Combination renin-angiotensin system blockade and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in experimental myocardial infarction: Implications for future therapeutic directions

Clinical Science

Volumn 123, Issue 11, 2012, Pages 649-658

  Burchill, Luke J ^a,b   Velkoska, Elena ^a   Dean, Rachael G ^a   Griggs, Karen ^a   Patel, Sheila ^a   Burrell, Louise ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY HEALTH NETWORK   (Canada)

^c AUSTIN HEALTH   (Australia)

Author keywords

Angiotensin receptor blocker; Angiotensin converting enzyme; Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; Myocardial infarction; Renin angiotensin system

Indexed keywords

ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME 2; RAMIPRIL; VALSARTAN;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GENE EXPRESSION; HEART INFARCTION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE MASS; HEART MUSCLE CONTRACTILITY; HEART PROTECTION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM;

ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; ANGIOTENSINS; ANIMALS; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; FEMALE; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, ENZYMOLOGIC; HEART; HEMODYNAMICS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; MYOCARDIUM; ORGAN SIZE; PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A; RAMIPRIL; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; RENIN; RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; TETRAZOLES; VALINE;

EID: 84867351874     PISSN: 01435221     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1042/CS20120162     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Johnston, C. I. (1994) Tissue angiotensin converting enzyme in cardiac and vascular hypertrophy, repair, and remodeling. Hypertension 23, 258-268.
2. Pfeffer, M. A. and Braunwald, E. (1990) Ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Experimental observations and clinical implications. Circulation 81, 1161-1172.
3. Pfeffer, M. A., Braunwald, E., Moye, L. A., Basta, L., Brown, E. J., Jr., Cuddy, T. E., Davis, B. R., Geltman, E. M., Goldman, S., Flaker, G. C. et al. (1992) Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Results of the survival and ventricular enlargement trial. The SAVE Investigators. N. Engl. J. Med. 327, 669-677.
4. White, H. D., Aylward, P. E., Huang, Z., Dalby, A. J., Weaver, W. D., Barvik, S., Marin-Neto, J. A., Murin, J., Nordlander, R. O., van Gilst, W. H. et al. (2005) Mortality and morbidity remain high despite captopril and/or valsartan therapy in elderly patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction, heart failure, or both after acute myocardial infarction: results from the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT). Circulation 112, 3391-3399.
5. Burrell, L. M., Johnston, C. I., Tikellis, C. and Cooper, M. E. (2004) ACE2, a new regulator of the renin-angiotensin system. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 15, 166-169.
6. Donoghue, M., Hsieh, F., Baronas, E., Godbout, K., Gosselin, M., Stagliano, N., Donovan, M., Woolf, B., Robison, K., Jeyaseelan, R. et al. (2000) A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9. Circ. Res. 87, E1-E9.
7. Ferrario, C. M. (2006) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin-(1-7): an evolving story in cardiovascular regulation. Hypertension 47, 515-521.
8. Ferrario, C. M., Ahmad, S., Joyner, J. and Varagic, J. (2010) Advances in the renin angiotensin system focus on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin-(1-7). Adv. Pharmacol. 59, 197-233.
9. Santos, R. A., Simoes e Silva, A. C., Maric, C., Silva, D. M., Machado, R. P., de Buhr, I., Heringer-Walther, S., Pinheiro, S. V., Lopes, M. T., Bader, M. et al. (2003) Angiotensin-(1-7) is an endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor Mas. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100, 8258-8263.
10. Burrell, L. M., Risvanis, J., Kubota, E., Dean, R. G., MacDonald, P. S., Lu, S., Tikellis, C., Grant, S. L., Lew, R. A., Smith, A. I. et al. (2005) Myocardial infarction increases ACE2 expression in rat and humans. Eur. Heart. J. 26, 369-375, discussion 322-364.
11. Kassiri, Z., Zhong, J., Guo, D., Basu, R., Wang, X., Liu, P. P., Scholey, J. W., Penninger, J. M. and Oudit, G. Y. (2009) Loss of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 accelerates maladaptive left ventricular remodeling in response to myocardial infarction. Circ. Heart Failure 2, 446-455.
12. Der Sarkissian, S., Grobe, J. L., Yuan, L., Narielwala, D. R., Walter, G. A., Katovich, M. J. and Raizada, M. K. (2008) Cardiac overexpression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 protects the heart from ischemia-induced pathophysiology. Hypertension 51, 712-718.
13. Zhao, Y., Yin, H. Q., Yu, Q. T., Qiao, Y., Dai, H. Y., Zhang, M. X., Zhang, L., Liu, Y. F., Wang, L. C., Liu, D. S. et al. (2010) ACE2 overexpression improves left ventricular remodeling and function in rats with myocardial infarction. Hum. Gene Ther. 21, 1545-1554.
14. Ocaranza, M. P., Godoy, I., Jalil, J. E., Varas, M., Collantes, P., Pinto, M., Roman, M., Ramirez, C., Copaja, M., Diaz-Araya, G. et al. (2006) Enalapril attenuates downregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the late phase of ventricular dysfunction in myocardial infarcted rat. Hypertension 48, 572-578.
15. Ishiyama, Y., Gallagher, P. E., Averill, D. B., Tallant, E. A., Brosnihan, K. B. and Ferrario, C. M. (2004) Upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 after myocardial infarction by blockade of angiotensin II receptors. Hypertension 43, 970-976.
16. Hernandez Prada, J. A., Ferreira, A. J., Katovich, M. J., Shenoy, V., Qi, Y., Santos, R. A., Castellano, R. K., Lampkins, A. J., Gubala, V., Ostrov, D. A. and Raizada, M. K. (2008) Structure-based identification of small-molecule angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activators as novel antihypertensive agents. Hypertension 51, 1312-1317.
17. Pfeffer, M. A., Pfeffer, J. M., Fishbein, M. C., Fletcher, P. J., Spadaro, J., Kloner, R. A. and Braunwald, E. (1979) Myocardial infarct size and ventricular function in rats. Circ. Res. 44, 503-512.
18. Dean, R. G., Balding, L. C., Candido, R., Burns, W. C., Cao, Z., Twigg, S. M. and Burrell, L. M. (2005) Connective tissue growth factor and cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 53, 1245-1256.
19. Velkoska, E., Dean, R. G., Griggs, K., Burchill, L. J. and Burrell, L. M. (2011) Angiotensin-(1-7) infusion is associated with increased blood pressure and adverse cardiac remodelling in rats with subtotal nephrectomy. Clin. Sci. 120, 335-345.
20. Burchill, L., Velkoska, E., Dean, R. G., Lew, R. A., Smith, A. I., Levidiotis, V. and Burrell, L. M. (2008) Acute kidney injury in the rat causes cardiac remodelling and increases angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression. Exp. Physiol. 93, 622-630.
21. Herath, C. B., Warner, F. J., Lubel, J. S., Dean, R. G., Jia, Z., Lew, R. A., Smith, A. I., Burrell, L. M. and Angus, P. W. (2007) Upregulation of hepatic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and angiotensin-(1-7) levels in experimental biliary fibrosis. J. Hepatol. 47, 387-395.
22. Cao, Z., Bonnet, F., Candido, R., Nesteroff, S. P., Burns, W. C., Kawachi, H., Shimizu, F., Carey, R. M., De Gasparo, M. and Cooper, M. E. (2002) Angiotensin type 2 receptor antagonism confers renal protection in a rat model of progressive renal injury. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 13, 1773-1787.
23. Passier, R. C., Smits, J. F., Verluyten, M. J., Studer, R., Drexler, H. and Daemen, M. J. (1995) Activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme expression in infarct zone following myocardial infarction. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 269, H 1268-1276.
24. Ohtsuki, M., Morimoto, S., Izawa, H., Ismail, T. F., Ishibashi-Ueda, H., Kato, Y., Horii, T., Isomura, T., Suma, H., Nomura, M. et al. (2010) Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 gene expression increased compensatory for left ventricular remodeling in patients with end-stage heart failure. Int. J. Cardiol. 145, 333-334.
25. Epelman, S., Tang, W. H., Chen, S. Y., Van Lente, F., Francis, G. S. and Sen, S. (2008) Detection of soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in heart failure: insights into the endogenous counter-regulatory pathway of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 52, 750-754.
26. Epelman, S., Shrestha, K., Troughton, R. W., Francis, G. S., Sen, S., Klein, A. L. and Tang, W. H. (2009) Soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in human heart failure: relation with myocardial function and clinical outcomes. J. Card. Failure 15, 565-571.
27. Chong, C. P., Lim, W. K., Velkoska, E., van Gaal, W. J., Ryan, J., Savige, J. and Burrell, L. M. (2012) N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 levels association with post-operative cardiac complications after emergency orthopaedic surgery. Am. J. Cardiol. 109, 1365-1373.
28. Burrell, L. M., Burchill, L., Dean, R. G., Griggs, K., Patel, S. K. and Velkoska, E. (2012) Chronic kidney disease: cardiac and renal angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 2 expression in rats after subtotal nephrectomy and the effect of ACE inhibition. Exp. Physiol. 97, 477-485.
29. MacFadyen, R. J., Lee, A. F., Morton, J. J., Pringle, S. D. and Struthers, A. D. (1999) How often are angiotensin II and aldosterone concentrations raised during chronic ACE inhibitor treatment in cardiac failure? Heart 82, 57-61.
30. Duncan, A. M., Burrell, L. M., Kladis, A. and Campbell, D. J. (1996) Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on angiotensin and bradykinin peptides in rats with myocardial infarction. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 28, 746-754.
31. Urata, H., Boehm, K. D., Philip, A., Kinoshita, A., Gabrovsek, J., Bumpus, F. M. and Husain, A. (1993) Cellular localization and regional distribution of an angiotensin II-forming chymase in the heart. J. Clin. Invest. 91, 1269-1281.
32. Chappell, M. C., Pirro, N. T., Sykes, A. and Ferrario, C. M. (1998) Metabolism of angiotensin-(1-7) by angiotensin- converting enzyme. Hypertension 31, 362-367.
33. Yamada, K., Iyer, S. N., Chappell, M. C., Ganten, D. and Ferrario, C. M. (1998) Converting enzyme determines plasma clearance of angiotensin-(1-7). Hypertension 32, 496-502.
34. Ferrario, C. M., Jessup, J., Chappell, M. C., Averill, D. B., Brosnihan, K. B., Tallant, E. A., Diz, D. I. and Gallagher, P. E. (2005) Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockers on cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Circulation 111, 2605-2610.
35. Batlle, D., Wysocki, J., Soler, M. J. and Ranganath, K. (2012) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: enhancing the degradation of angiotensin II as a potential therapy for diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int. 81, 520-528.
36. Ferrario, C. M., Trask, A. J. and Jessup, J. A. (2005) Advances in biochemical and functional roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin-(1-7) in regulation of cardiovascular function. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 289, H2281-H2290.
37. Ferreira, A. J., Santos, R. A. and Almeida, A. P. (2001) Angiotensin-(1-7): cardioprotective effect in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. Hypertension 38, 665-668.
38. Loot, A. E., Roks, A. J., Henning, R. H., Tio, R. A., Suurmeijer, A. J., Boomsma, F. and van Gilst, W. H. (2002) Angiotensin-(1-7) attenuates the development of heart failure after myocardial infarction in rats. Circulation 105, 1548-1550.
39. Lambert, D. W., Yarski, M., Warner, F. J., Thornhill, P., Parkin, E. T., Smith, A. I., Hooper, N. M. and Turner, A. J. (2005) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha convertase (ADAM17) mediates regulated ectodomain shedding of the severe-acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). J. Biol. Chem. 280, 30113-30119.
40. Zhong, J. C., Huang, D. Y., Yang, Y. M., Li, Y. F., Liu, G. F., Song, X. H. and Du, K. (2004) Upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 by all-trans retinoic acid in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 44, 907-912.
41. Diez-Freire, C., Vazquez, J., Correa de Adjounian, M. F., Ferrari, M. F., Yuan, L., Silver, X., Torres, R. and Raizada, M. K. (2006) ACE2 gene transfer attenuates hypertension-linked pathophysiological changes in the SHR. Physiol. Genomics 27, 12-19.
42. Ferreira, A. J., Shenoy, V., Qi, Y., Fraga-Silva, R. A., Santos, R. A., Katovich, M. J. and Raizada, M. K. (2011) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activation protects against hypertension-induced cardiac fibrosis involving extracellular signal-regulated kinases. Exp. Physiol. 96, 287-294.
43. Oudit, G. Y., Liu, G. C., Zhong, J., Basu, R., Chow, F. L., Zhou, J., Loibner, H., Janzek, E., Schuster, M., Penninger, J. M. et al. (2010) Human recombinant ACE2 reduces the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 59, 529-538.
44. Ferrario, C. M. (2011) ACE2: more of Ang-(1-7) or less Ang II? Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 20, 1-6.
45. Donoghue, M., Wakimoto, H., Maguire, C. T., Acton, S., Hales, P., Stagliano, N., Fairchild-Huntress, V., Xu, J., Lorenz, J. N., Kadambi, V. et al. (2003) Heart block, ventricular tachycardia, and sudden death in ACE2 transgenic mice with downregulated connexins. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 35, 1043-1053.
46. Masson, R., Nicklin, S. A., Craig, M. A., McBride, M., Gilday, K., Gregorevic, P., Allen, J. M., Chamberlain, J. S., Smith, G., Graham, D. et al. (2009) Onset of experimental severe cardiac fibrosis is mediated by overexpression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Hypertension 53, 694-700.