The impact of new vaccine introduction on immunization and health systems: A review of the published literature

Vaccine

Volumn 30, Issue 45, 2012, Pages 6347-6358

  Hyde, Terri B ^a   Dentz, Holly ^a   Wang, Susan A ^b   Burchett, Helen E ^c   Mounier Jack, Sandra ^c   Mantel, Carsten F ^b   Gindler, Jacqueline ^a   Goldstein, Susan T ^a   Gordon, W Scott ^d   Brenzel, Logan ^e   Shearer, Jessica C ^f   Favin, Michael ^g,h  

^a CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

^b WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

^c LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^d PATH   (United States)

^e Cascadia Health and Development   (Trinidad and Tobago)

^f MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^g The Manoff Group   (United States)

^h Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP)   (United States)

Author keywords

Health system; Immunization program; Introduction; New vaccines; Under utilized vaccines

Indexed keywords

DIPHTHERIA PERTUSSIS TETANUS VACCINE; HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B VACCINE; HEPATITIS A VACCINE; HEPATITIS B VACCINE; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VACCINE; MENINGOCOCCUS VACCINE; PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE; POLIOMYELITIS VACCINE; ROTAVIRUS VACCINE; VACCINE; WART VIRUS VACCINE;

DRUG UTILIZATION; EPIDEMIC MENINGITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS B; HUMAN; IMMUNIZATION; INFLUENZA; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; MENINGOCOCCOSIS; PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION; POLIOMYELITIS; PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; ROTAVIRUS INFECTION; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIA; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TYPHOID FEVER; VACCINATION;

DEVELOPED COUNTRIES; HEALTH CARE COSTS; HUMANS; IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMS; VACCINATION; VACCINES;

EID: 84866500949     PISSN: 0264410X     EISSN: 18732518     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.029     Document Type: Review

References (141)

1. Hadler S.C., Dietz V.J., Okwo-Bele J.M., Cutts F.T. Immunization in developing countries. Vaccines 2008, 1541-1572. Elsevier Inc., Philadeplhia. S.A. Plotkin, W.A. Orenstein, P.A. Offit (Eds.).
2. World Health Organization Everybody business: strengthening health systems to improve health outcomes: WHO's framework for action 2007, WHO Press, Geneva.
3. Nakhla I., Frenck R.W., Teleb N.A., El Oun S., Sultan Y., Mansour H., et al. The changing epidemiology of meningococcal meningitis after introduction of bivalent A/C polysaccharide vaccine into school-based vaccination programs in Egypt. Vaccine 2005, 23(May(25)):3288-3293.
4. Miller E., Salisbury D., Ramsay M. Planning, registration, and implementation of an immunisation campaign against meningococcal serogroup C disease in the UK: a success story. Vaccine 2001, 20(October(Suppl. 1)):S58-S67.
5. Leask J., Jackson C., Trevena L., McCaffery K., Brotherton J. Implementation of the Australian HPV vaccination program for adult women: qualitative key informant interviews. Vaccine 2009, 27(September(40)):5505-5512.
6. DeRoeck D., Ochiai R.L., Yang J., Anh D.D., Alag V., Clemens J.D. Typhoid vaccination: the Asian experience. Expert Rev Vaccines 2008, 7(July(5)):547-560.
7. Campbell H., Borrow R., Salisbury D., Miller E. Meningococcal C conjugate vaccine: the experience in England and Wales. Vaccine 2009, 27(June(Suppl. 2)):B20-B29.
8. Borruto F., Hoppenbrouwers K. HPV vaccination in adolescents: from clinical data to implementation and practice. Curr Cancer Ther Rev 2010, 6(2):138-142.
9. Bettinger J.A., Scheifele D.W., Le Saux N., Halperin S.A., Vaudry W., Tsang R., et al. The impact of childhood meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine programs in Canada. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009, 28(March(3)):220-224.
10. Agtini M.D., Ochiai R.L., Soeharno R., Lee H.J., Sundoro J., Hadinegoro S.R., et al. Introducing Vi polysaccharide typhoid fever vaccine to primary school children in North Jakarta, Indonesia, via an existent school-based vaccination platform. Public Health 2006, 120(November(11)):1081-1087.
11. Szilagyi P.G., Griffin M.R., Shone L.P., Bartha R., Zhu Y., Schaffer S., et al. The impact of conjugate pneumococcal vaccination on routine childhood vaccination and primary care use in 2 counties. Pediatrics 2006, 118(October(4)):1394-1402.
12. Kalies H., Grote V., Verstraeten T., Hessel L., Schmitt H-J., von Kries R. The use of combination vaccines has improved timeliness of vaccination in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006, 25(June(6)):507-512.
13. Chunsuttiwat S., Biggs B.A., Maynard J., Thamapalo S., Laoboripat S., Bovornsin S., et al. Integration of hepatitis B vaccination into the expanded programme on immunization in Chonburi and Chiangmai provinces, Thailand. Vaccine 1997, 15(April-May(6-7)):769-774.
14. Centers for Disease Control Prevention Global progress toward universal childhood hepatitis B vaccination, 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2003, 52(September(36)):868-870.
15. Cabezas C., Echevarria C., Gomez G., Gotuzzo E. Pilot program of immunization against viral hepatitis B, integrated in the extended immunization program in Abancay (peru). Rev Gastroenterol Peru 1995, 15(September-December(3)):215-222.
16. Brotherton J.M.L., Deeks S.L., Campbell-Lloyd S., Misrachi A., Passaris I., Peterson K., et al. Interim estimates of human papillomavirus vaccination coverage in the school-based program in Australia. Commun Dis Intell 2008, 32(December(4)):457-461.
17. De Wals P., Boulianne N., Sevin E., Ouakki M., Deceuninck G., Guay M. Uptake of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: methodological issues in measurement and impact of publicly funded programs. Can J Public Health 2009, 100(6):413-416.
18. Dobson S., Scheifele D., Bell A. Assessment of a universal, school-based hepatitis B vaccination program. JAMA 1995, 274(October(15)):1209-1213.
19. Goh K.T. Prevention and control of hepatitis B virus infection in Singapore. Annals Acad Med Singapore 1997, 26(September(5)):671-681.
20. Jiang H., Zhang M., Liang J., Deng C., Cheng A. Evaluation on immunization effect of hepatitis B vaccine of GAVI project in Fukang City, Xinjiang. Endemic Dis Bull/Di Fang Bing Tong Bao 2010, 25(2):27-28.
21. Chien Y.-C., Jan C.-F., Kuo H.-S., Chen C.-J. Nationwide hepatitis B vaccination program in Taiwan: effectiveness in the 20 years after it was launched. Epidemiol Rev 2006, 28:126-135.
22. Wenger J.D., DiFabio J., Landaverde J.M., Levine O.S., Gaafar T. Introduction of Hib conjugate vaccines in the non-industrialized world: experience in four 'newly adopting' countries. Vaccine 1999, 18(November(7-8)):736-742.
23. Green D., Catlow D. Immunisation against human papilloma virus in a primary care trust: a report on the first three months of the national campaign. J Infect Prev 2009, 10(3):112-115.
24. Scheifele D. Hib conjugate vaccines: lessons learned. Int J Clin Pract Suppl 2001, (February(Suppl. 118)):8-9.
25. Bigham M., Remple V.P., Pielak K., McIntyre C., White R., Wu W. Uptake and behavioural and attitudinal determinants of immunization in an expanded routine infant hepatitis B vaccination program in British Columbia. Can J Public Health 2006, 97(March-April(2)):90-95.
26. Salisbury D.M. The introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b immunization into the United Kingdom: practical steps to assure success. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998, 17(September(9 Suppl.)):S136-S139.
27. Shefer A., Markowitz L., Deeks S., Tam T., Irwin K., Garland S.M., et al. Early experience with human papillomavirus vaccine introduction in the United States, Canada and Australia. Vaccine 2008, 26(August(Suppl. 10)):K68-K75.
28. Salisbury D. Introduction of a conjugate meningococcal type C vaccine programme in the UK. J Paediatr Child Health 2001, 37(October(5)):S34-S36. discussion 7.
29. Dagan R., Fraser D., Roitman M., Slater P., Anis E., Ashkenazi S., et al. Effectiveness of a nationwide infant immunization program against Haemophilus influenzae b. The Israeli Pediatric Bacteremia and Meningitis Group. Vaccine 1999, 17(January(2)):134-141.
30. Hanna J.N., Bullen R.C., Ziegler C.L., Akee T., Dostie B.G., Lort-Phillips K. An assessment of the implementation of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccination program for Aboriginal and Torres Strait infants in north Queensland. Commun Dis Intell 2003, 27(2):262-266.
31. Garpenholt O., Silfverdal S.A., Levin L.A. Economic evaluation of general childhood vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b in Sweden. Scand J Infect Dis 1998, 30(1):5-10.
32. Brotherton J.M.L., Leask J., Jackson C., McCaffery K., Trevena L.J. National survey of general practitioners experience of delivering the national human papillomavirus vaccination program. Sexual Health 2010, 7(3):291-298.
33. Breen D. Pneumococcal vaccination programme in over 65s and at-risk groups: the Dumfries and Galloway experience. Commun Dis Public Health 2003, 6(September(3)):228-230.
34. More Nurses Needed for HPV Scheme Community Pract 2008, 81(10):4-7.
35. Henderson C.E., Rich J.D., Lally M.A., Henderson C.E., Rich J.D., Lally M.A. HPV vaccination practices among juvenile justice facilities in the United States. J Adolesc Health 2010, 46(May(5)):495-498.
36. Ushiur F., Patigul, Liu Q. Survey and analysis of hepatitis B virus vaccine application in Xinjiang from 2003 to 2006. Endemic Dis Bull/Di Fang Bing Tong Bao 2008, 23(6):25-26. 9.
37. Chihota V., Tswana S.A. Hepatitis B prevention and vaccination in Zimbabwe. S Afr J Epidemiol Infect 2002, 17(3/4(Supplement)):60-62.
38. Yuan J., Wang M., Liang J., Xu J., Li T., Wang D., et al. Analysis of the vaccination program after Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, 2008. J Trop Med (Guangzhou) 2008, 8(8):833-835.
39. Landaverde M., Di Fabio J.L., Ruocco G., Leal I., de Quadros C. Introduction of a conjugate vaccine against Hib in Chile and Uruguay. Rev Panam Salud Publica 1999, 5(March(3)):200-206.
40. Danovaro-Holliday M.C., Garcia S., de Quadros C., Tambini G., Andrus J.K. Progress in vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b in the Americas. PLoS Med 2008, 5(April(4)):e87.
41. Stroffolini T., Pasquini P., Mele A. A nationwide vaccination programme in Italy against hepatitis B virus infection in infants of hepatitis B surface antigen-carrier mothers. Vaccine 1989, 7(2):152-154.
42. Griffiths U.K., Korczak V.S., Ayalew D., Yigzaw A. Incremental system costs of introducing combined DTwP-hepatitis B-Hib vaccine into national immunization services in Ethiopia. Vaccine 2009, 27(February(9)):1426-1432.
43. Bettinger J.A., Scheifele D.W., Kellner J.D., Halperin S.A., Vaudry W., Law B., et al. The effect of routine vaccination on invasive pneumococcal infections in Canadian children, Immunization Monitoring Program, Active 2000-2007. Vaccine 2010, 28(February(9)):2130-2136.
44. Bhimma R., Coovadia H.M., Adhikari M., Connolly C.A. The impact of the hepatitis B virus vaccine on the incidence of hepatitis B virus-associated membranous nephropathy. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003, 157(October(10)):1025-1030.
45. Brotherton J.M.L., Mullins R.M. Estimating coverage of the National HPV Vaccination Program: where are we at?. Med J Aust 2009, 191(August(3)):188.
46. O'Hallahan J., McNicholas A., Galloway Y., O'Leary E., Roseveare C. Delivering a safe and effective strain-specific vaccine to control an epidemic of group B meningococcal disease. N Z Med J 2009, 122(1291):48-59.
47. Pan X.H., Sun L.Y., Wang C.L., Zhu J., Fu Z.W., Zeng Z.C., et al. Epidemiological characteristics and related influencing factors on Japanese encephalitis in Hainan Province. Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi=Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi 2009, 30(May(5)):471-474. [Chinese].
48. Gong J., Li R.-C., Yang J.-Y., Li Y.-P., Chen X.-R., Xu Z.-Y., et al. Long-term efficacy of infant hepatitis B immunization program. Chung Hua Kan Tsang Ping Tsa Chih 2003, 11(April(4)):203-205.
49. Daza P., Banda R., Misoya K., Katsulukuta A., Gessner B.D., Katsande R., et al. The impact of routine infant immunization with Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in Malawi, a country with high human immunodeficiency virus prevalence. Vaccine 2006, 24(September(37-39)):6232-6239.
50. von Gottberg A., de Gouveia L., Madhi S.A., du Plessis M., Quan V., Soma K., et al. Impact of conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine introduction in South Africa. Bull World Health Organ 2006, 84(October(10)):811-818.
51. Patel M., Pedreira C., De Oliveira L.H., Tate J., Orozco M., Mercado J., et al. Association between pentavalent rotavirus vaccine and severe rotavirus diarrhea among children in Nicaragua. JAMA 2009, 301(June(21)):2243-2251.
52. Ndiaye A.A., De Wals P., Proulx J-F., Ouakki M., Jette L., Dery S. Impact of a mass immunization campaign to control an outbreak of severe respiratory infections in Nunavik, northern Canada. Int J Circumpolar Health 2006, 65(September(4)):297-304.
53. Lagos R., Levine O.S., Avendano A., Horwitz I., Levine M.M. The introduction of routine Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in Chile: a framework for evaluating new vaccines in newly industrializing countries. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998, 17(September(9 Suppl.)):S139-S148.
54. Freed G.L., Clark S.J., Konrad T.R., Pathman D.E. Factors affecting physicians' early adoption of combined DTP-Hib vaccine. Ambulatory Child Health 1997, 3(11):27-33.
55. Adegbola R.A., Secka O., Lahai G., Lloyd-Evans N., Njie A., Usen S., et al. Elimination of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease from The Gambia after the introduction of routine immunisation with a Hib conjugate vaccine: a prospective study. Lancet 2005, 366(July(9480)):144-150.
56. de Oliveira L.H., Danovaro-Holliday M.C., Matus C.R., Andrus J.K. Rotavirus vaccine introduction in the Americas: progress and lessons learned. Expert Rev Vaccines 2008, 7(3):345-353.
57. Dorleans F., Giambi C., Dematte L., Cotter S., Stefanoff P., Mereckiene J., et al. The current state of introduction of human papillomavirus vaccination into national immunisation schedules in Europe: first results of the VENICE2 2010 survey. Eurosurveillance 2010, 15(47):19730.
58. Dominguez A., Salleras L., Carmona G., Batalla J. Effectiveness of a mass hepatitis A vaccination program in preadolescents. Vaccine 2003, 21(January(7-8)):698-701.
59. Zhou F., Shefer A., Kong Y., Nuorti J.P. Trends in acute otitis media-related health care utilization by privately insured young children in the United States, 1997-2004. Pediatrics 2008, 121(February(2)):253-260.
60. Wang F.T., Mast T.C., Glass R.J., Loughlin J., Seeger J.D. Effectiveness of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in preventing gastroenteritis in the United States. Pediatrics 2010, 125(February(2)):e208-e213.
61. Talbot T.R., Poehling K.A., Hartert T.V., Arbogast P.G., Halasa N.B., Mitchel E., et al. Reduction in high rates of antibiotic-nonsusceptible invasive pneumococcal disease in tennessee after introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Clin Infect Dis 2004, 39(September(5)):641-648.
62. Shoaib A., Rethnam U., Bansal R., Clay N. The effects of mass immunization on Haemophilus influenzae type B-related orthopaedic disease. J Pediatr Orthop B 2007, 16(May(3)):236-238.
63. Ramilo O., Brunton S.A., Gooch I.W.M., Block S.L. PCV-7 vaccine: changing the epidemiology of acute otitis media. Adv Stud Med 2004, 4(December(10 E)). S928-S936+S52-S53.
64. Poehling K.A., Szilagyi P.G., Grijalva C.G., Martin S.W., LaFleur B., Mitchel E., et al. Reduction of frequent otitis media and pressure-equalizing tube insertions in children after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Pediatrics 2007, 119(April(4)):707-715.
65. Poehling K.A., Lafleur B.J., Szilagyi P.G., Edwards K.M., Mitchel E., Barth R., et al. Population-based impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in young children. Pediatrics 2004, 114(3):755-761.
66. Peltola H., Kallio M.J., Unkila-Kallio L. Reduced incidence of septic arthritis in children by Haemophilus influenzae type-b vaccination. Implications for treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1998, 80(May(3)):471-473.
67. Nigrovic L.E., Malley R. Evaluation of the febrile child 3 to 36 months old in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: focus on occult bacteremia. Clin Pediatric Emerg Med 2004, 5(March(1)):13-19.
68. Nelson J.C., Jackson M., Yu O., Whitney C.G., Bounds L., Bittner R., et al. Impact of the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on rates of community acquired pneumonia in children and adults. Vaccine 2008, 26(September(38)):4947-4954.
69. Madore D.V. Impact of immunization on Haemophilus influenzae type b disease. Infect Agents Dis 1996, 5(1):8-20.
70. Kwong J.C., Stukel T.A., Lim J., McGeer A.J., Upshur R.E.G., Johansen H., et al. The effect of universal influenza immunization on mortality and health care use. PLoS Med 2008, 5(October(10)):1440-1452.
71. Kourtis A.P., Ellington S., Bansil P., Jamieson D.J., Posner S.F. Hospitalizations for invasive pneumococcal disease among human immunodeficiency virus-1 infected children, adolescents and young adults in the United States in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy and the conjugate pneumococcal vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010, 29(June(6)):561-563.
72. Koshy E., Murray J., Bottle A., Sharland M., Saxena S. Impact of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV7) programme on childhood hospital admissions for bacterial pneumonia and empyema in England: National time-trends study, 1997-2008. Thorax 2010, 65(September(9)):770-774.
73. Isaacman D.J., Fletcher M.A., Fritzell B., Ciuryla V., Schranz J. Indirect effects associated with widespread vaccination of infants with heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7; Prevnar). Vaccine 2007, 25(March(13)):2420-2427.
74. Grijalva C.G., Nuorti J.P., Arbogast P.G., Martin S.W., Edwards K.M., Griffin M.R. Decline in pneumonia admissions after routine childhood immunisation with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the USA: a time-series analysis. Lancet 2007, 369(April(9568)):1179-1186.
75. Giammanco M.D., Coniglio M.A., Pignato S., Giammanco G. An economic analysis of rotavirus vaccination in Italy. Vaccine 2009, 27(June(29)):3904-3911.
76. Gable C.B., Holzer S.S., Engelhart L., Friedman R.B., Smeltz F., Schroeder D., et al. Pneumococcal vaccine. Efficacy and associated cost savings. JAMA 1990, 264(22):2910-2915.
77. De Wals P., Robin E., Fortin E., Thibeault R., Ouakki M., Douville-Fradet M. Pneumonia after implementation of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine program in the province of Quebec, Canada. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2008, 27(November(11)):963-968.
78. De Wals P., Carbon M., Sevin E., Deceuninck G., Ouakki M. Reduced physician claims for otitis media after implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine program in the Province of Quebec, Canada. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009, 28(9):e271-e275.
79. Da Villa G. Rationale for the infant and adolescent vaccination programmes in Italy. Vaccine 2000, 18(February(Suppl. 1)):S31-S34.
80. Chang M.H., Shau W.Y., Chen C.J., Wu T.C., Kong M.S., Liang D.C., et al. Hepatitis B vaccination and hepatocellular carcinoma rates in boys and girls. JAMA 2000, 284(December(23)):3040-3042.
81. Chang M.H., Chen C.J., Lai M.S., Hsu H.M., Wu T.C., Kong M.S., et al. Universal hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in children. Taiwan Childhood Hepatoma Study Group. N Engl J Med 1997, 336(June(26)):1855-1859.
82. Centenari C., Gurgel R.Q., Bohland A.K., Oliveira D.M., Faragher B., Cuevas L.E., et al. Rotavirus vaccination in northeast Brazil: a laudable intervention, but can it lead to cost-savings?. Vaccine 2010, 28(June(25)):4162-4168.
83. Black S., Shinefield H., Baxter R., Austrian R., Bracken L., Hansen J., et al. Postlicensure surveillance for pneumococcal invasive disease after use of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Northern California Kaiser Permanente. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004, 23(June(6)):485-489.
84. Bégué R.E., Perrin K. Reduction in gastroenteritis with the use of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in a primary practice. Pediatrics 2010, 126(1):e40-e45.
85. Barone S.R., Aiuto L.T. Periorbital and orbital cellulitis in the Haemophilus influenzae vaccine era. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1997, 34(September(5)):293-296.
86. Balazs G.C., Garcia F.J., Yamamoto L.G. Conjugate heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine outcome improvements. Hawaii Med J 2006, 65(October(10)):288-289.
87. Ansaldi F., Turello V., Lai P., Bastone G., De Luca S., Rosselli R., et al. Effectiveness of a 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine in preventing pneumonia and non-invasive pneumococcal infection in elderly people: a large-scale retrospective cohort study. J Int Med Res 2005, 33(September-October(5)):490-500.
88. Ansaldi F., Sticchi L., Durando P., Carloni R., Oreste P., Vercelli M., et al. Decline in pneumonia and acute otitis media after the introduction of childhood pneumococcal vaccination in Liguria, Italy. J Int Med Res 2008 2008, 36(6):1255-1260.
89. Da Villa G., Sepe A. Immunization programme against hepatitis B virus infection in Italy: cost-effectiveness. Vaccine 1999, 17(January(13-14)):1734-1738.
90. Adamkiewicz T.V., Silk B.J., Howgate J., Baughman W., Strayhorn G., Sullivan K., et al. Effectiveness of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children with sickle cell disease in the first decade of life. Pediatrics 2008, 121(March(3)):562-569.
91. Gortzak-Uzan L., Fraser D., Dagan R. Epidemiology of invasive Hemophilus influenzae B infections in Bedouins and Jews; conjugate Hib vaccines. Harefuah 1998, 135(September(5-6)):175-180. 256 [in Hebrew].
92. McIntyre P.B., Chey T., Smith W.T. The impact of vaccination against invasive Haemophilus influenzae type B disease in the Sydney region. Med J Aust 1995, 162(March(5)):245-248.
93. Bower C., Condon R., Payne J., Burton P., Watson C., Wild B. Measuring the impact of conjugate vaccines on invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b infection in Western Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health 1998, 22(February(1)):67-72.
94. Talbot T.R., Poehling K.A., Hartert T.V., Arbogast P.G., Halasa N.B., Mitchel E., et al. Elimination of racial differences in invasive pneumococcal disease in young children after introduction of the conjugate pneumococcal vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004, 23(August(8)):726-731.
95. Scheifele D.W., Jadavji T.P., Law B.J., Gold R., MacDonald N.E., Lebel M.H., et al. Recent trends in pediatric Haemophilus influenzae type b infections in Canada. Can Med Assoc J 1996, 154(7):1041-1047.
96. Ladhani S., Slack M.P., Heys M., White J., Ramsay M.E. Fall in Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) disease following implementation of a booster campaign. Arch Dis Child 2008, 93(August(8)):665-669.
97. Diez-Domingo J., Pereiro I., Morant A., Gimeno C., San-Martin M., Gonzalez A., et al. Impact of non-routine vaccination on the incidence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease: experience in the autonomous region of Valencia, Spain. J Infect 2001, 42(May(4)):257-260.
98. Dickinson F.O., Perez A.E., Galindo M.A., Quintana I. Impact of vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b in Cuba. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2001, 10(September(3)):169-173.
99. Cisse M.F., Breugelmans J.G., Bg M., Diop M.B., Faye P.C., Mhlanga B., et al. The elimination of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis following conjugate vaccine introduction in senegal. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010, 29(June(6)):499-503.
100. Broadhurst L.E., Erickson R.L., Kelley P.W. Decreases in invasive Haemophilus influenzae diseases in US Army children, 1984 through 1991. JAMA 1993, 269(January(2)):227-231.
101. Whitney C.G., Farley M.M., Hadler J., Harrison L.H., Bennett N.M., Lynfield R., et al. Decline in invasive pneumococcal disease after the introduction of protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccine. N Engl J Med 2003, 348(May(18)):1737-1746.
102. van der Linden M., Reinert R.R., Imohl M. The National Immunization Programme for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Germany-first signs of a herd immunity effect in adults. Int J Med Microbiol 2009, 299(September):85.
103. Shafinoori S., Ginocchio C.C., Greenberg A.J., Yeoman E., Cheddie M., Rubin L.G. Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and the severity of winter influenza-like illnesses on invasive pneumococcal infections in children and adults. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005, 24(January(1)):10-16.
104. Poehling K.A., Talbot T.R., Griffin M.R., Craig A.S., Whitney C.G., Zell E., et al. Invasive pneumococcal disease among infants before and after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. JAMA 2006, 295(April(14)):1668-1674.
105. McBean A.M., Park Y.-T., Caldwell D., Yu X. Declining invasive pneumococcal disease in the U.S. elderly. Vaccine 2005, 23(December(48-49)):5641-5645.
106. Jardine A., Menzies R.I., McIntyre P.B. Reduction in hospitalizations for pneumonia associated with the introduction of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccination schedule without a booster dose in Australia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010, 29(July(7)):607-612.
107. Flannery B., Schrag S., Bennett N.M., Lynfield R., Harrison L.H., Reingold A., et al. Impact of childhood vaccination on racial disparities in invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. JAMA 2004, 291(May(18)):2197-2203.
108. Salleras L., Domínguez A., Prats G., Parron I., Muñoz P. Dramatic decline of serogroup C meningococcal disease incidence in Catalonia (Spain) 24 months after a mass vaccination programme of children and young people. J Epidemiol Commun Health 2001, 55(4):283-287.
109. Ramsay M.E., Andrews N.J., Trotter C.L., Kaczmarski E.B., Miller E. Herd immunity from meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccination in England: database analysis. BMJ 2003, 326(February(7385)):365-366.
110. Kinlin L.M., Jamieson F., Brown E.M., Brown S., Rawte P., Dolman S., et al. Rapid identification of herd effects with the introduction of serogroup C meningococcal conjugate vaccine in Ontario, Canada, 2000-2006. Vaccine 2009, 27(March(11)):1735-1740.
111. De Wals P., Erickson L. Economic analysis of the 1992-1993 mass immunization campaign against serogroup C meningococcal disease in Quebec. Vaccine 2002, 20(June(21-22)):2840-2844.
112. De Wals P. Meningococcal C vaccines: the Canadian experience. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004, 23(December(12 Suppl.)):S280-S284.
113. Bergman B.P., Hayton J.C., Green A.D. Effectiveness of the meningococcal vaccination programme for British Armed Forces recruits. Commun Dis Public Health 2000, 3(December(4)):298-299.
114. Balmer P., Borrow R., Miller E. Impact of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine in the UK. J Med Microbiol 2002, 51(9):717-722.
115. Chan C.Y., Lee S.D., Lo K.J. Legend of hepatitis B vaccination: the Taiwan experience. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004, 19(February(2)):121-126.
116. Richardson V., Hernandez-Pichardo J., Quintanar-Solares M., Esparza-Aguilar M., Johnson B., Gomez-Altamirano C.M., et al. Effect of rotavirus vaccination on death from childhood diarrhea in Mexico. N Engl J Med 2010, 362(January(4)):299-305.
117. Paulke-Korinek M., Rendi-Wagner P., Kundi M., Kronik R., Kollaritsch H., Paulke-Korinek M., et al. Universal mass vaccination against rotavirus gastroenteritis: impact on hospitalization rates in austrian children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010, 29(April(4)):319-323.
118. de Palma O., Cruz L., Ramos H., de Baires A., Villatoro N., Pastor D., et al. Effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination against childhood diarrhoea in El Salvador: case-control study. BMJ 2010, 340:c2825.
119. Cortese M.M., Tate J.E., Simonsen L., Edelman L., Parashar U.D. Reduction in gastroenteritis in United States children and correlation with early rotavirus vaccine uptake from national medical claims databases. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010, 29(June(6)):489-494.
120. Clark H.F., Lawley D., Mallette L.A., DiNubile M.J., Hodinka R.L. Decline in cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis presenting to The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia after introduction of a pentavalent rotavirus vaccine. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2009, 16(March(3)):382-386.
121. Centers for Disease Control Prevention Reduction in rotavirus after vaccine introduction-United States, 2000-2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2009, 58(October(41)):1146-1149.
122. Centers for Disease Control Prevention Delayed onset and diminished magnitude of rotavirus activity-United States. November 2007-May 2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2008, 57(June(25)):697-700.
123. Belshaw D.A., Muscatello D.J., Ferson M.J., Nurkic A. Rotavirus vaccination one year on. Commun Dis Intell 2009, 33(September(3)):337-340.
124. Fairley C.K., Hocking J.S., Gurrin L.C., Chen M.Y., Donovan B., Bradshaw C.S. Rapid decline in presentations of genital warts after the implementation of a national quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination programme for young women. Sex Transm Infect 2009, 85(December(7)):499-502.
125. Barr E., Gause C.K., Bautista O.M., Railkar R.A., Lupinacci L.C., Insinga R.P., et al. Impact of a prophylactic quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, 18) L1 virus-like particle vaccine in a sexually active population of North American women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008, 198(March(3)):11.
126. Lydon P., Levine R., Makinen M., Brenzel L., Mitchell V., Milstien J.B., et al. Introducing new vaccines in the poorest countries: what did we learn from the GAVI experience with financial sustainability?. Vaccine 2008, 26(December(51)):6706-6716.
127. Brugha R., Starling M., Walt G. GAVI, the first steps: lessons for the Global Fund. Lancet 2002, 359(February(9304)):435-438.
128. Simoens C., Sabbe M., Van Damme P., Beutels P., Arbyn M. Introduction of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Belgium, 2007-2008. Euro Surveill 2009, 14(46).
129. Papaevangelou G. Hepatitis B immunization programme: lessons learnt in Greece. Vaccine 1998, 16(November(Suppl.)):S45-S47.
130. Bonanni P., Crovari P. Success stories in the implementation of universal hepatitis B vaccination: an update on Italy. Vaccine 1998, (November(Suppl.)):S38-S42.
131. Bonanni P., Colombai R., Gasparini R., Lo Nostro A., Tiscione E., Tomei A., et al. Impact of routine infant and adolescent hepatitis B vaccination in Tuscany, Central Italy. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999, 18(August(8)):677-682.
132. Favin M., Macabasco R., Steinglass R. Impact of new vaccine introduction on developing country immunization programs and broader health systems: a review of the grey literature. WHO Strategic Group of Experts on Immunization Meeting of April 2012 2012, USAID-funded Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP), Geneva. W.H. Organization (Ed.).
133. World Health Organization Introduction of rotavirus vaccines into national immunization programmes Management manual, including operational information for health workers. 2009, WHO Press, Geneva. Department of Immunization VaB (Ed.).
134. World Health Organization. Effective Vaccine Management Initiative. Available from: 2010 [cited 06.03.12]. http://www.who.int/immunization_delivery/systems_policy/logistics/en/index6.html.
135. UNICEF. Communication Framework for New Vaccines and Child Survival. Available from: 2011 [cited 05.05.12]. https://sites.google.com/site/commframe/.
136. Levin A., Fang A., Hansen P.M., Pyle D., Dia O., Schwalbe N. A global health partnership's use of time-limited support to catalyze health practice change: the case of GAVI's Injection Safety Support. PLoS One 2010, 5(9):e12986.
137. Cui F.-Q., Gong X.-H., Chen Y.-S. Evaluation on impact of hepatitis B vaccine integrated into routine immunization in the areas of Ministry of Health/Global Alliance for Vaccine and Immunization (GAVI) Cooperation Project P.R, China. Zhongguo Ji Hua Mian Yi 2009, 15(August(4)):289-293.
138. Gessner B.D., Duclos P., Deroeck D., Nelson E.A. Informing decision makers: experience and process of 15 National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups. Vaccine 2010, 28(April(Suppl. 1)):A1-A5.
139. Duclos P. National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs): guidance for their establishment and strengthening. Vaccine 2010, 28(April(Suppl. 1)):A18-A25.
140. Guyatt G.H., Oxman A.D., Vist G.E., Kunz R., Falck-Ytter Y., Alonso-Coello P., et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2008, 336(April(7650)):924-926.
141. Atkins D., Best D., Briss P.A., Eccles M., Falck-Ytter Y., Flottorp S., et al. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2004, 328(June(7454)):1490.