The construction of ethnic identity: Insights from identity process theory

Ethnicities

Volumn 12, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 503-530

  Jaspal, Rusi ^a   Cinnirella, Marco ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

ethnic identity; ethnicity; hybridity; identity process theory; identity threat; social psychology; social representations; sociology; South Asians

Indexed keywords

EID: 84866712977     PISSN: 14687968     EISSN: 17412706     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1468796811432689     Document Type: Article

References (112)

1. Abbas T (2000) How South Asians achieve in education: a comparative study of Bangladeshis, Indians and Pakistanis in Birmingham schools and colleges. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Warwick.
2. Abbas T.Teacher perceptions of South Asians in Birmingham schools and colleges.Oxford Review of Education. 2002;28 (4): 447-471.
3. Abizadeh A.Ethnicity, race, and a possible humanity.World Order. 2001;33 (1): 23-34.
4. Abrams D,Hogg MA.Comments on the motivational status of self-esteem in social identity and intergroup discrimination.European Journal of Social Psychology. 1988;18:317-334.
5. Amiot CE,de la Sablonnière R,Terry DJ,Smith JR.Integration of social identities in the self: toward a cognitive-developmental model.Personality and Social Psychology Review. 2007;11:364-388.
6. Anwar MBetween Two Cultures. London: Community Relations Commission; 1976:.
7. Anwar MRace and Social Work. Coombe VLittle A, ed. London: Routledge; 1986:50-58.
8. Anwar MBetween Cultures: Continuity and Change in the Lives of Young Asians. London: Routledge; 1998:.
9. Archer LMuslims in Britain: Race, Place and Identities. Hopkins PGale R, ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2009:74-91.
10. Balibar E,Wallerstein IRace, Nation, Class. London: Verso; 1991:.
11. Ballard RDesh Pardesh: The South Asian Experience in Britain. Ballard R, ed. London: C. Hurst and Co; 1994:1-35.
12. Bar-Tal D,Teichman YStereotypes and Prejudice in Conflict: Representations of Arabs in Israeli Jewish Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2005:.
13. Baumeister RFIdentity: Cultural Change and the Struggle for Self. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1986:.
14. Baumeister RF,Leary MR.The need to belong: desire for interpersonalattachments as a fundamental human motivation.Psychological Bulletin. 1995;117:497-529.
15. Brah ACartographies of Diaspora: Contesting Identities. London: Routledge; 1996:.
16. Breakwell GMCoping with Threatened Identities. London: Methuen; 1986:.
17. Breakwell GMSocial Psychology of Identity and the Self Concept. Breakwell GM, ed. London: Academic Press/Surrey University Press; 1992:35-55.
18. Breakwell GMChanging European Identities: Socio-psychological Analyses of Social Change. Breakwell GMLyons E, ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1996:13-30.
19. Breakwell GMRepresentations of the Social: Bridging Theoretical Traditions. Deaux KPhilogène G, ed. Oxford: Blackwell; 2001:271-284.
20. Breakwell GM,Canter DEmpirical Approaches to Social Representations. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1993:.
21. Brewer MB.The social self: on being the same and different at the same time.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 1991;17:475-482.
22. Brown R.Social identity theory: past achievements, current problems and future challenges.European Journal of Social Psychology. 2000;30:745-778.
23. Campbell JD.Similarity and uniqueness: the effects of attribute type, relevance, and individual differences in self-esteem and depression.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1986;50:281-294.
24. Cinnirella MBeyond Pug's Tour: National and Ethnic Stereotyping in Theory and Literary Practice. Barfoot CC, ed. Amsterdam: Editions Rodopi; 1997:253-274.
25. Cinnirella M.Exploring temporal aspects of social identity: the concept of possible social identities.European Journal of Social Psychology. 1998;28:227-248.
26. Cohen R.The incredible vagueness of being British/English (review article).International Affairs. 2000;76 (3): 575-582.
27. Cohen SStates of Denial: Knowing about Atrocities and Suffering. Cambridge: Polity Press; 2001:.
28. De Vos GAEthnic Identity: Creation, Conflict and Accommodation. Romanucci-Ross LDe Vos G, ed. Walnut Creek, CA: Alta Mira; 1995:15-47.
29. Doob LPatriotism and Nationalism: their Psychological Foundations. New Haven: Yale University Press; 1964:.
30. Eriksen THEthnicity and Nationalism: Anthropological Perspectives. London: Pluto Press; 1993:.
31. Eriksen THSocial Identity, Intergroup Conflict and Conflict Reduction. Ashmore RDJussim LWilder D, ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2001:42-70.
32. Gaertner SL,Dovidio JFReducing Intergroup Bias: The Common Ingroup Identity Model. Philadelphia, USA: Psychology Press; 2000:.
33. Gecas V.The self-concept.Annual Review of Sociology. 1982;8:1-33.
34. Geertz CInterpretations of Cultures. New York: Basic Books; 1973:.
35. Ghuman PASDouble Loyalties: South Asian Adolescents in the West. Cardiff: University of Wales Press; 2003:.
36. Ghuman PAS.Daughters of tradition.The Psychologist. 2005;18 (10): 620-622.
37. Hall DKLives in Translation: Sikh Youths as British Citizens. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; 2002:.
38. Harris RNew Ethnicities and Language Use. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan; 2006:.
39. Harter S,Monsour A.Developmental analysis of conflict caused by opposingattributes in the adolescent self-portrait.Developmental Psychology. 1992;28:251-260.
40. Heine SJ,Kitayama S,Lehman DR, et al.Divergent consequences of success and failure in Japan and North America: An investigation of self-improving motivations and malleable selves.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2001;81:599-615.
41. Hofman JEThe Social Psychology of Intergroup Conflict. Stroebe WKruglanski AWBar-Tal DHewstone M, ed. New York: Springer Verlag; 1988:80-102.
42. Hopkins PE.Young Muslim men in Scotland: inclusions and exclusions.Children's Geographies. 2004;2 (2): 257-272.
43. Hutnik N and Bhola P (1994) Self-categorisation and responses to threat. Paper presented to the VIth International Conference on Language and Social Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 6-9 July.
44. Hutnik N,Street RC.Profiles of British Muslim identity: adolescent girls in Birmingham.Journal of Adolescence. 2010;33:33-42.
45. Jacobson J.Religion and ethnicity: Dual and alternative sources of identity among young British Pakistanis.Ethnic and Racial Studies. 1997;20 (2): 238-256.
46. Jaspal R.Caste, social stigma and identity processes.Psychology and Developing Societies. 2011a;23 (2): 27-62.
47. Jaspal R (2011b) Delineating ethnic and religious identities in research with British South Asians. Psychological Studies 56(2): 214-244.
48. Jaspal R and Cinnirella M (in press) Identity processes, threat and interpersonal relations: accounts from British Muslim gay men. Journal of Homosexuality.
49. Jaspal R,Cinnirella M.Coping with potentially incompatible identities: accounts of religious, ethnic and sexual identities from British Pakistani men who identify as Muslim and gay.British Journal of Social Psychology. 2010a;49 (4): 849-870.
50. Jaspal R,Cinnirella M.Media representations of British Muslims and hybridized threats to identity.Contemporary Islam: Dynamics of Muslim Life. 2010b;4 (3): 289-310.
51. Jaspal R,Coyle A.Language and perceptions of identity threat.Psychology and Society. 2009;2 (2): 150-167.
52. Jaspal R,Coyle A.'Arabic is the language of the Muslims - that's how it was supposed to be': exploring language and religious identity through reflective accounts from young British-born South Asians.Mental Health, Religion and Culture. 2010a;13 (1): 17-36.
53. Jaspal R,Coyle A.'My language, my people': language and ethnic identity among British-born South Asians.South Asian Diaspora. 2010b;2 (2): 201-218.
54. Jaspal R and Sitaridou I (2010) Coping with stigmatised linguistic identities: a synthesis of identity process theory and ethnolinguistic vitality. Paper presented to the British Psychological Society Social Psychology Section Annual Conference, University of Winchester, UK, 7 September.
55. Jayaram N.Social construction of the Other Indian: Encounters between Indian nationals and diasporic Indians.Journal of Social and Economic Development. 1998;1 (1): 46-63.
56. Jones EE,Rhodewalt F,Berglas S,Skelton JA.Effects of strategic self-presentation on subsequent self-esteem.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1981;41 (3): 407-421.
57. Kalkman B (2003) Personal meaning among Indo-Canadians and South Asians. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Trinity Western University.
58. Kibria N.The new Islam and Bangladeshi youth in Britain and the U.S.Ethnic and Racial Studies. 2008;31 (2): 243-266.
59. LaFramboise T,Coleman H,Gerton J.Psychological impact of biculturalism: evidence and theory.Psychological Bulletin. 1993;114:395-412.
60. Lyons EChanging European Identities: Socio-psychological Analyses of Social Change. Breakwell GMLyons E, ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1996:31-40.
61. Maira SMDesis in the House: Indian American Youth Culture in New York City. Philadelphia: Temple University Press; 2002:.
62. Mason DSocial Divisions. Payne G, ed. London: Macmillan; 2000:91-114n.
63. Modood T,Beishon S,Virdee SChanging Ethnic Identities. London: Policy Studies Institute; 1994:.
64. Modood T,Berthoud R,Lakey J, et alEthnic Minorities in Britain: Diversity and Disadvantage. London: Policy Studies Institute; 1997:.
65. Moscovici S.Notes towards a description of social representations.European Journal of Social Psychology. 1988;18:211-250.
66. Muramoto Y.An indirect self-enhancement in relationships among Japanese.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 2003;34:552-566.
67. Nash MThe Cauldron of Ethnicity in the Modern World. Chicago: Chicago University Press; 1989:.
68. Phellas CN.Cypriot gay men's accounts of negotiating cultural and sexual identity: a qualitative study.Qualitative Sociology Review. 2005;1 (2): 65-83.
69. Phillips MLondonistan. London: Gibson Square; 2006:.
70. Phinney JS.When we talk about American ethnic groups, what do we mean?.American Psychologist. 1996;51:918-927.
71. Phinney JS,Horenczyk G,Liebkind K,Vedder P.Ethnic identity, immigration and well-being: An interactional perspective.Journal of Social Issues. 2001;57 (3): 493-510.
72. Phukon GEthnicity and Polity in South Asia. Phukon G, ed. New Delhi: Sage; 2002:1-20.
73. Puri J.Concerning "Kamasutras": challenging narratives of history and sexuality.Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. 2002;27 (3): 603-639.
74. Raj DS (1997) Shifting culture in the global terrain: cultural identity constructions amongst British Punjabi Hindus. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Cambridge.
75. Raj SD.'Who the hell do you think you are?' Promoting religious identity among Young Hindus in Britain.Ethnic and Racial Studies. 2000;23 (3): 535-558.
76. Ramji HCritical Reflections on Gender and the South Asian Diaspora. Puwal NRughuram P, ed. Oxford: Berg; 2003:227-242.
77. Ramji H.Journeys of difference: The use of migratory narratives among British Hindu Gujaratis.Ethnic and Racial Studies. 2006;29 (4): 702-724.
78. Reicher S,Hopkins NSelf and Nation. London: Sage; 2001:.
79. Rex J.Empire, race and ethnicity.International Journal of Comparative Sociology. 2004;45 (3): 161-173.
80. Richardson JE(Mis)representing Islam: The Racism and Rhetoric of British Broadsheet Newspapers. Amsterdam: John Benjamins; 2004:.
81. Roberts RE,Phinney JS,Mass LC,Chen YR,Roberts CR,Romero A.The structure of ethnic identity of young adolescents from diverse ethnocultural groups.Journal of Early Adolescence. 1999;19 (3): 301-322.
82. Robinson L.Cultural identity and acculturation preferences among South Asian adolescents in Britain: an exploratory study.Children and Society. 2009;23 (6): 442-454.
83. Roccas S,Brewer MB.Social identity complexity.Personality and Social Psychology Review. 2002;6:88-106.
84. Scott GM.A resynthesis of the primordial and circumstantial approaches to ethnic group solidarity: towards an explanatory model.Ethnic and Racial Studies. 1990;13 (2): 147-171.
85. Sheridan LP.Islamophobia pre- and post-September 11th 2001.Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2006;21 (3): 317-336.
86. Smaje C.Not just a social construct: theorising on race and ethnicity.Sociology. 1997;31 (2): 307-327.
87. Smith ADThe Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford: Blackwell; 1986:.
88. Smith ADNational Identity. London: Penguin; 1991:.
89. Smith ADNationalism and Modernism. London: Routledge; 1998:.
90. Speller GM (2000) A community in transition: a longitudinal study of place attachment and identity processes in the context of an enforced relocation. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
91. Sternberg RJ,Grigorenko EL,Kidd KK.Intelligence, race, and genetics.American Psychologist. 2005;60:46-59.
92. Tajfel HHuman Groups and Social Categories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1981:.
93. Tajfel H,Turner JCPsychology of Intergroup Relations. Worchel SAustin WG, ed. Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall; 1986:7-24.
94. Taylor SE,Brown JD.Illusion and well-being: a socio-psychological perspective on mental health.Psychological Bulletin. 1988;103:193-210.
95. Tikoo REthnicity and Polity in South Asia. Phukon G, ed. New Delhi: Sage; 2002:34-56.
96. Timotijevic L (2000) Adaptive processes of identity - identity threats of migration. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Surrey, UK.
97. Timotijevic L,Breakwell GM.Migration and threat to identity.Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology. 2000;10:355-372.
98. Triandafyllidou AImmigrants and National Identity in Europe. London: Routledge; 2001:.
99. Turner JC,Hogg MA,Oakes PJ,Reicher SD,Wetherell MRediscovering the Social Group: A Self-categorization Theory. Oxford: Blackwell; 1987:.
100. Vadher K,Barrett M.Boundaries of British in British Indian and Pakistani young adults.Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology. 2009;19:442-458.
101. Van Dijk TARacism and the Press. London: Routledge; 1991:.
102. Verkuyten MThe Social Psychology of Ethnic Identity. Hove: Psychology Press; 2005:.
103. Verkuyten M,van de Calseijde S,De Leur W.Third generation South Moluccans in the Netherlands: the nature of ethnic identity.International Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 1999;25:63-79.
104. Vignoles VL,Chryssochoou X,Breakwell GM.The distinctiveness principle: identity, meaning and the bounds of cultural relativity.Personality and Social Psychology Review. 2000;4:337-354.
105. Vignoles VL,Chryssochoou X,Breakwell GM.Evaluating models of identity motivation: Self-esteem is not the whole story.Self and Identity. 2002;1:201-218.
106. Vignoles VL,Regalia C,Manzi C,Golledge J,Scabini E.Beyond self-esteem: influence of multiple motives on identity construction.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2006;90:308-333.
107. Vugt VM,Hart CM.Social identity as social glue: The origins of group loyalty.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2004;86:585-598.
108. Watson JLBetween Two Cultures: Migrants and Minorities in Britain. Oxford: Blackwell; 1977:.
109. Werbner PDebating Cultural Hybridity: Multi-cultural Identities and the politics of Anti-racism. Werbner PModood T, ed. London: Zed Books; 1997:1-26.
110. Werbner P.Divided loyalties, empowered citizenship? Muslims in Britain.Citizenship Studies. 2000;4 (3): 307-324.
111. Wills TA.Downward comparison principles in social psychology.Psychological Bulletin. 1981;90 (2): 245-271.
112. Zagefka H.The concept of ethnicity in socio-psychological research: definitional issues.International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 2009;33:228-241.