of the Wadi Natrun: seasonal and annual variation and its implication for ancient exploitation. Archaeometry, 2004, 46, 497-516. (Pubitemid 39622413)
4. Shortland, A. J., Schachner, L., Freestone, I. C. & Tite, M. Natron as a flux in the early vitreous materials industry: sources, beginnings and reasons for decline. J. Archaeol. Sci., 2006, 33, 521-30. (Pubitemid 43174849)
5. Dotsika, E., Poutoukis, D., Tzavidopoulos, I., Maniatis, Y., Ignatiadou, D. & Raco, B. A natron source at Pikrolimni Lake in Greece? Geochemical evidence. J. Geochem. Explor., 2009, 103, 133-43.
6. Freestone, I. C. Glass production in Late Antiquity and the Early Islamic period: a geochemical perspective. In Geomaterials in Cultural Heritage. Eds M. Maggetti & B. Messiga, Geological Society of London, Special Publications, 2006, 257, 201-16.
7. Turner, W. E. S. Studies of ancient glass and glassmaking processes. Part V: Raw materials and melting processes. J. Soc. Glass Technol., 1956, 40, 276-99.
8. Vallotto, M. & Verità, M. Glasses from Pompeii and Herculaneum and the sands of the Rivers Belus and Volturno. In Homo Faber: Studies on Nature, Technology and Science at the Time of Pompeii. Eds J. Renn & G. Castagnetti. Presented at a Conference at the Deutsches Museum Munich, 21-22 March 2000. L'Erma di Bretschneider, Rome, 2002, 63-73.
9. Silvestri, A., Molin, G., Salviulo, G. & Schievenin, R. Sand for Roman glass production: an experimental and philological study on source of supply. Archaeometry, 2006, 48, 415-32. (Pubitemid 44130393)
10. Brems, D., Degryse, P., Hasendoncks, F., Gimeno, D., Silvestri, A., Vassilieva, E., Luypaers, S. & Honings, J. Western Mediterranean sand deposits as a raw material for Roman glass production. J. Archaeol. Sci., 2012, 39, 2897-2907.
11. Bostock, J. & Riley, H. T. The Natural History of Pliny. Vol. VI. Henry G. Bohn, York Street, Covent Garden, London, 1857, 379-81.
12. Degryse, P. & Schneider, J. Pliny the Elder and Sr-Nd isotopes: tracing the provenance of raw materials for Roman glass production. J. Archaeol. Sci., 2008, 35, 1993-2000.
13. Brems, D., Boyen, S., Ganio, M., Degryse, P. & Walton, M. Mediterranean sand deposits as a raw material for glass production in Antiquity. Ann. 18th Congr. l'Assoc. Int. l'Histoire du Verre, Thessaloniki. In press.
14. Nenna, M. D., Picon, M., Thirion-Merle, V. & Vichy, M. Ateliers primaires du Wadi Natrun: nouvelles découvertes. Ann. 16th Congr. l'Assoc. Int. l'Histoire du Verre, London, 2005, 59-63.
15. Nenna, M. D., Picon, M. & Vichy, M. Ateliers primaires et secondaires en Egypte à l'époque Gréco-Romaine. In: La route du verre. Ateliers primaires et secondaires du second millénaire avant. Ed. M. D. Nenna, J. C. au Moyen Age. Travaux de la Maison de l'Orient Mé diterranéen 33, Lyon, 2000, 97-112.
16. Tal, O., Jackson-Tal, R. E. & Freestone, I. C. New evidence of the production of raw glass at Late Byzantine Apollonia-Arsuf, Israel. J. Glass Stud., 2004, 46, 51-66.
17. Gorin-Rosen, Y. Hadera, Bet Eli'ezer. Excavations and Surveys in Israel, 1995, 13, 42-3.
18. Gorin-Rosen, Y. The ancient glass industry in Israel: summary of finds and new discoveries. La route du verre. Ateliers primaires et secondaires du second millénaire avant J.C. au Moyen Age. Ed. M. D. Nenna, Travaux de la Maison de l'Orient Méditerranéen 33, Lyon, 2000, 49-64.
19. Freestone, I. C., Gorin-Rosen, Y. & Hughes, M. J. Primary glass from Israel and the production of glass in the late antiquity and the early Islamic period. La route du verre. Ateliers primaires et secondaires de verriers du second millénaire avant J.C. au Moyen Age. Ed. M. D. Nenna, Travaux de la Maison de l'Orient Méditerranéen 33, Lyon, 2000, 65-83.
20. Brill, R. H. A great glass slab from ancient Galilee. Archaeology, 1967, 20, 88-95.
21. Freestone, I. C. & Gorin-Rosen, Y. The great glass slab at Bet She'Arim, Israel: an early Islamic glassmaking experiment? J. Glass Stud., 1999, 41, 105-16.
22. Van Beeumen, R. Numerical modelling of primary glass furnaces in the 1st millennium AD. Unpublished Master Thesis, K. U. Leuven, 2011, pp. 44.
23. Foy, D., Vichy, M. & Picon, M. L'ingots de verre en Méditerranée occidentale. Ann. 14th Congr. l'Assoc. Int. l'Histoire du Verre, Amsterdam, 2000, 51-7.
24. Rehren, T. Rationales in Old World base glass compositions. J. Archaeol. Sci., 2000, 27, 1225-34.
25. Shugar, A. & Rehren, T. Formation and composition of glass as a function of firing temperature. Glass Technol., 2002, 43C, 145-50.
26. Foster, H. E. & Jackson, C. M. The composition of 'naturally coloured' late Roman vessel glass from Britain and the implications for models of glass production and supply. J. Archaeol. Sci., 2009, 36, 189-204.
27. Bateson, H. M. & Turner, W. E. S. A note on the solubility of sodium chloride in a soda-lime-silica glass. J. Soc. Glass Technol., 1939, 23, 265-7.
28. Gerth, K., Wedepohl, K. & Heide, K. Experimental melts to explore the technique of medieval woodash glass production and the chlorine content of medieval glass types. Chem. Erde, 1998, 58, 219-32. (Pubitemid 29114635)
29. Merkel, S. & Rehren, T. Parting layers, ash trays, and Ramesside glassmaking: an experimental study. In: Hochtemperatur-Technologie in der Ramses-Stadt - Rubinglas für den Pharao (=Forschungen in der Ramses-Stadt, 6). Eds E. B. Pusch & T. Rehren, Gerstenberg-Verlag, Hildesheim, 2007, pp. 201-21.
30. Tanimoto, S. &, Rehren, T. Interactions between silicate and salt melts in LBA glassmaking. J. Archaeol. Sci., 2008, 35, 2566-73.
31. Jackson, C. M. & Smedley, J. W. Medieval and post-medieval glass technology: melting characteristics of some glasses melted from vegetable ash and sand mixtures. Glass Technol., 2004, 45 (1), 36-42.
32. Paynter, S. & Dungworth, D. Recognising frit: experiments reproducing post-Medieval plant ash glass. Proc. 37th Int. Symp. on Archaeometry. Siena, Italy, 13-16 May 2008, 133-8.
33. 2 glass. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1945, 28, 42-7.
34. Cable, M. & Bower, C. The homogeneity of small-scale laboratory glass melts. Glass Technol., 1965, 6 (6), 197-205.
35. Chopinet, M.-H., Gouillart, E., Papin, S. & Toplis, M. J. Influence of limestone grain size on glass homogeneity. Glass Technol.: Eur. J. Glass Sci. Technol. A, 2010, 51 (3), 116-22.
36. 3 melts. Glastech. Ber., 1988, 2, 31-5.
37. Shahid, K. A. & Glasser, F. P. Phase equilibria in the system Na-Ca- Mg-Si. Phys. Chem. Glasses, 1972, 13 (1), 27-42.
38. Smedley, J. W., Jackson, C. M. & Booth, C. A. Back to the roots: The raw materials, glass recipes and glassmaking practices of Theophilus. In: McCray, P., Kingery, W.D. (Eds.) The prehistory and history of glass and glassmaking technology. Edited by P. McCray & W. D. Kingery. Ceram. Civil., 1998, 8, 145-65.
39. Smedley, J. W. & Jackson, C. M. Medieval and post-medieval glass technology: batch measuring practices. Glass Technol., 2002, 43 (1), 22-7. (Pubitemid 34630744)
40. Rottländer, R. C. A. The Pliny translation Group of Germany. Science in the Early Roman Empire: Pliny the Elder, his sources and influence. Ed. R. French & F Greenaway, Croom Helm, London, 1986, 11-19.
41. Healy, J. F. Glass technology. Pliny the Elder on Science and Technology. Ed. J. F. Healy, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999, 352-8.