Fixation patterns during recognition of personally familiar and unfamiliar faces

Frontiers in Psychology

Volumn , Issue JUN, 2010, Pages

  van Belle, Goedele ^a   Ramon, Meike ^a   Lefèvre, Philippe ^a   Rossion, Bruno ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Eye movements; Face recognition; Personal familiarity

Indexed keywords

EID: 84866749558     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16641078     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00020     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Althoff, R. R., and Cohen, N. J. (1999). Eye-movement-based memory effect: a reprocessing effect in face perception. J. Exp. Psychol. Learn Mem. Cogn. 25, 997-1010.
2. Armann, R., and Bülthoff, I. (2009). Gaze behavior in face comparison: the roles of sex, task, and symmetry. Atten. Percept. Psychophys. 71, 1107-1126.
3. Baird, L. M., and Burton, A. M. (2008). The bilateral advantage for famous faces: interhemispheric communication or competition? Neuropsychologia 46, 1581-1587.
4. Barton, J. J., Radcliffe, N., Cherkasova, M. V., Edelman, J., and Intriligator J. M. (2006). Information processing during face recognition: the effects of familiarity, inversion, and morphing on scanning fixations. Perception 35, 1089-1105.
5. Bindemann, M., Scheepers, C., and Burton, A. M. (2009). Viewpoint and center of gravity affect eye movements to human faces. J. Vis. 9, 1-16.
6. Blais, C., Jack, R. E., Scheepers, C., Fiset, D., and Caldara, R. (2008). Culture shapes how we look at faces. PLoS ONE 3, e3022. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003022.
7. Brady, N., Campbell, M., and Flaherty M. (2005). Perceptual asymmetries are preserved in memory for highly familiar faces of self and friend. Brain Cogn. 58, 334-342.
8. Butler, S., Gilchrist, I. D., Burt, D. M., Perrett, D. I., Jones, E., and Harvey, M. (2005). Are the perceptual biases found in chimeric face processing reflected in eye-movement patterns? Neuropsychologia 43, 52-59.
9. Carbon, C. C. (2008). Famous faces as icons. The illusion of being an expert in the recognition of famous faces. Perception 37, 801-806.
10. Chauvin, A., Worsley, K. J., Schyns, P. G., Arguin, M., and Gosselin, F. (2005). Accurate statistical tests for smooth classification images. J. Vis. 5, 659-667.
11. Cook, M. (1978). "Eye movements during recognition of faces,"in Practical Aspects of Memory, eds M. M. Gruneberg, P. E. Morris, and R. N. Sykes. (New York: Academic Press). 286-292.
12. Davies, G., Ellis, H., and Shepherd, J. (1977). Cue saliency in faces as assessed by the "Photofit"technique. Perception 6, 263-269.
13. Desimone, R., and Duncan, J. (1995). Neural mechanisms of selective visual-attention. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 18, 193-222.
14. Dodge, R. (1903). Five types of eye movements in the horizontal meridian plane of the field of regard. Am. J. Physiol. 8, 307-329.
15. Egeth, H. E., and Yantis, S. (1997). Visual attention: control, representation, and time course. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 48, 269-297.
16. Ellison, A., Schindler, I., Pattison, L. L., and Milner, A. D. (2004). An exploration of the role of the superior temporal gyrus in visual search and spatial perception using TMS. Brain 127, 2307-2315.
17. Everdell, I. T., Marsh, H. O., Yurick, M. D., Munhall, K. G., and Paré, M. (2007). Gaze behaviour in audiovisual speech perception: asymmetrical distribution of face-directed fixations. Perception 36, 1535-1545.
18. Fink, G. R., and Heide, W. (2004). Spatial neglect. Nervenarzt 75, 389-408.
19. Gilbert, C., and Bakan, P. (1973). Visual asymmetry in perception of faces. Neuropsychologia 11, 355-362.
20. Gitelman, D. R., Nobre, A. C., Parrish, T. B., LaBar, K. S., Kim, Y. H., Meyer, J. R., and Mesulam, M. M. (1999). A large-scale distributed network for covert spatial attention: Further anatomical delineation based on stringent behavioral and cognitive controls. Brain 122, 1093-1106
21. Goldberg, J. H., and Wichansky, A.M. (2003). "Eye tracking in usability evaluation: a practitioner's guide,"in Mind's Eye: Cognitive and Applied Aspects of Eye Movement Research, eds J. Hyona, R. Radach and H. Deubel. (Amsterdam: Elsevier) 493-516.
22. Gosselin, F., and Schyns, P. G. (2001). Bubbles: a technique to reveal the use of information in recognition tasks. Vision Res. 41, 2261-2271.
23. Haig, N. D. (1985). How faces differ--a new comparative technique. Perception 14, 601-615.
24. Hall, E. T. (1966). The Hidden Dimension. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
25. Hecaen, H., and Angeöergues, R. (1962). Agnosia for faces (prosopagnosia). Arch. Neurol. 7, 92-100.
26. Heilman, K. M., and Van Den Abell, T. (1980). Right hemisphere dominance for attention: the mechanism underlying hemispheric asymmetries of inattention (neglect). Neurology 30, 327-330.
27. Heisz, J. J., and Shore, D. I. (2008). More efficient scanning for familiar faces. J. Vis. 8, 1-10.
28. Henderson, J. M., Williams, C. C., and Falk, R. J. (2005). Eye movements are functional during face learning. Mem. Cognit. 33, 98-106.
29. Hillger, L. A., and Koenig, O. (1991). Separable mechanisms in face processing: evidence from hemi spheric specialization. Special Issue: face perception. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 3, 42-58.
30. Hsiao, J. H., and Cottrell, G. (2008). Two fixations suffice in face recognition. Psychol. Sci. 19, 998-1006.
31. Jack, R. E., Blais, C., Scheepers, C., Schyns, P. G., and Caldara, R. (2009). Cultural confusions show that facial expressions are not universal. Curr. Biol. 19, 1543-1548.
32. Just, M. A., and Carpenter, P. A. (1976). Role of eye-fixation research in cognitive psychology. Behav. Res. Methods Instrum. 8, 139-143.
33. Kampf, M., Nachson, I., and Babkoff, H. (2002). A serial test of the laterality of familiar face recognition. Brain Cogn. 50, 35-50.
34. Knappmeyer, B., Thornton, I. M., and Bülthoff, H. H. (2003). The use of facial motion and facial form during the processing of identity. Vision Res. 43, 1921-1936.
35. Larson, A. M., and Loschky, L. C. (2009). The contributions of central versus peripheral vision to scene gist recognition. J. Vis. 9, 1-16.
36. Leonards, U., and Scott-Samuel, N. E. (2005). Idiosyncratic initiation of saccadic face exploration in humans. Vision Res. 45, 2677-2684.
37. Luria, S. M., and Strauss, M. S. (1978). Comparison of eye movements over faces in photographic positives and negatives. Perception 7, 349-358.
38. Mertens, I., Siegmund, H., and Grüsser, O. J. (1993). Gaze motor asymmetries in the perception of faces during a memory task. Neuropsychologia 31, 989-998.
39. Mesulam, M. M. (1999). Spatial attention and neglect: parietal, frontal and cingulate contributions to the mental representation and attentional targeting of salient extrapersonal events. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. 354, 1325-1346.
40. Orban de Xivry, J. J., Ramon, M., Lefèvre, P., and Rossion, B. (2008). Reduced fixation on the upper area of personally familiar faces following acquired prosopagnosia. J. Neuropsychol. 2(Pt 1), 245-268.
41. Parkin, A. J., and Williamson, P. (1987). Cerebral lateralisation at different stages of facial processing. Cortex 23, 99-110.
42. Perrett, D. I., Mistlin, A. J., Chitty, A. J., Smith, P. A., Potter, D. D., Broennimann, R., and Harries, M. (1988). Specialized face processing and hemispheric asymmetry in man and monkey: evidence from single unit and reaction time studies. Behav. Brain Res. 29, 245-258.
43. Posner, M. I. (1980). Human visual cognition - Seymour, Phk. Am. J. Psychol. 93, 728-730.
44. Ramon, M., Busigny, T., and Rossion, B. (2010). Impaired holistic processing of unfamiliar individual faces in acquired prosopagnosia. Neuropsychologia 48, 933-944.
45. Rayner, K. (1998). Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychol. Bull. 124, 372-422.
46. Rehnman, J., and Herlitz, A. (2007). Women remember more faces than men do. Acta Psychol. (Amst) 124, 344-355.
47. Robinson, D. A. (1964). Mechanics of human saccadic eye movement. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 174, 245-264.
48. Sæther, L., Belle, W. V., Laeng, B., Brennen, T., and Overvoll, M. (2009). Anchoring gaze when categorizing faces' sex: evidence from eye-tracking data. Vision Res. [Epub ahead of print].
49. Shepherd, J., Davies, G., and Ellis, H. (1981). "Studies of cue saliency,"in Perceiving and Remembering faces, eds G. Davies, H. Ellis and J. Shepherd (London: Academic Press), 105-132.
50. Schiltz, C., and Rossion, B. (2006). Faces are represented holistically in the human occipito-temporal cortex. Neuroimage 32, 1385-1394.
51. Schweinberger, S. R., Baird, L. M., Blümler, M., Kaufmann, J. M., and Mohr B. (2003). Interhemispheric cooperation for face recognition but not for affective facial expressions. Neuropsychologia 41, 407-414.
52. Sekuler, A. B., Gaspar, C. M., Gold, J. M., and Bennett, P. J. (2004). Inversion leads to quantitative, not qualitative, changes in face processing. Curr. Biol. 14, 391-396.
53. Sergent, J., Ohta, S., and MacDonald, B. (1992). Functional neuroanatomy of face and object processing. A positron emission tomography study. Brain 115, 15-36.
54. Stacey, P. C., Walker, S., and Underwood, J. D. (2005). Face processing and familiarity: evidence from eye-movement data. Br. J. Psychol. 96, 407-422.
55. Tong, F., and Nakayama, K. (1999). Robust representations for faces: evidence from visual search. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 25, 1016-1035.
56. Van Belle, G., and de Graef, P., Verfaillie, K., Busigny, T., and Rossion, B. (2010). Whole not hole: Expert face recognition requires holistic perception. Neuropsychologia. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2003.10.071.
57. Vassallo, S., Cooper, S. L., and Douglas, J. M. (2009). Visual scanning in the recognition of facial affect: is there an observer sex difference? J. Vis. 9, 1-10.
58. Walker-Smith, G. J, Gale, A. G., and Findlay, J. M. (1977). Eye movement strategies involved in face perception. Perception 6, 313-326.
59. Westheimer, G. (1954). Mechanism of Saccadic Eye Movements. Arch. Ophthalmol. 52, 710-724.
60. Williams, C. C., and Henderson, J. M. (2007). The face inversion effect is not a consequence of aberrant eye movements. Mem. Cognit. 35, 1977-1985.
61. Yarbus, A. L. (1957). Eye movements during changes in the stationary points of fixation. Biophysics (Oxf.) 2, 679-683.
62. Zangenehpour, S., and Chaudhuri, A. (2005). Patchy organization and asymmetric distribution of the neural correlates of face processing in monkey inferotemporal cortex. Curr. Biol. 15, 993-1005.