Does rapidity of blood pressure lowering affect outcomes in hypertension treatment?

Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports

Volumn 2, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 255-261

  Wojciechowski, David ^b   Papademetriou, Vasilios ^a  

^a Medical Center   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84866560203     PISSN: 19329520     EISSN: 19329563     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12170-008-0048-6     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al.: Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2003, 42: 1206-1252.
2. Fields LE, Burt VL, Cutler JA, et al.: The burden of adult hypertension in the United States, 1999 to 2000: a rising tide. Hypertension 2004, 44: 398-404.
3. Hajjar I, Kotchen TA: Trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the United States, 1988-2000. JAMA 2003, 290: 199-206.
4. World Health Organization: World Health Report 2002: Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. Available at http://www. who. int/whr/2002. Accessed May 15, 2008.
5. Nesbitt SD, Julius S: Prehypertension: a possible target for antihypertensive medication. Curr Hypertens Rep 2000, 2: 356-361.
6. Collins R, MacMahon S: Blood pressure, antihypertensive drug treatment and the risks of stroke and coronary heart disease. Br Med Bull 1994, 50: 272-298.
7. Stamler J, Stamler R, Neaton JD: Blood pressure, systolic and diastolic, and cardiovascular risks: US population data. Arch Intern Med 1993, 153: 598-615.
8. Kannel WB: Blood pressure as a cardiovascular risk factor: prevention and treatment. JAMA 1996, 275: 1571-1576.
9. Staessen JA, Wang JG, Thijs L: Cardiovascular protection and blood pressure reduction: a meta-analysis. Lancet 2001, 358: 1305-1315.
10. Vasan RS, Larson MG, Leip EP, et al.: Impact of high-normal blood pressure on the risk of cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 2001, 345: 1291-1297.
11. Drexler H: Factors involved in the maintenance of endothelial function. Am J Cardiol 1998, 82: 3S-4S.
12. Unger T: The role of the renin-angiotensin system in the development of cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol 2002, 89: 3A-9A; discussion 10A.
13. Lande K, Os I, Kjeldsen SE, et al.: Increased platelet size and release reaction in essential hypertension. J Hypertens 1987, 5: 401-406.
14. Laragh JH: Vasoconstriction-volume analysis for understanding and treating hypertension: the use of renin and aldosterone profiles. Am J Med 1973, 55: 261-274.
15. Esler M, Julius S, Zweifler A, et al.: Mild high-renin essential hypertension. Neurogenic human hypertension?N Engl J Med 1977, 296: 405-411.
16. Alderman MH, Madhavan S, Ooi WL, et al.: Association of the renin-sodium profile with the risk of myocardial infarction in patients with hypertension. N Engl J Med 1991, 324: 1098-1104.
17. Laragh JH, Baer L, Brunner HR, et al.: Renin, angiotensin and aldosterone system in pathogenesis and management of hypertensive vascular disease. Am J Med 1972, 52: 633-652.
18. Brunner HR, Laragh JH, Baer L, et al.: Essential hypertension: renin and aldosterone, heart attack and stroke. N Engl J Med 1972, 286: 441-449.
19. Duprez DA: Role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in vascular remodeling and inflammation: a clinical review. J Hypertens 2006, 24: 983-991.
20. Schelling P, Fischer H, Ganten D: Angiotensin and cell growth: a link to cardiac hypertrophy?J Hypertens 1991, 9: 3-15.
21. Naftilan A, Pratt RE, Dzau VJ: Induction of platelet-derived growth factor A-chain and c-myc gene expression by angiotensin II in cultured smooth muscle cells. J Clin Invest 1989, 83: 1419-1424.
22. Dietz R, Waas W, Haberbosch W, et al.: Modulation of coronary circulation and the cardiac matrix by the renin angiotensin system. Eur Heart J 1991, 12(Suppl F): 107-111.
23. Weber KT, Brilla CG: Factors associated with reactive and reparative fibrosis of the myocardium. Basic Res Cardiol 1992, 87(Suppl 1): 291-301.
24. Folkow B: Physiologic aspects of primary hypertension. Physiol Rev 1982, 62: 347-504.
25. Brush JE Jr, Cannon RO, Schenke WH, et al.: Angina due to coronary microvascular disease in hypertensive patients without left ventricular hypertrophy. N Engl J Med 1988, 319: 1302-1307.
26. Levy D, Garrison RJ, Savage DD, et al.: Prognostic implications of echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass in the Framingham Heart Study. N Engl J Med 1990, 322: 1561-1566.
27. Julius S, Nesbitt SD, Egan BM, et al.: Feasibility of treating prehypertension with an angiotensin-receptor blocker. N Engl J Med 2006, 354: 1685-1697.
28. Schunkert H: Pharmacotherapy for prehypertension-mission accomplished?N Engl J Med 2006, 354: 1742-1744.
29. Sever PS, Poulter NR, Elliott WJ, et al.: Blood pressure reduction is not the only determinant of outcome. Circulation 2006, 113: 2754-2774.
30. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, et al.: Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002, 360: 1903-1913.
31. ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group: Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic. JAMA 2002, 288: 2981-2997.
32. Lithell H, Hansson L, Skoog I, et al.: The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial. J Hypertens 2003, 21: 875-886.
33. Papademetriou V, Farsang C, Elmfeldt D, et al.: Stroke prevention with the angiotensin II type 1-receptor blocker candesartan in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004, 44: 1175-1180.
34. Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Weber M, et al.: Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomised trial. Lancet 2004, 363: 2022-2031.
35. Weber MA, Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, et al.: Blood pressure dependent and independent effects of antihypertensive treatment on clinical events in the VALUE trial. Lancet 2004, 363: 2049-2051.
36. Bloch MJ, Basile J: Analysis of recent papers in hypertension: there is value in early blood pressure reduction. J Clin Hypertens 2004, 6: 598-600.
37. Staessen JA, Fagard R, Thijs L, et al.: Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. The Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. Lancet 1997, 350: 757-764.
38. Staessen JA, Thijs L, Fagard R, et al.: Effects of immediate versus delayed antihypertensive therapy on outcome in the Systolic Hypertension in Europe Trial. J Hypertens 2004, 22: 847-857.
39. Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, et al.: Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002, 359: 995-1003.
40. Oliveria SA, Lapuerta P, McCarthy BD, et al.: Physician-related barriers to the effective management of uncontrolled hypertension. Arch Intern Med 2002, 162: 413-420.
41. Rainer D: Overcoming barriers to effective blood pressure control in patients with hypertension. Curr Med Res Opin 2006, 22: 1545-1553.