Glass production in Late Antiquity and the Early Islamic period: A geochemical perspective

Geological Society Special Publication

Volumn 257, Issue , 2006, Pages 201-216

  Freestone, Ian C ^a  

^a CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; GLASS; MEDIEVAL;

EID: 33646564067     PISSN: 03058719     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.257.01.16     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Aldsworth, F., Haggarty, G., Jennings, S. & Whitehouse, D. 2002. Medieval glassmaking at Tyre, Lebanon. Journal of Glass Studies, 44, 49-66.
2. Ashtor, E. & Cevidalli, G. 1983. Levantine alkali ashes and European industries. European Journal of Economic History, 12, 475-522.
3. Barber, D. J. & Freestone, I. C. 1990. An investigation of the origins of the colour of the Lycurgus Cup by analytical transmission electron microscopy. Archaeometry, 32, 33-45.
4. Bateson, H. M. and Turner, W. E. S. 1939. A note on the solubility of sodium chloride in a sodalime-silica glass. Journal of the Society of Glass Technology, 23, 265-267T.
5. Brill, R. H. 1967. A great glass slab from ancient Galilee. Archaeology, 20, 89-95.
6. Brill, R. H. 1970. The chemical interpretation of the texts. In: Oppenheim, A. L., Brill, R. H., Barag, D. & Von Saldern, A. (eds) Glass and Glassmaking in Ancient Mesopotamia. Corning Museum of Glass, New York 105-128.
7. Brill, R. H. 1987. Chemical analysis of some early Indian glasses. In: Bhardwaj, H. C. (ed.) Archaeometry of Glass. Proceedings XIV International Congress on Glass, New Delhi, 1986. Indian Ceramic Society, Calcutta, 1-25.
8. Brill, R. H. 1988. Scientific investigations. In: Weinberg, G. D. (ed.) Excavations at Jalame: Site of a Glass Factory in Late Roman Palestine. University of Missouri, Columbia, 257-294.
9. Brill, R. H. 1995. Chemical analysis of some glass fragments from Nishapur in the Corning Museum of Glass. In: Kröger, J. (ed.) Nishapur - Glass of the Islamic Period. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 211-233.
10. Brill, R. H. 1999. Chemical Analyses of Early Glasses. Corning Museum of Glass, New York.
11. Brill, R. H. & Martin, J. H. (eds) 1991. Scientific Research in Early Chinese Glass. Corning Museum of Glass, New York.
12. Brill, R. H., Clayton, R. N., Mayeda, T. K. & Stapleton, C. P. 1999. Oxygen isotope analyses of early glasses. In: Brill, R. H. (ed.) Chemical Analyses of Early Glass. Coming Museum of Glass, New York, 303-322.
13. Eicholz, D. E. 1962. Pliny - Natural History Books 36-37. Loeb Classical Library, Harvard, MA.
14. Emery, K. O. & Neev, D. 1960. Mediterranean beaches of Israel. Geological Survey Israel Bulletin, 26, 1-23.
15. e Congrès de l'Association pour l'Histoire du Verre. AIHV, Amsterdam, 51-57.
16. Foy, D., Picon, M., Vichy, M. & Thirion-Merle, V. 2003a. Charactérisation des verres de la fin de l'Antiquitéen Méditerranée occidentale: l'emergence de nouveaux courants commerciaux. In: Foy, D & Nenna, M.-D. (eds) Échanges et Commerce du Verre dans le Monde Antique, Monique Mergoil, Montagnac, 41-85.
17. e Congrès de l'Association Internationale pour l'Histoire du Verre. AIHV, Nottingham, 138-143.
18. Freestone, I. C. 1991. Technical examination of Neo-Assyrian glazed wall plaques. Iraq, 53, 55-58.
19. Freestone, I. C. 2002. Composition and affinities of glass from the furnaces on the island site, Tyre. Journal of Glass Studies, 44, 67-77.
20. e congrès de l'Association Internationale pour l'Histoire du Verre. AIHV, Nottingham, 111-115.
21. Freestone I. C. & Gorin-Rosen, Y. 1999. The great glass slab at Beth She'arim: an early Islamic glass-making experiment? Journal of Glass Studies, 41, 105-116.
22. Freestone, I. C., Gorin-Rosen, Y. & Hughes, M. J. 2000. Composition of primary glass from Israel. In: Nenna, M.-D. (ed.) Ateliers primaires et secondaires de verriers du second millinaire av. J.-C. au Moyen-Age. Travaux de la Maison de l'Orient Méditerranéen, 33, 65-84.
23. Freestone, I. C., Ponting G, M. & Hughes, M. J. 2002a. Origins of Byzantine glass from Maroni Petrera, Cyprus. Archaeometry, 44, 257-272.
24. Freestone, I. C., Greenwood, R. & Gorin-Rosen, Y. 2002b. Byzantine and early Islamic glassmaking in the Eastern Mediterranean: production and distribution of primary glass. In: Kordas, G. (ed.) Hyalos- Vitrum-Glass. History Technology and Conservation of Glass and Vitreous Materials in the Hellenic World. 1st International Conference, Rhodes, Greece, 1-4 April 2001. Glasnet, Athens, 167-174.
25. Freestone, I. C., Leslie, K. A., Thirwall, M. & Gorin-Rosen, Y. 2003. Strontium isotopes in the investigation of early glass production: Byzantine and early Islamic glass from the Near East. Archaeometry, 45, 19-32.
26. Freestone, I. C., Wolf, S. & Thirlwall, M. 2005. The production of HIMT glass: elemental and isotopic evidence. Annales du 16e Congrès de l'Association Internationale pour l'Histoire du Verre. AIHV, Nottingham, 153-157.
27. Glover, I. & Henderson, J. 1995. Early glass in South and South East Asia and China. In: Scott, R. & Guy, J. (eds) South East Asia and China: Art, Interaction and Commerce. Percival David Foundation of Chinese Art, Colloquies on Art and Archaeology in Asia, 17, 141-169.
28. Goldsmith, V. & Golik, A. 1980. Sediment transport model of the southeastern Mediterranean coast. Marine Geology, 37, 147-175.
29. Gorin-Rosen, Y. 1995. Hadera, Bet Eli'ezer. Excavations and Surveys in Israel, 13, 42-43.
30. Gorin-Rosen, Y. 2000. The ancient glass industry in Israel: summary of new finds and new discoveries. In: Nenna, M.-D. (ed.) Ateliers primaires et secondaires de verriers du second millinaire av. J.-C. au Moyen-Age. Travaux de la Maison de l'Orient Méditerranéen, 33, 49-63.
31. Gratuze, B. & Barrandon, J.-N. 1990. Islamic glass weights and stamps: analysis using nuclear techniques. Archaeometry, 32, 155-162.
32. Henderson, J. 2003. Glass trade and chemical analysis: a possible model for Islamic glass production. In: Foy, D. & Nenna M.-D. (eds) Echanges et Commerce du Verre dans le Monde Antique. Monique Mergoil, Montagnac, 109-124.
33. Henderson, J., Mcloughlin, S. D. & Mcphail, D. S. 2004. Radical changes in Islamic glass technology: evidence for conservatism and experimentation with new glass recipes from early and middle Islamic Raqqa, Syria. Archaeometry, 46, 439-468.
34. Henderson, J., Evans, J. A., Sloane, H. J., Leng, M. J. & Doherty, C. 2005. The use of strontium, oxygen and lead isotopes to provenance ancient glasses in the Middle East. Journal of Archaeological Science, 32, 665-674.
35. Hunter, J. & Heyworth, M. 1998. The Hamwic Glass. Council for British Archaeology, York, Research Reports, 116.
36. Jackson, C. M., Hunter, J. R., Warren, S. E. & Cool, H. E. M. 1991. The analysis of bluegreen glass and glassy waste from two Romano-British glass-working sites. In: Pernicka, E. & Wagner, G. A. (eds) Archaeometry '90. Birkhauser, Basel, 295-305.
37. Jacoby, D. 1993. Raw materials for the glass productions of Venice and the Terraferma about 1370-about 1460. Journal of Glass Studies, 35, 65-90.
38. Keller, D. 2005. Social and economic aspects of glass recycling In: Bruhn, J., Croxford, B. & Grigoropoulos, D. (eds) Trac 2004: Proceedings of the 14th Annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference. Oxbow, Oxford, 65-78.
39. Krom, M. D., Stanley, J. D., Cliff, R. A. & Woodward, J. C. 2002. Nile river sediment fluctuations over the past 7000 yr and their key role in sapropel development. Geology, 30, 71-74.
40. Leslie, K. A., Freestone, I. C., Lowry, D. & Thirlwall, M. 2006. Provenance and technology of Near Eastern glass: oxygen isotopes by laser fluorination as a complement to strontium. Archaeometry (in press).
41. Lilyquist, C. & Brill, R. H. 1993. Studies in Early Egyptian Glass. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
42. Moorey, P. R. S. 1994. Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
43. Nenna, M.-D., Vichy, M. & Picon, M. 1997. L'atelier de verrier de Lyon, du Ier siècle après J.-C., et l'origine des verres 'Romains'. Revue d'Archèomètrie, 21, 81-87.
44. Nenna, M. -D., Picon, M. & Vichy, M. 2000. Ateliers primaires et secondaires en Égypte à l'époque gréco-romaine. In: Nenna, M.-D. (ed.) La Route du Verre: Ateliers primaires et secondaires de verriers du second millénaire av. J.-C. au Moyen-Âge, Travaux de la Maison de l'Orient Méditerranéen, 33, 97-112.
45. Nenna, M.-D., Picon, M., Thirion-Merle, V. & Vichy, M. 2005. Ateliers primaires du Wadi Natrun: nouvelles découvertes. Annales du 16e Congrès de l'Association Internationale pour l'Histoire du Verre. AIHV, Nottingham, 59-63.
46. Nicholson, P. T., Jackson, C. M. & Trott, K. M. 1997. The Ulu Burun glass ingots, cylindrical vessels and Egyptian glass. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 83, 143-153.
47. Oppenheim, A. L., Brill, R. H., Barag, D. & von Saldern, A. 1970. Glass and Glassmaking in Ancient Mesopotamia. Corning Museum of Glass, New York.
48. Picon, M. & Vichy, M. 2003. D'Orient en occident: l'origine du verre à l'époque romaine et durant le haut Moyen Âge. In: Foy, D. & Nenna, M.-D. (eds) Échanges et Commerce du Verre dans le Monde Antique. Monique Mergoil, Montagnac, 17-31.
49. Pomerancblum, M. 1966. The distribution of heavy minerals and their hydraulic equivalents in sediments of the Mediterranean continental shelf of Israel. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 36, 162-174.
50. Reade, W., Freestone, I. C. & Simpson, St. J. 2005. Innovation or continuity? Early first millennium BCE glass in the Near East: the cobalt blue glass from Assyrian Nimrud. Annales du 16e Congrès de l'Association pour l'Histoire du Verre. AIHV, Nottingham, 23-27.
51. Rehren, Th. 2000. Rationales in Old World base glass compositions. Journal of Archaeological Science, 27, 1225-1234.
52. Rehren, Th. & Putsch, E. B. 1997. New Kingdom glass-melting crucibles from Qantir-Piramesses. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 83, 127-141.
53. Sayre, E. V. 1963. The intentional use of antimony and manganese in ancient glasses. In: Matson, F. R. & Rindone, G. E. (eds) Advances in Glass Technology, Part 2. Plenum, New York, 263-282.
54. Sayre, E. V. & Smith, R. W. 1961. Compositional categories of ancient glass. Science, 133, 1824-1826.
55. Shortland, A. J. 2004. Evaporites of the Wadi Natrun: seasonal and annual variation and its implication for ancient exploitation. Archaeometry, 46, 497-516.
56. Shortland, A. J., Schachnner, L., Freestone, I. C. & Tite, M. 2006. Natron as a flux in the early vitreous materials industry - sources, beginnings and reasons for decline. Journal of Archaeological Science (in press).
57. Shugar, A. & Rehren, Th. 2002. Formation and composition of glass as a function of firing temperature. Glass Technology 43C, Proceedings XIX International Congress on Glass, Edinburgh, 1-6 July 2001, Society of Glass Technology, Sheffield, 145-150.
58. Smith, R. W. 1963. Archaeological evaluation of analyses of ancient glass. In: Matson, F. R. & Rindone, G. E. (eds) Advances in Glass Technology, Part 2. Plenum, New York, 283-290.
59. Stanley, D. J., Mart, Y. & Nir, Y. 1997. Clay mineral distributions to interpret Nile cell provenance and dispersal: II. Coastal plain from Nile delta to northern Israel. Journal of Coastal Research, 13, 506-533.
60. Stapleton, C. P. & Swanson, S. E. 2002. Chemical analysis of glass artefacts from Iron Age levels at Hasanlu, northwestern Iran. Glass Technology 43C, Proceedings of the XIX International Congress on Glass, 151-157.
61. Stern, E. M. 1999. Roman glassblowing in a cultural context. American Journal of Archaeology, 103, 441-484.
62. Tal, O., Jackson-Tal, R. E. & Freestone, I. C. 2004. New evidence of the production of raw glass at Late Byzantine Apollonia-Arsuf (Israel). Journal of Glass Studies, 46, 51-66.
63. Verità, M. 1985. L'invenzione del cristallo Muranese: una verfica analitica delle fonti storiche. Rivista delle Stazione Sperimentale del Vetro, 1, 17-36.
64. Wedepohl, K. H. 1995. The composition of the continental crust. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 59, 1217-1232.
65. Wedepohl, K. H. 2003. Glas in Antike und Mittelalter. Schweizbart, Stuttgart.
66. Wedepohl, K. H. & Baumann, A. 2000. The use of marine molluskan shells for Roman glass and local raw glass production in the Eifel area (Western Germany). Naturwissenschaften, 87, 129-132.
67. Whitehouse, D. 1999. Glass in the Epigrams of Martial. Journal of Glass Studies, 41, 73-81.
68. Whitehouse, D. 2002. The transition from natron to plant ash in the Levant. Journal of Glass Studies, 44, 193-196.