European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. First Edition Introduction

Endoscopy

Volumn 44, Issue SUPPL3, 2012, Pages

  Lansdorp Vogelaar, I ^a   Karsa, L Von ^b  

^a ERASMUS MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^b INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER   (France)

Author keywords

colorectal neoplasms; cost effectiveness; effectiveness; evidence based guidelines; mass screening; population based programme; quality assurance recommendations

Indexed keywords

AGE DISTRIBUTION; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER SCREENING; COLONOSCOPY; COLORECTAL CANCER; COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC COLONOGRAPHY; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; ENDOSCOPY; EUROPE; FECES ANALYSIS; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HUMAN; IMMUNOCHEMISTRY; OCCULT BLOOD; POPULATION RESEARCH; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY CONTROL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SIGMOIDOSCOPY;

CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY; COLONOGRAPHY, COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC; COLONOSCOPY; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER; EUROPEAN UNION; FECES; HUMANS; MASS SCREENING; OCCULT BLOOD; QUALITY ASSURANCE, HEALTH CARE;

EID: 84866538307     PISSN: 0013726X     EISSN: 14388812     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1308898     Document Type: Review

References (144)

1. Ahlquist D. A., Sargent D. J., Levin T. R. et al. Stool DNA screening for colorectal neoplasia: prospective multicenter comparison with occult blood testing. Gastroenterology: 2005; 128 63
2. Allison J. E., Sakoda L. C., Levin T. R. et al. Screening for colorectal neoplasms with new fecal occult blood tests: update on performance characteristics. J Natl Cancer Inst: 2007; 99 1462 1470
3. Allison J. E., Tekawa I. S., Ransom L. J. et al. A comparison of fecal occult-blood tests for colorectal-cancer screening. N Engl J Med: 1996; 334 155 159 (Pubitemid 26017953)
4. Arbyn M., Anttila A., Jordan J. et al. European Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Cervical Cancer Screening. Second edition summary document. Ann Oncol: 2010; 21 448 458
5. Arbyn M., Anttila A., Jordan J. et al. eds. European guidelines for quality assurance in cervical cancer screening. Second edition. Luxembourg European Commission, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities: 2008
6. Arnesen R. B., von Benzon E., Adamsen S. et al. Diagnostic performance of computed tomography colonography and colonoscopy: a prospective and validated analysis of 231 paired examinations. Acta Radiol: 2007; 48 831 837 (Pubitemid 47551921)
7. Atkin W., Valori R., Kuipers EJ et al. European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. First edition. Colonoscopic surveillance following adenoma removal. Endoscopy: 2012; 44
8. Atkin W. S., Edwards R., Kralj-Hans I. et al. Once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening in prevention of colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet: 2010; 375 1624 1633
9. Austoker J., Giordano L., Hewitson P. et al. European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. First edition. Communication. Endoscopy: 2012; 44 SE164 1SE85
10. Baxter N. N., Goldwasser M. A., Paszat L. F. et al. Association of colonoscopy and death from colorectal cancer. Ann Intern Med: 2009; 150 1 8
11. Berchi C., Bouvier V., Reaud J. M. et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of two strategies for mass screening for colorectal cancer in France. Health Econ: 2004; 13 227 238 (Pubitemid 38292480)
12. Bluecross Blueshield Association Special Report. Special report: fecal DNA analysis for colon cancer screening. Technol Eval Cent Asses Program Exec Summ: 2006; 21 1 2
13. Brenner H., Arndt V., Stegmaier C. et al. Reduction of clinically manifest colorectal cancer by endoscopic screening: empirical evaluation and comparison of screening at various ages. Eur J Cancer Prev: 2005; 14 231 237 (Pubitemid 40780446)
14. Brenner H., Chang-Claude J., Seiler C. M. et al. Does a negative screening colonoscopy ever need to be repeated? Gut: 2006; 55 1145 1150 (Pubitemid 44085683)
15. Brenner H., Hoffmeister M., Arndt V. et al. Protection from right- and left-sided colorectal neoplasms after colonoscopy: population-based study. J Natl Cancer Inst: 2010; 102 89 95
16. Castiglione G., Zappa M., Grazzini G. et al. Immunochemical vs guaiac faecal occult blood tests in a population-based screening programme for colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer: 1996; 74 141 144 (Pubitemid 26231992)
17. Chaparro Sanchez M., del Campo V., Mate Jimenez J. et al. Computed tomography colonography compared with conventional colonoscopy for the detection of colorectal polyps. Gastroenterol Hepatol: 2007; 30 375 380 (Pubitemid 47394881)
18. Ciccolallo L., Capocaccia R., Coleman M. P. et al. Survival differences between European and US patients with colorectal cancer: role of stage at diagnosis and surgery. Gut: 2005; 54 268 273 (Pubitemid 40139245)
19. Commission of the European Communities Report from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions Implementation of the Council Recommendation of 2 December 2003 on cancer screening (2003/878/EC). Brussels: 2008; COM(2008) 882 final
20. Commission of the European Communities Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on Action Against Cancer: European Partnership. Brussels European Commission: 2009; COM (2009) 291 final http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph-information/dissemination/diseases/docs/ com-2009-291-en.pdf Accessed 11/2/2012
21. Council of the European Union Council Recommendation of 2 December 2003 on cancer screening (2003/878/EC). Off J Eur Union: 2003; 34 38
22. Council of the European Union Council conclusions on reducing the burden of cancer. 2876th Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs Council meeting. Luxembourg, 910 June 2008 Brussels, Belgium Press Office of the Council of the European Union 10 June 2008; 2008; 10414/08 (Presse 166)
23. Council of the European Union Council conclusions on action against cancer. 3032nd General Affairs Council meeting. Brussels, 13 September 2010 Brussels, Belgium Press Office of the Council of the European Union: 2010; 5021/09
24. Dancourt V., Lejeune C., Lepage C. et al. Immunochemical faecal occult blood tests are superior to guaiac-based tests for the detection of colorectal neoplasms. Eur J Cancer: 2008; 44 2254 2258
25. de Wolf C., Perry N. eds. European guidelines for quality assurance in breast cancer screening. Second edition. Luxembourg European Commission, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities: 1996
26. Ee H. C., Semmens J. B., Hoffman N. E. Complete colonoscopy rarely misses cancer. Gastrointest Endosc: 2002; 55 167 171 (Pubitemid 41115177)
27. Eliakim R., Yassin K., Niv Y. et al. Prospective multicenter performance evaluation of the second-generation colon capsule compared with colonoscopy. Endoscopy: 2009; 41 1026 1031
28. European Parliament European Parliament Resolution on Breast Cancer in the European Union. 2004; (2002/2279(INI)). OJ C 68 E (18 March 2004): 611 617
29. European Parliament European Parliament Resolution on Breast Cancer in the Enlarged European Union. 2006; P6-TA(2006)0449.
30. European Parliament European Parliament resolution of 10 April on combating cancer in the enlarged European Union. 2008; P6-TA-PROV(2008)0121.
31. Faivre J., Dancourt V., Lejeune C. et al. Reduction in colorectal cancer mortality by fecal occult blood screening in a French controlled study. Gastroenterology: 2004; 126 1674 1680 (Pubitemid 38736331)
32. Ferlay J., Parkin D. M., Steliarova-Foucher E. Estimates of cancer incidence and mortality in Europe in 2008. Eur J Cancer: 2010; 46 765 781
33. Ferlay J., Shin H. R., Bray F. et al. GLOBOCAN 2008 v1.2, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC. CancerBase No. 10 [Internet]. 2010: http://globocan.iarc.fr Accessed 1/9/2011
34. Fireman Z., Kopelman Y. The colon the latest terrain for capsule endoscopy. Dig Liver Dis: 2007; 39 895 899 (Pubitemid 47354980)
35. Gay G., Delvaux M., Frederic M. et al. Could the Colonic Capsule PillCam Colon Be Clinically Useful for Selecting Patients Who Deserve a Complete Colonoscopy?: Results of Clinical Comparison With Colonoscopy in the Perspective of Colorectal Cancer Screening. Am J Gastroenterol: 2010; 105 1076 1086
36. Giordano L., Webster P., Anthony C. et al. Improving the quality of communication in organised cervical cancer screening programmes. Patient.Educ.Couns: 2008; 72 130 136 (Pubitemid 351763872)
37. Giordano L., Webster P., Segnan N. et al. Guidance on breast screening communication. In: Perry N., Broeders M., de Wolf C. et al., eds. European guidelines for quality assurance in breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Fourth edition. Luxembourg Office for Official Publications of the European Communities: 2006; 379 394
38. Gondal G., Grotmol T., Hofstad B. et al. The Norwegian Colorectal Cancer Prevention (NORCCAP) screening study: baseline findings and implementations for clinical work-up in age groups 5064 years. Scand J Gastroenterol: 2003; 38 635 642 (Pubitemid 36724043)
39. Guittet L., Bouvier V., Mariotte N. et al. Comparison of a guaiac based and an immunochemical faecal occult blood test in screening for colorectal cancer in a general average risk population. Gut: 2007; 56 210 214
40. Halligan S., Altman D. G., Taylor S. A. et al. CT colonography in the detection of colorectal polyps and cancer: systematic review, meta-analysis, and proposed minimum data set for study level reporting. Radiology: 2005; 237 893 904 (Pubitemid 41636379)
41. Halloran S., Launoy G., Zappa M. European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. First edition. Faecal Occult Blood Testing. Endoscopy: 2012; 44 SE65 SE87
42. Hanselaar A. G. Criteria for organized cervical screening programs. Special emphasis on The Netherlands program. Acta Cytol: 2002; 46 619 629 (Pubitemid 34787417)
43. Hardcastle J. D., Chamberlain J. O., Robinson M. H. et al. Randomised controlled trial of faecal-occult-blood screening for colorectal cancer. Lancet: 1996; 348 1472 1477 (Pubitemid 26400242)
44. Heresbach D., Manfredi S., D'halluin P. N. et al. Review in depth and meta-analysis of controlled trials on colorectal cancer screening by faecal occult blood test. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol: 2006; 18 427 433
45. Hewitson P., Glasziou P., Irwig L. et al. Screening for colorectal cancer using the faecal occult blood test, Hemoccult. Cochrane Database Syst Rev: 2007
46. Hoepffner N., Shastri Y. M., Hanisch E. et al. Comparative evaluation of a new bedside faecal occult blood test in a prospective multicentre study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther: 2006; 23 145 154 (Pubitemid 43381178)
47. Hoff G., Grotmol T., Skovlund E. et al. Risk of colorectal cancer seven years after flexible sigmoidoscopy screening: randomised controlled trial. BMJ: 2009; 338 b1846
48. Hofstad B. Colon Polyps: Prevalence Rates, Incidence Rates, and Growth Rates. In: Waye J., Rex D. K., Williams C. B., eds Colonoscopy: Principles and Practice. Oxford Blackwell Publishing Ltd: 2003; 358 376
49. Huang E. H., Whelan R. L., Gleason N. R. et al. Increased incidence of colorectal adenomas in follow-up evaluation of patients with newly diagnosed hyperplastic polyps. Surg Endosc: 2001; 15 646 648 (Pubitemid 32622606)
50. Hughes K., Leggett B., Del M. C. et al. Guaiac versus immunochemical tests: faecal occult blood test screening for colorectal cancer in a rural community. Aust N Z J Public Health: 2005; 29 358 364 (Pubitemid 41670838)
51. Imperiale T. F., Ransohoff D. F., Itzkowitz S. H. et al. Fecal DNA versus fecal occult blood for colorectal-cancer screening in an average-risk population. N Engl J Med: 2004; 351 2704 2714 (Pubitemid 39665324)
52. Imperiale T. F., Wagner D. R., Lin C. Y. et al. Results of screening colonoscopy among persons 40 to 49 years of age. N Engl J Med: 2002; 346 1781 1785 (Pubitemid 34586913)
53. Itzkowitz S., Brand R., Jandorf L. et al. A simplified, noninvasive stool DNA test for colorectal cancer detection. Am J Gastroenterol: 2008; 103 2862 2870
54. Jemal A., Siegel R., Ward E. et al. Cancer statistics, 2008. CA Cancer J Clin: 2008; 58 71 96 (Pubitemid 351521864)
55. Jensch S., de Vries A. H., Peringa J. et al. CT colonography with limited bowel preparation: performance characteristics in an increased-risk population. Radiology: 2008; 247 122 132
56. Kahi C. J., Imperiale T. F., Juliar B. E. et al. Effect of screening colonoscopy on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol: 2009; 7 770 775
57. Kavanagh A. M., Giovannucci E. L., Fuchs C. S. et al. Screening endoscopy and risk of colorectal cancer in United States men. Cancer Causes Control: 1998; 9 455 462 (Pubitemid 28466699)
58. Kerr J., Day P., Broadstock M. et al. Systematic review of the effectiveness of population screening for colorectal cancer. N Z Med J: 2007; 120 U2629
59. Kim D. H., Lee S. Y., Choi K. S. et al. The usefulness of colonoscopy as a screening test for detecting colorectal polyps. Hepatogastroenterology: 2007; 54 2240 2242
60. Ko C. W., Dominitz J. A., Nguyen T. D. Fecal occult blood testing in a general medical clinic: comparison between guaiac-based and immunochemical-based tests. Am J Med: 2003; 115 111 114 (Pubitemid 37288838)
61. Kronborg O., Fenger C., Olsen J. et al. Randomised study of screening for colorectal cancer with faecal-occult-blood test. Lancet: 1996; 348 1467 1471 (Pubitemid 26400241)
62. Ladabaum U., Chopra C. L., Huang G. et al. Aspirin as an adjunct to screening for prevention of sporadic colorectal cancer. A cost-effectiveness analysis. Ann Intern Med: 2001; 135 769 781 (Pubitemid 33051261)
63. Lejeune C., Arveux P., Dancourt V. et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of fecal occult blood screening for colorectal cancer. Int J Technol Assess Health Care: 2004; 20 434 439 (Pubitemid 39491490)
64. Li S., Wang H., Hu J. et al. New immunochemical fecal occult blood test with two-consecutive stool sample testing is a cost-effective approach for colon cancer screening: results of a prospective multicenter study in Chinese patients. Int J Cancer: 2006; 118 3078 3083
65. Lieberman D. A., Weiss D. G. One-time screening for colorectal cancer with combined fecal occult-blood testing and examination of the distal colon. N Engl J Med: 2001; 345 555 560 (Pubitemid 32772096)
66. Lieberman D. A., Weiss D. G., Bond J. H. et al. Use of colonoscopy to screen asymptomatic adults for colorectal cancer. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group 380. N Engl J Med: 2000; 343 162 168 (Pubitemid 30489212)
67. Lieberman D. A., Weiss D. G., Harford W. V. et al. Five-year colon surveillance after screening colonoscopy. Gastroenterology: 2007; 133 1077 1085 (Pubitemid 47494453)
68. Lindholm E., Brevinge H., Haglind E. Survival benefit in a randomized clinical trial of faecal occult blood screening for colorectal cancer. Br J Surg: 2008; 95 1029 1036
69. Loganayagam A. Faecal screening of colorectal cancer. Int J Clin Pract: 2008; 62 454 459 (Pubitemid 351197410)
70. Malila N., Senore C., Armaroli P. European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. First edition. Organisation. Endoscopy: 2012; 44 SE31 SE48
71. Mandel J. S., Bond J. H., Church T. R. et al. Reducing mortality from colorectal cancer by screening for fecal occult blood. Minnesota Colon Cancer Control Study. N Engl J Med: 1993; 328 1365 1371 (Pubitemid 23131388)
72. Mandel J. S., Church T. R., Ederer F. et al. Colorectal cancer mortality: effectiveness of biennial screening for fecal occult blood. J Natl Cancer Inst: 1999; 91 434 437 (Pubitemid 29128279)
73. Minozzi S., Armaroli P., Banzi R. et al. European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis First edition. Appendix 1: Systematic evidence review: 2010; http://bookshop.europa.eu/en/european- guidelines-for-quality-assurance-in-colorectal-cancer-screening-and-diagnosis- pbND3210390/ Accessed 11/2/2012
74. Minozzi S., Armaroli P., Segnan N. European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. First edition. Principles of evidence assessment and methods for reaching recommendations. Endoscopy: 2012; 44 SE9 SE14
75. Morson B. C. The evolution of colorectal carcinoma. Clin Radiol: 1984; 35 425 431 (Pubitemid 15210532)
76. Moss S., Ancelle-Park R., Brenner H. European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. First edition. Evaluation and interpretation of screening outcomes. Endoscopy: 2012; 44 SE49 SE64
77. Mulhall B. P., Veerappan G. R., Jackson J. L. Meta-analysis: computed tomographic colonography. Ann Intern Med: 2005; 142 635 650 (Pubitemid 40529961)
78. Muller A. D., Sonnenberg A. Protection by endoscopy against death from colorectal cancer. A case-control study among veterans. Arch Intern Med: 1995; 155 1741 1748
79. Muto T., Bussey H. J., Morson B. C. The evolution of cancer of the colon and rectum. Cancer: 1975; 36 2251 2270
80. Nakajima M., Saito H., Soma Y. et al. Prevention of advanced colorectal cancer by screening using the immunochemical faecal occult blood test: a case-control study. Br J Cancer: 2003; 89 23 28 (Pubitemid 36897930)
81. Newcomb P. A., Norfleet R. G., Storer B. E. et al. Screening sigmoidoscopy and colorectal cancer mortality. J Natl Cancer Inst: 1992; 84 1572 1575
82. Pabby A., Suneja A., Heeren T. et al. Flexible sigmoidoscopy for colorectal cancer screening in the elderly. Dig Dis Sci: 2005; 50 2147 2152 (Pubitemid 41504104)
83. Parekh M., Fendrick A. M., Ladabaum U. As tests evolve and costs of cancer care rise: reappraising stool-based screening for colorectal neoplasia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther: 2008; 27 697 712 (Pubitemid 351406306)
84. Perry N., Broeders M., de Wolf C. et al. European guidelines for quality assurance in breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Fourth edition summary document. Ann Oncol: 2008; 19 614 622 (Pubitemid 351461029)
85. Perry N., Broeders M., de Wolf C. et al. European guidelines for quality assurance in breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Fourth edition. Luxembourg European Commission, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities: 2006
86. Perry N., de Wolf C., Törnberg S. et al. (eds.) European guidelines for quality assurance in mammography screening. Third edition. Luxembourg European Commission, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities: 2001
87. Pickhardt P. J., Hassan C., Laghi A. et al. Cost-effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening with computed tomography colonography: the impact of not reporting diminutive lesions. Cancer: 2007; 109 2213 2221 (Pubitemid 46801550)
88. Pignone M., Rich M., Teutsch S. M. et al. Screening for colorectal cancer in adults at average risk: a summary of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med: 2002; 137 132 141 (Pubitemid 34779159)
89. Pignone M., Saha S., Hoerger T. et al. Cost-effectiveness analyses of colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med: 2002; 137 96 104 (Pubitemid 34779153)
90. Platell C. F., Philpott G., Olynyk J. K. Flexible sigmoidoscopy screening for colorectal neoplasia in average-risk people: evaluation of a five-year rescreening interval. Med J Aust: 2002; 176 371 373 (Pubitemid 34436145)
91. Prorok P. C., Andriole G. L., Bresalier R. S. et al. Design of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. Control Clin Trials: 2000; 21 273S 309S
92. Purkayastha S., Athanasiou T., Tekkis P. P. et al. Magnetic resonance colonography vs computed tomography colonography for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer: an indirect comparison. Colorectal Dis: 2007; 9 100 111 (Pubitemid 46111592)
93. Quirke P., Risio M., Lambert R. et al. European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. First edition. Quality assurance in pathology in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. Endoscopy: 2012; 44
94. Rainis T., Keren D., Goldstein O. et al. Diagnostic yield and safety of colonoscopy in Israeli patients in an open access referral system. J Clin Gastroenterol: 2007; 41 394 399 (Pubitemid 46573069)
95. Rasmussen M., Fenger C., Kronborg O. Diagnostic yield in a biennial Hemoccult-II screening program compared to a once-only screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy and Hemoccult-II. Scand J Gastroenterol: 2003; 38 114 118 (Pubitemid 36152874)
96. Rasmussen M., Kronborg O., Fenger C. et al. Possible advantages and drawbacks of adding flexible sigmoidoscopy to hemoccult-II in screening for colorectal cancer. A randomized study. Scand J Gastroenterol: 1999; 34 73 78 (Pubitemid 29074790)
97. Regula J., Rupinski M., Kraszewska E. et al. Colonoscopy in colorectal-cancer screening for detection of advanced neoplasia. N Engl J Med: 2006; 355 1863 1872 (Pubitemid 44664644)
98. Reuterskiold M. H., Lasson A., Svensson E. et al. Diagnostic performance of computed tomography colonography in symptomatic patients and in patients with increased risk for colorectal disease. Acta Radiol: 2006; 47 888 898 (Pubitemid 44673492)
99. Rex D. K., Cummings O. W., Helper D. J. et al. 5-year incidence of adenomas after negative colonoscopy in asymptomatic average-risk persons. [see comment] Gastroenterology: 1996; 111 1178 1181 (Pubitemid 26362241)
100. Roberts-Thomson I. C., Tucker G. R., Hewett P. J. et al. Single-center study comparing computed tomography colonography with conventional colonoscopy. World J Gastroenterol: 2008; 14 469 473 (Pubitemid 351320858)
101. Rosman A. S., Korsten M. A. Meta-analysis comparing CT colonography, air contrast barium enema, and colonoscopy. Am J Med: 2007; 120 203 210
102. Rozen P., Knaani J., Samuel Z. Comparative screening with a sensitive guaiac and specific immunochemical occult blood test in an endoscopic study. Cancer: 2000; 89 46 52 (Pubitemid 30451272)
103. Rundle A. G., Lebwohl B., Vogel R. et al. Colonoscopic screening in average-risk individuals ages 40 to 49 vs 50 to 59 years. Gastroenterology: 2008; 134 1311 1315 (Pubitemid 351615369)
104. Saito H., Soma Y., Koeda J. et al. Reduction in risk of mortality from colorectal cancer by fecal occult blood screening with immunochemical hemagglutination test. A case-control study. Int J Cancer: 1995; 61 465 469
105. Saito H., Soma Y., Nakajima M. et al. A case-control study evaluating occult blood screening for colorectal cancer with hemoccult test and an immunochemical hemagglutination test. Oncol Rep: 2000; 7 815 819
106. Schoen R. E., Pinsky P. F., Weissfeld J. L. et al. Results of repeat sigmoidoscopy 3 years after a negative examination. JAMA: 2003; 290 41 48 (Pubitemid 37432864)
107. Schoenfeld P., Cash B., Flood A. et al. Colonoscopic screening of average-risk women for colorectal neoplasia. N Engl J Med: 2005; 352 2061 2068 (Pubitemid 40664307)
108. Scholefield J. H., Moss S., Sufi F. et al. Effect of faecal occult blood screening on mortality from colorectal cancer: results from a randomised controlled trial. Gut: 2002; 50 840 844 (Pubitemid 34539047)
109. Segnan N., Patnick J., Karsa L. von. (eds.) European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. First edition. Luxembourg European Commission, Publications Office of the European Union: 2010
110. Segnan N., Senore C., Andreoni B. et al. Randomized trial of different screening strategies for colorectal cancer: patient response and detection rates. J Natl Cancer Inst: 2005; 97 347 357 (Pubitemid 40425953)
111. Segnan N., Senore C., Andreoni B. et al. Baseline findings of the Italian multicenter randomized controlled trial of "once-only sigmoidoscopyo" SCORE. J Natl Cancer Inst: 2002; 94 1763 1772 (Pubitemid 36007754)
112. Segnan N., Senore C., Andreoni B. et al. Comparing attendance and detection rate of colonoscopy with sigmoidoscopy and FIT for colorectal cancer screening. Gastroenterology: 2007; 132 2304 2312 (Pubitemid 46900821)
113. Selby J. V., Friedman G. D., Quesenberry C. P Jr et al. A case-control study of screening sigmoidoscopy and mortality from colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med: 1992; 326 653 657
114. Sieg A., Brenner H. Cost-saving analysis of screening colonoscopy in Germany. Z Gastroenterol: 2007; 45 945 951 (Pubitemid 47581173)
115. Sieg A., Friedrich K., Sieg U. Is PillCam COLON capsule endoscopy ready for colorectal cancer screening? A prospective feasibility study in a community gastroenterology practice. Am J Gastroenterol: 2009; 104 848 854
116. Singh H., Turner D., Xue L. et al. Risk of developing colorectal cancer following a negative colonoscopy examination: evidence for a 10-year interval between colonoscopies. JAMA: 2006; 295 2366 2373 (Pubitemid 43788104)
117. Smith A., Young G. P., Cole S. R. et al. Comparison of a brush-sampling fecal immunochemical test for hemoglobin with a sensitive guaiac-based fecal occult blood test in detection of colorectal neoplasia. Cancer: 2006; 107 2152 2159 (Pubitemid 44665648)
118. Song K., Fendrick A. M., Ladabaum U. Fecal DNA testing compared with conventional colorectal cancer screening methods: a decision analysis. Gastroenterology: 2004; 126 1270 1279 (Pubitemid 38552791)
119. Sosna J., Morrin M. M., Kruskal J. B. et al. CT colonography of colorectal polyps: a metaanalysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol: 2003; 181 1593 1598 (Pubitemid 37466537)
120. Steele RJC, Pox C., Kuipers E. et al. European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. First edition. Management of lesions detected in colorectal cancer screening. Endoscopy: 2012; 44 SE140 SE150
121. Steele RJC, Rey J-F, Lambert R. European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. First edition. Professional requirements and training. Endoscopy: 2012; 44 SE88 SE105
122. Tappenden P., Chilcott J., Eggington S. et al. Option appraisal of population-based colorectal cancer screening programmes in England. Gut: 2007; 56 677 684 (Pubitemid 46662935)
123. Thiis-Evensen E., Hoff G. S., Sauar J. et al. Population-based surveillance by colonoscopy: effect on the incidence of colorectal cancer. Telemark Polyp Study I. Scand J Gastroenterol: 1999; 34 414 420 (Pubitemid 29232378)
124. Tran K. Capsule colonoscopy: PillCam Colon. Issues Emerg Health Technol: 2007; 1 4
125. UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening Trial Investigators Single flexible sigmoidoscopy screening to prevent colorectal cancer: baseline findings of a UK multicentre randomised trial. Lancet: 2002; 359 1291 1300
126. Valori R., Rey J-F, Atkin W. et al. European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. First edition. Quality assurance in endoscopy in colorectal screening and diagnosis. Endoscopy: 2012; 44 SE88 SE105
127. Van Gossum A., Munoz-Navas M., Fernandez-Urien I. et al. Capsule endoscopy versus colonoscopy for the detection of polyps and cancer. N Engl J Med: 2009; 361 264 270
128. van Rossum L. G., van Rijn A. F., Laheij R. J. et al. Random comparison of guaiac and immunochemical fecal occult blood tests for colorectal cancer in a screening population. Gastroenterology: 2008; 135 82 90 (Pubitemid 351899018)
129. Vijan S., Hwang I., Inadomi J. et al. The cost-effectiveness of CT colonography in screening for colorectal neoplasia. Am J Gastroenterol: 2007; 102 380 390 (Pubitemid 46160552)
130. von Karsa L. Mammographie Screening umfassendes, populationsbezogenes Qualitätsmanagement ist hier gefragt! Mammography screening comprehensive, population-based quality assurance is required! Zeitschrift für Allgemeinmedizin: 1995; 71 1863 1867
131. von Karsa L., Anttila A., Ronco G. et al. Cancer Screening in the European Union. Report on the implementation of the Council Recommendation on Cancer Screening First Report Luxembourg European Commission: 2008; http://ec.europa.eu/health/archive/ph-determinants/genetics/documents/ cancer-screening.pdf Accessed 11/2/2012
132. von Karsa L., Lignini T. A., Patnick J. et al. The dimensions of the CRC problem. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol: 2010; 24 381 396
133. Walleser S., Griffiths A., Lord S. J. et al. What is the value of computered tomography colonography in patients screening positive for fecal occult blood? A systematic review and economic evaluation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol: 2007; 5 1439 1446 (Pubitemid 350181603)
134. Walsh J. M., Terdiman J. P. Colorectal cancer screening: scientific review. JAMA: 2003; 289 1288 1296 (Pubitemid 37432910)
135. Whitlock E. P., Lin J. S., Liles E. et al. Screening for colorectal cancer: a targeted, updated systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med: 2008; 149 638 658
136. Whynes D. K. Cost-effectiveness of screening for colorectal cancer: evidence from the Nottingham faecal occult blood trial. J Med Screen: 2004; 11 11 15 (Pubitemid 38365689)
137. Wilson J. M., Jungner Y. G. Principles and practice of mass screening for disease. World Health Organization: 1968; http://whqlibdoc.who.int/php/WHO-PHP- 34.pdf Accessed 11/2/2012
138. Winawer S. J., Fletcher R. H., Miller L. et al. Colorectal cancer screening: clinical guidelines and rationale. Gastroenterology: 1997; 112 594 642 (Pubitemid 27078848)
139. Winawer S. J., Zauber A. G., Ho M. N. The National Polyp Study Workgroup et al. Prevention of colorectal cancer by colonoscopic polypectomy. N Engl J Med: 1993; 329 1977 1981 (Pubitemid 24015040)
140. Wong B. C., Wong W. M., Cheung K. L. et al. A sensitive guaiac faecal occult blood test is less useful than an immunochemical test for colorectal cancer screening in a Chinese population. Aliment Pharmacol Ther: 2003; 18 941 946 (Pubitemid 37346679)
141. Yamaji Y., Mitsushima T., Ikuma H. et al. Incidence and recurrence rates of colorectal adenomas estimated by annually repeated colonoscopies on asymptomatic Japanese. Gut: 2004; 53 568 572 (Pubitemid 38372983)
142. Zappa M., Castiglione G., Paci E. et al. Measuring interval cancers in population-based screening using different assays of fecal occult blood testing: the District of Florence experience. Int J Cancer: 2001; 92 151 154 (Pubitemid 32187045)
143. Zauber A. G., Lansdorp-Vogelaar I., Wilschut J. et al. Cost-effectiveness of DNA stool testing to screen for colorectal cancer. Report to AHRQ and CMS from the Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) for MISCAN and SimCRC Models. December 20: 2007
144. Zheng S., Chen K., Liu X. et al. Cluster randomization trial of sequence mass screening for colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum: 2003; 46 51 58 (Pubitemid 36105831)