메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 191, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 155-174

Azimuthal anisotropy beneath southern Africa from very broad-band surface-wave dispersion measurements

Author keywords

Africa; Cratons; Seismic anisotropy; Surface waves and free oscillations

Indexed keywords

AFRICA; ARCHEAN; AZIMUTHAL ANISOTROPY; BLOCK BOUNDARIES; BROAD BANDS; CRATONS; CROSS CORRELATIONS; DEFORMATION MECHANISM; DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; DISPERSION CURVES; EAST AFRICAN RIFT; EXTENSIONAL STRESS; FREE OSCILLATION; JACK-KNIFE METHOD; LOVE-WAVE; MANTLE LITHOSPHERE; MULTIMODES; PLATE MOTIONS; RAYLEIGH; SEISMIC ANISOTROPY; SEISMIC SURFACE WAVE; SHEAR-WAVE ANISOTROPY; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; STRONG ANISOTROPY; SURFACE WAVE DISPERSION; SURFACE WAVE MEASUREMENT; TELESEISMIC; UPPER CRUST; VERTICAL RESOLUTION; WAVEFORM INVERSION;

EID: 84866423733     PISSN: 0956540X     EISSN: 1365246X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05583.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (53)

References (93)
  • 1
    • 79960350454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shear wave velocity structure of the southern African upper mantle with implications for the uplift of southern Africa
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05072.x.
    • Adams, A. & Nyblade, A., 2011. Shear wave velocity structure of the southern African upper mantle with implications for the uplift of southern Africa, Geophys. J. Int., 186, 808-824, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05072.x.
    • (2011) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.186 , pp. 808-824
    • Adams, A.1    Nyblade, A.2
  • 2
    • 33750724562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical properties of seismic anisotropy predicted by upper mantle geodynamic models
    • doi:10.1029/2005JB004095.
    • Becker, T.W., Chevrot, S., Schulte-Pelkum, V. & Blackman, D.K., 2006. Statistical properties of seismic anisotropy predicted by upper mantle geodynamic models, J. geophys. Res., 111, B08309, doi:10.1029/2005JB004095.
    • (2006) J. geophys. Res. , vol.111
    • Becker, T.W.1    Chevrot, S.2    Schulte-Pelkum, V.3    Blackman, D.K.4
  • 3
    • 84856038402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the relationship between azimuthal anisotropy from shear wave splitting and surface wave tomography
    • doi:10.1029/2011JB008705.
    • Becker, T.W., Lebedev, S. & Long, M.D., 2012. On the relationship between azimuthal anisotropy from shear wave splitting and surface wave tomography. J. geophys. Res., 117, B01306, doi:10.1029/2011JB008705.
    • (2012) J. geophys. Res. , vol.117
    • Becker, T.W.1    Lebedev, S.2    Long, M.D.3
  • 4
    • 61349120205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lithospheric architecture of Africa: seismic tomography, mantle petrology and tectonic evolution
    • Begg, G. et al., 2009. The lithospheric architecture of Africa: seismic tomography, mantle petrology and tectonic evolution. Geosphere, 5, 23-50.
    • (2009) Geosphere , vol.5 , pp. 23-50
    • Begg, G.1
  • 5
    • 73449102806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depth constraints on azimuthal anisotropy in the Great Basin from Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps
    • Beghein, C., Snoke, J.A. & Fouch, M.J., 2010. Depth constraints on azimuthal anisotropy in the Great Basin from Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 289, 467-478.
    • (2010) Earth planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.289 , pp. 467-478
    • Beghein, C.1    Snoke, J.A.2    Fouch, M.J.3
  • 7
    • 38349177476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resolution potential of surface wave phase velocity measurements at small arrays
    • Bodin, T. & Maupin, V., 2008. Resolution potential of surface wave phase velocity measurements at small arrays, Geophys. J. Int., 172, 698-706.
    • (2008) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.172 , pp. 698-706
    • Bodin, T.1    Maupin, V.2
  • 9
    • 6244238232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of an Archean craton: a program for interdisciplinary studies of the Kaapvaal craton, southern Africa
    • Carlson, R.W., Grove, T.L., de Wit, M.J. & Gurney, J.J., 1996. Anatomy of an Archean craton: a program for interdisciplinary studies of the Kaapvaal craton, southern Africa, EOS, Trans. Am. geophys. Un., 77, 273-277.
    • (1996) EOS, Trans. Am. geophys. Un. , vol.77 , pp. 273-277
    • Carlson, R.W.1    Grove, T.L.2    de Wit, M.J.3    Gurney, J.J.4
  • 10
    • 0002101822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-Os systematics of lithospheric peridotites: implications for lithosphere formation and preservation, in Proceedings of 7th International Kimberlite Conference, Cape Town, South Africa
    • Carlson, R.W., Pearson, D.G., Boyd, F.R., Shirey, S.B., Irvine, G., Menzies, A.H. & Gurney, J.J., 1999, Re-Os systematics of lithospheric peridotites: implications for lithosphere formation and preservation, in Proceedings of 7th International Kimberlite Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, pp. 99-108.
    • (1999) , pp. 99-108
    • Carlson, R.W.1    Pearson, D.G.2    Boyd, F.R.3    Shirey, S.B.4    Irvine, G.5    Menzies, A.H.6    Gurney, J.J.7
  • 11
    • 0034432265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continental growth, preservation and modification in southern Africa
    • Carlson, R.W. et al., 2000. Continental growth, preservation and modification in southern Africa, GSA Today, 10, 1-7.
    • (2000) GSA Today , vol.10 , pp. 1-7
    • Carlson, R.W.1
  • 12
    • 34147102906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiscale finite-frequency Rayleigh wave tomography of the Kaapvaal craton
    • Chevrot, S. & Zhao, L., 2007. Multiscale finite-frequency Rayleigh wave tomography of the Kaapvaal craton, Geophys. J. Int., 169, 201-215.
    • (2007) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.169 , pp. 201-215
    • Chevrot, S.1    Zhao, L.2
  • 13
    • 84980254534 scopus 로고
    • Seismic wave propagation through a cracked solid: polarization as a possible dilatancy diagnostic
    • Crampin, S., 1978. Seismic wave propagation through a cracked solid: polarization as a possible dilatancy diagnostic, Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., 53, 467-496.
    • (1978) Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc. , vol.53 , pp. 467-496
    • Crampin, S.1
  • 14
    • 58149194766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rayleigh wave phase-velocity heterogeneity and multilayered azimuthal anisotropy of the Superior Craton, Ontario
    • Darbyshire, F.A. & Lebedev, S., 2009. Rayleigh wave phase-velocity heterogeneity and multilayered azimuthal anisotropy of the Superior Craton, Ontario, Geophys. J. Int., 176, 215-234.
    • (2009) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.176 , pp. 215-234
    • Darbyshire, F.A.1    Lebedev, S.2
  • 15
    • 0026440996 scopus 로고
    • Formation of an Archean continent
    • De Wit, M.J. et al., 1992. Formation of an Archean continent, Nature, 357, 553-562.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.357 , pp. 553-562
    • De Wit, M.J.1
  • 16
    • 13444271886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global azimuthal seismic anisotropy and the unique plate-motion deformation of Australia
    • Debayle, E., Kennett, B.N.L. & Priestley, K., 2005. Global azimuthal seismic anisotropy and the unique plate-motion deformation of Australia, Nature, 433, 509-512.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.433 , pp. 509-512
    • Debayle, E.1    Kennett, B.N.L.2    Priestley, K.3
  • 17
    • 43449126249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Azimuthal anisotropy of Rayleigh-wave phase velocities in the east-central United States
    • Deschamps, F., Lebedev, S., Meier, T. & Trampert, J., 2008a. Azimuthal anisotropy of Rayleigh-wave phase velocities in the east-central United States, Geophys. J. Int., 173, 827-843.
    • (2008) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.173 , pp. 827-843
    • Deschamps, F.1    Lebedev, S.2    Meier, T.3    Trampert, J.4
  • 18
    • 52749083416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratified seismic anisotropy reveals past and present deformation beneath the East-Central United States
    • Deschamps, F., Lebedev, S., Meier, T. & Trampert, J., 2008b. Stratified seismic anisotropy reveals past and present deformation beneath the East-Central United States, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 274, 489-498.
    • (2008) Earth planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.274 , pp. 489-498
    • Deschamps, F.1    Lebedev, S.2    Meier, T.3    Trampert, J.4
  • 21
    • 84964203940 scopus 로고
    • Bootstrap methods for standard errors, confidence intervals, and other measures of statistical accuracy
    • Efron, B. & Tibshirani, R., 1986. Bootstrap methods for standard errors, confidence intervals, and other measures of statistical accuracy, Statistical Science, 1, 54-75.
    • (1986) Statistical Science , vol.1 , pp. 54-75
    • Efron, B.1    Tibshirani, R.2
  • 22
    • 4444273105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Kaapvaal craton and adjacent orogens, southern Africa: a geochronological database and overview of the geological development of the craton
    • Eglington, B.M. & Armstrong, R.A., 2004. The Kaapvaal craton and adjacent orogens, southern Africa: a geochronological database and overview of the geological development of the craton, South Afr. J. Geol., 107, 13-32.
    • (2004) South Afr. J. Geol. , vol.107 , pp. 13-32
    • Eglington, B.M.1    Armstrong, R.A.2
  • 23
    • 48349109340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S velocity structure and radial anisotropy in the Aegean region from surface wave dispersion
    • Endrun, B., Meier, T., Lebedev, S., Bohnhoff, M., Stavrakakis, G. & Harjes, H.P., 2008. S velocity structure and radial anisotropy in the Aegean region from surface wave dispersion, Geophys. J. Int., 174, 593-616.
    • (2008) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.174 , pp. 593-616
    • Endrun, B.1    Meier, T.2    Lebedev, S.3    Bohnhoff, M.4    Stavrakakis, G.5    Harjes, H.P.6
  • 24
    • 79952136177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex layered deformation within the Aegean crust and mantle revealed by seismic anisotropy
    • Endrun, B., Lebedev, S., Meier, T., Tirel, C. & Freiderich, W., 2011. Complex layered deformation within the Aegean crust and mantle revealed by seismic anisotropy, Nature Geosci., 4, 203-207.
    • (2011) Nature Geosci. , vol.4 , pp. 203-207
    • Endrun, B.1    Lebedev, S.2    Meier, T.3    Tirel, C.4    Freiderich, W.5
  • 25
    • 79955426798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical lithosphere beneath the Kaapvaal craton, southern Africa
    • doi:10.1029/2010JB007883.
    • Evans, R.L. et al., 2011. Electrical lithosphere beneath the Kaapvaal craton, southern Africa, J. geophys. Res., 116, B04105, doi:10.1029/2010JB007883.
    • (2011) J. geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Evans, R.L.1
  • 26
    • 78049235962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface wave tomography: imaging of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary beneath central and southern Africa
    • Fishwick, S., 2010. Surface wave tomography: imaging of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary beneath central and southern Africa, Lithos, 120, 63-73.
    • (2010) Lithos , vol.120 , pp. 63-73
    • Fishwick, S.1
  • 27
    • 84055217518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a better understanding of African topography: a review of passive-source seismic studies of the African crust and upper mantle
    • Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. eds van Hinsbergen, D.J.J., Buiter, S.J.H., Torsvik, T.H., Gaina, C. & Webb, S.J., Geological Society, London
    • Fishwick, S. & Bastow, I.R., 2011. Towards a better understanding of African topography: a review of passive-source seismic studies of the African crust and upper mantle, in The Formation and Evolution of Africa: A Synopsis of 3.8 Ga of Earth History, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. Vol. 357, pp. 343-371, eds van Hinsbergen, D.J.J., Buiter, S.J.H., Torsvik, T.H., Gaina, C. & Webb, S.J., Geological Society, London
    • (2011) The Formation and Evolution of Africa: A Synopsis of 3.8 Ga of Earth History , vol.357 , pp. 343-371
    • Fishwick, S.1    Bastow, I.R.2
  • 28
    • 0031708698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Source parameters of large African earthquakes: implications for crustal rheology and regional kinematics
    • Foster, A.N. & Jackson, J.A., 1998. Source parameters of large African earthquakes: implications for crustal rheology and regional kinematics, Geophys. J. Int., 134, 422-448.
    • (1998) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.134 , pp. 422-448
    • Foster, A.N.1    Jackson, J.A.2
  • 29
    • 4444251120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mantle seismic structure beneath the Kaapvaal and Zimbabwe cratons
    • The Kaapvaal Seismic Group
    • Fouch, M.J., James, D.E., van der Car, J.C., van der Lee, S. & The Kaapvaal Seismic Group, 2004a. Mantle seismic structure beneath the Kaapvaal and Zimbabwe cratons, South Afr. J. Geol., 107, 33-44.
    • (2004) South Afr. J. Geol. , vol.107 , pp. 33-44
    • Fouch, M.J.1    James, D.E.2    van der Car, J.C.3    van der Lee, S.4
  • 30
    • 2542615256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small-scale variations in seismic anisotropy near Kimberley, South Africa
    • Fouch, M.J., Silver, P.G., Bell, D.R. & Lee, J.N., 2004b. Small-scale variations in seismic anisotropy near Kimberley, South Africa, Geophys. J. Int., 157, 764-774.
    • (2004) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.157 , pp. 764-774
    • Fouch, M.J.1    Silver, P.G.2    Bell, D.R.3    Lee, J.N.4
  • 31
    • 0035391033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of the Kaapvaal craton from surface waves
    • the Kaapvaal Seismic Group
    • Freybourger, M., Gaherty, J.B., Jordan, T.H. & the Kaapvaal Seismic Group, 2001. Structure of the Kaapvaal craton from surface waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2489-2492.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.28 , pp. 2489-2492
    • Freybourger, M.1    Gaherty, J.B.2    Jordan, T.H.3
  • 32
    • 0033749586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A note on the interpretation of seismic surface waves over three-dimensional structures
    • Friederich, W., Hunzinger, S. & Wielandt, E., 2000. A note on the interpretation of seismic surface waves over three-dimensional structures, Geophys. J. Int., 143, 335-339.
    • (2000) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.143 , pp. 335-339
    • Friederich, W.1    Hunzinger, S.2    Wielandt, E.3
  • 33
    • 77956010942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Layered azimuthal anisotropy of Rayleigh wave phase velocities in the European Alpine lithosphere inferred from ambient noise
    • Fry, B., Deschamps, F., Kissling, E., Stehly, L. & Giardini, D., 2010. Layered azimuthal anisotropy of Rayleigh wave phase velocities in the European Alpine lithosphere inferred from ambient noise, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 297(1/2), 95-102.
    • (2010) Earth planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.297 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 95-102
    • Fry, B.1    Deschamps, F.2    Kissling, E.3    Stehly, L.4    Giardini, D.5
  • 34
    • 80054021888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical conductivity of continental lithospheric mantle from integrated geophysical and petrological modelling: application to the Kaapvaal Craton and Rehoboth Terrane, southern Africa
    • doi:10.1029/2011JB008544.
    • Fullea, J., Muller, M.R. & Jones, A.G., 2011. Electrical conductivity of continental lithospheric mantle from integrated geophysical and petrological modelling: application to the Kaapvaal Craton and Rehoboth Terrane, southern Africa, J. geophys. Res., 116, B10202, doi:10.1029/2011JB008544.
    • (2011) J. geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Fullea, J.1    Muller, M.R.2    Jones, A.G.3
  • 35
    • 84864691966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithospheric structure in the Baikal-central Mongolia region from integrated geophysical-petrological inversion of surface-wave data and topographic elevation
    • doi:10.1029/2012GC004138, in press.
    • Fullea, J., Lebedev, S., Agius, M.R., Jones, A.G. & Afonso, J.C., 2012. Lithospheric structure in the Baikal-central Mongolia region from integrated geophysical-petrological inversion of surface-wave data and topographic elevation, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., doi:10.1029/2012GC004138, in press.
    • (2012) Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
    • Fullea, J.1    Lebedev, S.2    Agius, M.R.3    Jones, A.G.4    Afonso, J.C.5
  • 36
    • 0030743266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Thabazimbi-Murchison lineament of the Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa: 2700 Ma of episodic deformation
    • Good, N. & De Wit, M.J., 1997. The Thabazimbi-Murchison lineament of the Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa: 2700 Ma of episodic deformation, J. geol. Soc., Lond., 154, 93-97.
    • (1997) J. geol. Soc., Lond. , vol.154 , pp. 93-97
    • Good, N.1    De Wit, M.J.2
  • 37
    • 3543135421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithosphere evolution beneath the Kaapvaal Craton: Re-Os systematics of sulfides in mantle-derived peridotites
    • Griffin, W.L., Graham, S., O-Reilly, S.Y. & Pearson, N.J., 2004. Lithosphere evolution beneath the Kaapvaal Craton: Re-Os systematics of sulfides in mantle-derived peridotites, Chem. Geol., 208, 89-118.
    • (2004) Chem. Geol. , vol.208 , pp. 89-118
    • Griffin, W.L.1    Graham, S.2    O-Reilly, S.Y.3    Pearson, N.J.4
  • 38
    • 0025596057 scopus 로고
    • Current plate velocities relative to the hotspots incorporating the NUVEL-1 global plate motion model
    • Gripp, A.E. & Gordon, R.G., 1990. Current plate velocities relative to the hotspots incorporating the NUVEL-1 global plate motion model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 1109-1112.
    • (1990) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.17 , pp. 1109-1112
    • Gripp, A.E.1    Gordon, R.G.2
  • 39
    • 33748658477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical anisotropy of South African lithosphere compared with seismic anisotropy from shear-wave splitting analyses
    • Hamilton, M. et al., 2006. Electrical anisotropy of South African lithosphere compared with seismic anisotropy from shear-wave splitting analyses. Phys. Earth planet. Inter., 158, 226-239.
    • (2006) Phys. Earth planet. Inter. , vol.158 , pp. 226-239
    • Hamilton, M.1
  • 40
    • 0031843442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unraveling the record of successive high grade events in the central zone of the Limpopo belt using Pb single phase dating of metamorphic minerals
    • Holzer, L., Frei, R., Barton, J.M., Jr., & Kramers, J.R., 1998, Unraveling the record of successive high grade events in the central zone of the Limpopo belt using Pb single phase dating of metamorphic minerals. Precambrian Res., 87, 87-115.
    • (1998) Precambrian Res. , vol.87 , pp. 87-115
    • Holzer, L.1    Frei, R.2    Barton Jr., J.M.3    Kramers, J.R.4
  • 41
    • 0035391198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithospheric mantle evolution of the Kaapvaal Craton: a Re-Os isotope study of peridotite xenoliths from Lesotho kimberlites
    • Irvine, G.J., Pearson, D.G. & Carlson, R.W., 2001. Lithospheric mantle evolution of the Kaapvaal Craton: a Re-Os isotope study of peridotite xenoliths from Lesotho kimberlites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2505-2508.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.28 , pp. 2505-2508
    • Irvine, G.J.1    Pearson, D.G.2    Carlson, R.W.3
  • 43
    • 4143119557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xenolith constraints on seismic velocities in the upper mantle beneath southern Africa, Geochem
    • doi:10.1029/2003GC000551.
    • James, D.E., Boyd, F.R., Schutt, D., Bell, D.R. & Carlson, R.W., 2004. Xenolith constraints on seismic velocities in the upper mantle beneath southern Africa, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 5, Q01002, doi:10.1029/2003GC000551.
    • (2004) Geophys. Geosyst. , vol.5
    • James, D.E.1    Boyd, F.R.2    Schutt, D.3    Bell, D.R.4    Carlson, R.W.5
  • 44
    • 0016534914 scopus 로고
    • The continental tectosphere
    • Jordan, T.H., 1975. The continental tectosphere, Rev. Geophys., 13, 1-12.
    • (1975) Rev. Geophys. , vol.13 , pp. 1-12
    • Jordan, T.H.1
  • 45
    • 84882874406 scopus 로고
    • Structure and formation of the continental tectosphere
    • Jordan, T.H., 1988. Structure and formation of the continental tectosphere, J. Petrol., Special Volume, 1, 11-37.
    • (1988) J. Petrol., Special Volume , vol.1 , pp. 11-37
    • Jordan, T.H.1
  • 46
    • 0028806879 scopus 로고
    • The Triangle Shearzone, Zimbabwe, revisited: new data document an important event at 2.0 Ga in the Limpopo Belt
    • Kamber, B.S., Kramers, J.D., Napier, R., Cliff, R.A. & Rollinson, H.R., 1995. The Triangle Shearzone, Zimbabwe, revisited: new data document an important event at 2.0 Ga in the Limpopo Belt, Precambrian Res., 70, 191-213.
    • (1995) Precambrian Res. , vol.70 , pp. 191-213
    • Kamber, B.S.1    Kramers, J.D.2    Napier, R.3    Cliff, R.A.4    Rollinson, H.R.5
  • 47
    • 0028813015 scopus 로고
    • Constraints on seismic velocities in the Earth from traveltimes
    • Kennett, B.L.N., Engdahl, E.R. & Buland, R., 1995. Constraints on seismic velocities in the Earth from traveltimes, Geophys. J. Int., 122, 108-124.
    • (1995) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.122 , pp. 108-124
    • Kennett, B.L.N.1    Engdahl, E.R.2    Buland, R.3
  • 48
    • 77954236500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shear wave velocity structure of the lower crust in southern Africa: evidence for compositional heterogeneity within archaean and proterozoic terrains
    • doi:10.1029/2008JB006217.
    • Kgaswane, E.M, Nyblade, A.A., Julia, J., Dirks, P.H.G.M., Durrheim R.J. & Pasyanos, M.E., 2009. Shear wave velocity structure of the lower crust in southern Africa: evidence for compositional heterogeneity within archaean and proterozoic terrains. J. geophys. Res., 114, B12304, doi:10.1029/2008JB006217.
    • (2009) J. geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Kgaswane, E.M.1    Nyblade, A.A.2    Julia, J.3    Dirks, P.H.G.M.4    Durrheim, R.J.5    Pasyanos, M.E.6
  • 49
    • 78651336754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping the Earths thermochemical and anisotropic structure using global surface wave data
    • doi:10.1029/2010JB007828.
    • Khan, A., Boschi, L. & Connolly, J.A.D., 2011. Mapping the Earths thermochemical and anisotropic structure using global surface wave data. J. geophys. Res., 116(B1), B01301, doi:10.1029/2010JB007828.
    • (2011) J. geophys. Res. , vol.116 , Issue.1 B
    • Khan, A.1    Boschi, L.2    Connolly, J.A.D.3
  • 50
    • 84999143089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pn arrivals and lateral variations of Moho geometry beneath the Kaapvaal craton
    • Kwabida, M.T.O.G., Wright, C., Kgaswane, E.M., Simon, R.E. & Nguuri, T.K., 2003. Pn arrivals and lateral variations of Moho geometry beneath the Kaapvaal craton, Lithos, 71, 393-411.
    • (2003) Lithos , vol.71 , pp. 393-411
    • Kwabida, M.T.O.G.1    Wright, C.2    Kgaswane, E.M.3    Simon, R.E.4    Nguuri, T.K.5
  • 51
    • 42349084684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global upper-mantle tomography with the automated multimode inversion of surface and S-wave forms
    • Lebedev, S. & van der Hilst, R.D., 2008. Global upper-mantle tomography with the automated multimode inversion of surface and S-wave forms, Geophys. J. Int., 173, 505-518.
    • (2008) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.173 , pp. 505-518
    • Lebedev, S.1    van der Hilst, R.D.2
  • 52
  • 53
    • 33749051200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asthenospheric flow and origin of volcanism in the Baikal Rift area
    • Lebedev, S., Meier, T. & van der Hilst, R.D., 2006. Asthenospheric flow and origin of volcanism in the Baikal Rift area, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 249, 415-424.
    • (2006) Earth planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.249 , pp. 415-424
    • Lebedev, S.1    Meier, T.2    van der Hilst, R.D.3
  • 54
    • 61849160393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic structure of Precambrian lithosphere: new constraints from broadband surface-wave dispersion
    • Lebedev, S., Boonen, J. & Trampert, J., 2009. Seismic structure of Precambrian lithosphere: new constraints from broadband surface-wave dispersion, Lithos, 109, 96-111.
    • (2009) Lithos , vol.109 , pp. 96-111
    • Lebedev, S.1    Boonen, J.2    Trampert, J.3
  • 55
    • 79954612743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shear wave model of southern Africa from regional Rayleigh wave tomography with 2-D sensitivity kernels
    • Li, A., 2011. Shear wave model of southern Africa from regional Rayleigh wave tomography with 2-D sensitivity kernels, Geophys. J. Int., 185, 832-844.
    • (2011) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.185 , pp. 832-844
    • Li, A.1
  • 56
    • 33845582910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper mantle structure of southern Africa from Rayleigh wave tomography
    • doi:10.1029/2006JB004321.
    • Li, A. & Burke, K., 2006. Upper mantle structure of southern Africa from Rayleigh wave tomography, J. geophys. Res., 111, doi:10.1029/2006JB004321.
    • (2006) J. geophys. Res. , vol.111
    • Li, A.1    Burke, K.2
  • 57
    • 78650525971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex and variable crustal and uppermost mantle seismic anisotropy in the western United States
    • Lin, F.C., Ritzwoller, M.H., Yang, Y., Moschetti, M.P. & Fouch, M.J., 2011. Complex and variable crustal and uppermost mantle seismic anisotropy in the western United States, Nature Geosci., 4, 55-61.
    • (2011) Nature Geosci. , vol.4 , pp. 55-61
    • Lin, F.C.1    Ritzwoller, M.H.2    Yang, Y.3    Moschetti, M.P.4    Fouch, M.J.5
  • 58
    • 77956012492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mantle dynamics and seismic anisotropy
    • Long, M.D. & Becker, T.W., 2010. Mantle dynamics and seismic anisotropy, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 297, 341-354.
    • (2010) Earth planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.297 , pp. 341-354
    • Long, M.D.1    Becker, T.W.2
  • 59
    • 1642481139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One-dimensional models of shear wave velocity for the eastern Mediterranean obtained from the inversion of Rayleigh wave phase velocities and tectonic implications
    • Meier, T., Dietrich, K., Stöckhert, B. & Harjes, H.P., 2004. One-dimensional models of shear wave velocity for the eastern Mediterranean obtained from the inversion of Rayleigh wave phase velocities and tectonic implications, Geophys. J. Int., 156, 45-58.
    • (2004) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.156 , pp. 45-58
    • Meier, T.1    Dietrich, K.2    Stöckhert, B.3    Harjes, H.P.4
  • 60
    • 0001363646 scopus 로고
    • Global upper mantle tomography of seismic velocities and anisotropies
    • Montagner, J. & Tanimoto, T., 1991. Global upper mantle tomography of seismic velocities and anisotropies, J. geophys. Res., 96, 20337-20351.
    • (1991) J. geophys. Res. , vol.96 , pp. 20337-20351
    • Montagner, J.1    Tanimoto, T.2
  • 61
    • 0035910524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth of the Kaapvaal tectosphere 3.08 billion years ago
    • Moser, D.E., Flowers, R.M. & Hart, R.J., 2001. Birth of the Kaapvaal tectosphere 3.08 billion years ago, Science, 291, 465-468.
    • (2001) Science , vol.291 , pp. 465-468
    • Moser, D.E.1    Flowers, R.M.2    Hart, R.J.3
  • 62
    • 72049130282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithospheric structure, evolution and diamond prospectivity of the Rehoboth Terrane and western Kaapvaal Craton, southern Africa: constraints from broadband magnetotellurics
    • doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2009.06.023.
    • Muller, M.R. et al., 2009. Lithospheric structure, evolution and diamond prospectivity of the Rehoboth Terrane and western Kaapvaal Craton, southern Africa: constraints from broadband magnetotellurics, Lithos, 112, 93-105, doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2009.06.023.
    • (2009) Lithos , vol.112 , pp. 93-105
    • Muller, M.R.1
  • 63
    • 33645465941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Southern African crustal evolution and composition: constraints from receiver function studies
    • doi:10.1029/2005JB003802.
    • Nair, S.K., Gao, S.S., Liu, K.H. & Silver, P.G., 2006. Southern African crustal evolution and composition: constraints from receiver function studies, J. geophys. Res., 111, doi:10.1029/2005JB003802.
    • (2006) J. geophys. Res. , vol.111
    • Nair, S.K.1    Gao, S.S.2    Liu, K.H.3    Silver, P.G.4
  • 64
    • 0035391597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crustal structure beneath southern Africa and its implications for the formation and evolution of the Kaapvaal and Zimbabwe cratons
    • Nguuri, T.K. et al., 2001. Crustal structure beneath southern Africa and its implications for the formation and evolution of the Kaapvaal and Zimbabwe cratons, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2501-2504.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.28 , pp. 2501-2504
    • Nguuri, T.K.1
  • 65
    • 0015033588 scopus 로고
    • Effects of stress on velocity anisotropy in rocks with cracks
    • Nur, A., 1971. Effects of stress on velocity anisotropy in rocks with cracks, J. geophys. Res., 76, 2022-2034.
    • (1971) J. geophys. Res. , vol.76 , pp. 2022-2034
    • Nur, A.1
  • 66
    • 0029501780 scopus 로고
    • Stabilisation of Archean lithospheric mantle: a Re-Os isotope study of peridotite xenoliths from the Kaapvaal craton
    • Pearson, D.G., Carlson, R.W., Shirey, S.B., Boyd, F.R. & Nixon, P.H., 1995. Stabilisation of Archean lithospheric mantle: a Re-Os isotope study of peridotite xenoliths from the Kaapvaal craton, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 134, 341-357.
    • (1995) Earth planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.134 , pp. 341-357
    • Pearson, D.G.1    Carlson, R.W.2    Shirey, S.B.3    Boyd, F.R.4    Nixon, P.H.5
  • 67
    • 33645067370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of non-plane waves on two-station measurements of phase velocities
    • Pedersen, H.A., 2006. Impacts of non-plane waves on two-station measurements of phase velocities, Geophys. J. Int., 165, 279-287.
    • (2006) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.165 , pp. 279-287
    • Pedersen, H.A.1
  • 68
    • 33645951082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithospheric and sublithospheric anisotropy beneath the Baltic Shield from surface-wave array analysis
    • SVEKALAPKO Seismic Tomography Working Group
    • Pedersen, H.A., Bruneton, M., Maupin, V. & SVEKALAPKO Seismic Tomography Working Group, 2006. Lithospheric and sublithospheric anisotropy beneath the Baltic Shield from surface-wave array analysis, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 244, 590-605.
    • (2006) Earth planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.244 , pp. 590-605
    • Pedersen, H.A.1    Bruneton, M.2    Maupin, V.3
  • 69
    • 84857620639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anisotropic Rayleigh-wave tomography of Ireland's crust: implications for crustal accretion and evolution within the Caledonian Orogen
    • doi:10.1029/2012GL051014.
    • Polat, G., Lebedev, S., Readman, P.W., O'Reilly, B.M. & Hauser, F., 2012. Anisotropic Rayleigh-wave tomography of Ireland's crust: implications for crustal accretion and evolution within the Caledonian Orogen, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L04302, doi:10.1029/2012GL051014.
    • (2012) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.39
    • Polat, G.1    Lebedev, S.2    Readman, P.W.3    O'Reilly, B.M.4    Hauser, F.5
  • 70
    • 0033402417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Velocity structure of the continental upper mantle: evidence from southern Africa
    • Priestley, K., 1999. Velocity structure of the continental upper mantle: evidence from southern Africa. Lithos, 48, 45-56.
    • (1999) Lithos , vol.48 , pp. 45-56
    • Priestley, K.1
  • 71
    • 62049085787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between the upper mantle high velocity seismic lid and the continental lithosphere
    • Priestley, K. & Tilmann, F., 2009. Relationship between the upper mantle high velocity seismic lid and the continental lithosphere, Lithos, 109, 112-124.
    • (2009) Lithos , vol.109 , pp. 112-124
    • Priestley, K.1    Tilmann, F.2
  • 72
    • 33645885310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The state of the upper mantle beneath southern Africa
    • Priestley, K., McKenzie, D. & Debayle, E., 2006. The state of the upper mantle beneath southern Africa. Tectonophysics, 416, 101-112.
    • (2006) Tectonophysics , vol.416 , pp. 101-112
    • Priestley, K.1    McKenzie, D.2    Debayle, E.3
  • 73
    • 0026452755 scopus 로고
    • Tectonic model for the evolution of the Limpopo Belt
    • Roering, C. et al., 1992. Tectonic model for the evolution of the Limpopo Belt, Precambrian Res., 55, 539-552.
    • (1992) Precambrian Res. , vol.55 , pp. 539-552
    • Roering, C.1
  • 74
    • 0037088830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper mantle structure of the Kaapvaal craton from surface wave analysis: a second look
    • doi:10.1029/2001GL013702.
    • Saltzer, R.L., 2002. Upper mantle structure of the Kaapvaal craton from surface wave analysis: a second look, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(6), doi:10.1029/2001GL013702.
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.29 , Issue.6
    • Saltzer, R.L.1
  • 75
    • 0033056832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic anisotropy and mantle deformation: what have we learned from shear wave splitting?
    • Savage, M.K., 1999. Seismic anisotropy and mantle deformation: what have we learned from shear wave splitting? Rev. Geophys., 37, 65-106.
    • (1999) Rev. Geophys. , vol.37 , pp. 65-106
    • Savage, M.K.1
  • 76
    • 2442715462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subduction and terrane collision stabilize the western Kaapvaal craton tectosphere 2.9 billion years ago
    • Schmitz, M.D., Bowring, S.A., de Wit, M.J. & Gartz, V., 2004. Subduction and terrane collision stabilize the western Kaapvaal craton tectosphere 2.9 billion years ago, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 222, 363-376.
    • (2004) Earth planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.222 , pp. 363-376
    • Schmitz, M.D.1    Bowring, S.A.2    de Wit, M.J.3    Gartz, V.4
  • 77
    • 78649760572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compositional trends among Kaapvaal Craton garnet peridotite xenoliths and their effects on seismic velocity and density
    • Schutt, D.L. & Lesher, C.E., 2010. Compositional trends among Kaapvaal Craton garnet peridotite xenoliths and their effects on seismic velocity and density, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 300, 367-373.
    • (2010) Earth planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.300 , pp. 367-373
    • Schutt, D.L.1    Lesher, C.E.2
  • 78
    • 0030482764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic anisotropy beneath the continents: probing the depths of geology
    • Silver, P.G., 1996. Seismic anisotropy beneath the continents: probing the depths of geology, Annu. Rev. Earth planet. Sci., 24, 385-432.
    • (1996) Annu. Rev. Earth planet. Sci. , vol.24 , pp. 385-432
    • Silver, P.G.1
  • 79
    • 0035392312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mantle deformation beneath southern Africa
    • the Kaapvaal group
    • Silver, P.G., Gao, S.S., Liu, K.H. & the Kaapvaal group, 2001. Mantle deformation beneath southern Africa. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2493-2496.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.28 , pp. 2493-2496
    • Silver, P.G.1    Gao, S.S.2    Liu, K.H.3
  • 80
    • 2542550881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic anisotropy, mantle fabric and the magmatic evolution of Precambrian southern Africa
    • the Kaapvaal Seismic Group
    • Silver, P.G., Fouch, M.J., Gao, S.S., Schmitz, M. & the Kaapvaal Seismic Group, 2004. Seismic anisotropy, mantle fabric and the magmatic evolution of Precambrian southern Africa, South Afr. J. Geol., 107, 45-48.
    • (2004) South Afr. J. Geol. , vol.107 , pp. 45-48
    • Silver, P.G.1    Fouch, M.J.2    Gao, S.S.3    Schmitz, M.4
  • 81
    • 0036900129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multimode Rayleigh wave inversion for heterogeneity and azimuthal anisotropy of the Australian upper mantle
    • Simons, F.J., van der Hilst, R.D., Montagner, J. & Zielhuis, A., 2002. Multimode Rayleigh wave inversion for heterogeneity and azimuthal anisotropy of the Australian upper mantle, Geophys. J. Int., 151, 738-754.
    • (2002) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.151 , pp. 738-754
    • Simons, F.J.1    van der Hilst, R.D.2    Montagner, J.3    Zielhuis, A.4
  • 82
    • 0001426964 scopus 로고
    • The azimuthal dependence of Love and Rayleigh wave propagation in a slightly anisotropic medium
    • Smith, M.L. & Dahlen, F.A., 1973, The azimuthal dependence of Love and Rayleigh wave propagation in a slightly anisotropic medium, J. geophys. Res., 78, 3321-3333.
    • (1973) J. geophys. Res. , vol.78 , pp. 3321-3333
    • Smith, M.L.1    Dahlen, F.A.2
  • 83
    • 34147132865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic anisotropy of the Slave craton, NW Canada, from joint interpretation of SKS and Rayleigh waves
    • Snyder, D. & Bruneton, M., 2007, Seismic anisotropy of the Slave craton, NW Canada, from joint interpretation of SKS and Rayleigh waves, Geophys. J. Int., 169, 170-188.
    • (2007) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.169 , pp. 170-188
    • Snyder, D.1    Bruneton, M.2
  • 84
    • 0036293318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crustal thickness, discontinuity depth, and upper mantle structure beneath southern Africa: constraints from body wave conversions
    • Stankiewicz, J., Chevrot, S., van der Hilst, R.D. & de Wit, M.J., 2002. Crustal thickness, discontinuity depth, and upper mantle structure beneath southern Africa: constraints from body wave conversions, Phys. Earth planet. Inter., 130, 235-251.
    • (2002) Phys. Earth planet. Inter. , vol.130 , pp. 235-251
    • Stankiewicz, J.1    Chevrot, S.2    van der Hilst, R.D.3    de Wit, M.J.4
  • 85
    • 0038497470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global anisotropic phase velocity maps for fundamental mode surface waves between 40 and 150 s
    • Trampert, J. & Woodhouse, J.H., 2003. Global anisotropic phase velocity maps for fundamental mode surface waves between 40 and 150 s, Geophys. J. Int., 154, 154-165.
    • (2003) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.154 , pp. 154-165
    • Trampert, J.1    Woodhouse, J.H.2
  • 86
    • 0028870860 scopus 로고
    • Recent deformations of the deep continental root beneath southern Africa
    • Vinnik, L.P., Green, R.W.E. & Nicolaysen, L.O., 1995. Recent deformations of the deep continental root beneath southern Africa, Nature, 375, 50-52.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.375 , pp. 50-52
    • Vinnik, L.P.1    Green, R.W.E.2    Nicolaysen, L.O.3
  • 87
    • 84859846439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frozen and active seismic anisotropy beneath southern Africa
    • doi:10.1029/2012GL051326.
    • Vinnik, L., Kiselev, S., Weber, M., Oreshin, S. & Makeyeva L., 2012, Frozen and active seismic anisotropy beneath southern Africa, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L08301, doi:10.1029/2012GL051326.
    • (2012) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.39
    • Vinnik, L.1    Kiselev, S.2    Weber, M.3    Oreshin, S.4    Makeyeva, L.5
  • 88
    • 39549093549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper mantle SH- and P-velocity structures and compositional models beneath southern Africa
    • Wang, Y., Wen, Y. & Weidner, D., 2008. Upper mantle SH- and P-velocity structures and compositional models beneath southern Africa, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 267, 596-608.
    • (2008) Earth planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.267 , pp. 596-608
    • Wang, Y.1    Wen, Y.2    Weidner, D.3
  • 89
    • 84980240013 scopus 로고
    • New version of the Generic Mapping Tools released
    • doi:10.1029/95EO00198.
    • Wessel, P. & Smith, W.H.F., 1995. New version of the Generic Mapping Tools released, EOS, Trans. Am. geophys. Un., 76, 329, doi:10.1029/95EO00198.
    • (1995) EOS, Trans. Am. geophys. Un. , vol.76 , pp. 329
    • Wessel, P.1    Smith, W.H.F.2
  • 90
    • 33747614809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional tomographic inversion of amplitude and phase of Rayleigh waves with 2-D sensitivity kernels
    • Yang, Y. & Forsyth, D.W., 2006. Regional tomographic inversion of amplitude and phase of Rayleigh waves with 2-D sensitivity kernels, Geophys. J. Int., 166, 1148-1160.
    • (2006) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.166 , pp. 1148-1160
    • Yang, Y.1    Forsyth, D.W.2
  • 91
    • 45249124289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crustal and uppermost mantle structure in southern Africa revealed from ambient noise and teleseismic tomography
    • Yang, Y., Li, A. & Ritzwoller, M.H., 2008. Crustal and uppermost mantle structure in southern Africa revealed from ambient noise and teleseismic tomography, Geophys. J. Int., 174, 235-248.
    • (2008) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.174 , pp. 235-248
    • Yang, Y.1    Li, A.2    Ritzwoller, M.H.3
  • 92
    • 77953672048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithospheric layering in the North American Craton
    • Yuan, H. & Romanowicz, B., 2010. Lithospheric layering in the North American Craton, Nature, 466, 1063-1068.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.466 , pp. 1063-1068
    • Yuan, H.1    Romanowicz, B.2
  • 93
    • 34948878646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface wave tomography of the Gulf of California
    • doi:10.1029/2007GL030631.
    • Zhang, X., Paulssen, H., Lebedev, S. & Meier, T., 2007. Surface wave tomography of the Gulf of California, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L15305, doi:10.1029/2007GL030631.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.34
    • Zhang, X.1    Paulssen, H.2    Lebedev, S.3    Meier, T.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.