Momentary Conscious Pairing Eliminates Unconscious-Stimulus Influences on Task Selection

PLoS ONE

Volumn 7, Issue 9, 2012, Pages

  Zhou, Fanzhi Anita ^a   Davis, Greg ^a  

^a University of Cambridge   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; AWARENESS; BEHAVIOR CONTROL; CONSCIOUSNESS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DECISION MAKING; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MENTAL TASK; NEUROMODULATION; NORMAL HUMAN; PERCEPTIVE DISCRIMINATION; STIMULUS RESPONSE; TASK PERFORMANCE; UNCONSCIOUSNESS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CHOICE BEHAVIOR; CONSCIOUSNESS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; REACTION TIME; UNCONSCIOUS (PSYCHOLOGY); YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84866721041     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046320     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Libet B, (1985) Unconscious cerebral initiative and the role of conscious will in voluntary action. Behav Brain Sci 8: 529-566.
2. Haynes JD, Sakai K, Rees G, Gilbert S, Frith C, et al. (2007) Reading hidden intentions in the human brain. Curr Biol 17: 323-328.
3. Schurger A, Sitt J, Dehaene S, (in press) An accumulator model for spontaneous neural activity prior to self-initiated movement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
4. Custers R, Aarts H, (2010) The unconscious will: How the pursuit of goals operates outside of conscious awareness. Science 329: 47-50.
5. Wegner DM, (2003) The mind's best trick: how we experience conscious will. Trends Cogn Sci 7: 65-69.
6. Veltkamp M, Custers R, Aarts H, (2011) Motivating consumer behavior by subliminal conditioning in the absence of basic needs: Striking even while the iron is cold. Journal of Consumer Psychology 21: 49-56.
7. Zajonc RB, (2001) Mere exposure: A gateway to the subliminal. Current Directions in Psychological Science 10: 224.
8. Brasil-Neto JP, Pascual-Leone A, Valls-Sole J, Cohen LG, Hallett M, (1992) Focal transcranial magnetic stimulation and response bias in a forced-choice task. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 55: 964-966.
9. Ammon K, Gandevia SC, (1990) Transcranial magnetic stimulation can influence the selection of motor programmes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 53: 705-707.
10. Kiesel A, Wagener A, Kunde W, Hoffmann J, Fallgatter A, et al. (2006) Unconscious manipulation of free choice in humans. Conscious Cogn 15: 397-408.
11. Klapp S, Hinkley L, (2002) The negative compatibility effect: unconscious inhibition influences reaction time and response selection. J Exp Psychol Gen 131: 255-269.
12. Klapp S, Haas B, (2005) Nonconscious influence of masked stimuli on response selection is limited to concrete stimulus-response associations. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 33: 1366-1376.
13. Mele A (2009) Effective Intentions: the power of conscious will. Oxford: OUP.
14. DiGirolamo G, Kramer A, Barad V, Cepeda N, Weissman D, et al. (2001) General and task-specific frontal lobe recruitment in older adaults during executive processes: A fMRI investigation of task-switching. NeuroReport 12: 2065-2071.
15. Wylie G, Javitt D, Foxe J, (2006) Jumping the gun: is effective preparation contingent upon anticipatory activation in task-relevant neural circuitry? Cereb Cortex 16: 394-404.
16. Leonard CJ, Chiu YC (2007) What you set is not what you see: unconscious activation of cognitive control. J Neurosci 27: 11170-11171; discussion 11170.
17. Kunde W, Kiesel A, Hoffmann J, (2003) Conscious control over the content of unconscious cognition. Cognition 88: 223-242.
18. Zhou FA, Davis G, (2012) Unconscious priming of task sets: The role of spatial attention. Atten Percept Psychophys 74: 105-114.
19. Song S, Howard JJ, Howard D, (2008) Perceptual sequence learning in a serial reaction time task. Exp Brain Res 189: 145-158.
20. Wilson MD (1988) The MRC Psycholinguistic Database: Machine Usable Dictionary. Version 2.00. Behavioural Research Methods, Instruments and Computers. 6-11.
21. Macmillan N, Creelman C (1991) Detection theory: a user's guide. Cambridge, UK, New York: Cambridge UP.
22. Reingold EM, Merikle PM, (1988) Using direct and indirect measures to study perception without awareness. Percept Psychophys 44: 563-575.
23. Green DM, Dai H, (1991) Probability of being correct with 1 of M orthogonal signals. Percept Psychophys 49: 100-101.
24. Stanislaw H, Todorov N, (1999) Calculation of signal detection theory measures. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers 31: 137-149.
25. Tipper SP, (1985) The negative priming effect: Inhibitory effects of ignored primes. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 37A: 571-590.
26. Allport A, Wylie G (1999) Task-switching: Positive and negative priming of task-set. In: Humphreys GW, Duncan J, Treisman A, editors. Attention, Space and Action: Studies in Cognitive Neuroscience. New York: Oxford University Press. 273-296.
27. Nader K, Hardt O, (2009) A single standard for memory: the case for reconsolidation. Nat Rev Neurosci 10: 224-234.
28. Lee JLC, (2009) Reconsolidation: maintaining memory relevance. Trends in Neurosciences 32: 413-420.
29. Nader K, Schafe GE, Le Doux JE, (2000) Fear memories require protein synthesis in the amygdala for reconsolidation after retrieval. Nature 406: 722-726.
30. Reuss H, Kiesel A, Kunde W, Hommel B, (2011) Unconscious activation of task sets. Conscious Cogn 20: 556-567.
31. Lau HC, Passingham RE, (2007) Unconscious activation of the cognitive control system in the human prefrontal cortex. J Neurosci 27: 5805-5811.
32. Brass M, Haggard P, (2008) The what, when, whether model of intentional action. Neuroscientist 14: 319-325.
33. Haggard P, Eimer M, (1999) On the relation between brain potentials and the awareness of voluntary movements. Exp Brain Res 126: 128-133.
34. Tsushima Y, Seitz AR, Watanabe T, (2008) Task-irrelevant learning occurs only when the irrelevant feature is weak. Curr Biol 18: 516.