Cachexia and oxidative stress in cancer: An innovative therapeutic management

Current Pharmaceutical Design

Volumn 18, Issue 31, 2012, Pages 4813-4818

  Mantovani, Giovanni ^a   Madeddu, Clelia ^a   Macciò, Antonio ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAGLIARI   (Italy)

Author keywords

Antioxidants; Cancer cachexia; Chronic inflammation; Combined approach; Oxidative stress

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; AMIFOSTINE; ANTIOXIDANT; ASCORBIC ACID; CARBOCISTEINE; CARNITINE; CYSTEINE DERIVATIVE; GLUTATHIONE; RETINOL; THIOCTIC ACID;

ADVANCED CANCER; ANOREXIA; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; CACHEXIA; DIET THERAPY; DRUG EFFICACY; EXPERIMENTAL THERAPY; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; ANOREXIA; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; ANTIOXIDANTS; APPETITE STIMULANTS; CACHEXIA; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS; OXIDATIVE STRESS;

EID: 84866411746     PISSN: 13816128     EISSN: 18734286     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/138161212803216889     Document Type: Review

References (61)

1. Kerksick C, Willoughby D. The antioxidant role of glutathione and N-acetyl-cysteine supplements and exercise-induced oxidative stress. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2000; 2: 38-44.
2. Clarkson PM, Thompson HS. Antioxidants: what role to they play in physical activity and health? Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72 (suppl): 637S-646S.
3. Mantovani G, Macciò A, Madeddu C, et al. Reactive oxygen species, antioxidant mechanisms, and serum cytokine levels in cancer patients: impact of an antioxidant treatment. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2003; 22: 17-28.
4. Macciò A, Madeddu C, Panzone F, Mantovani G. Carbocysteine: clinical experience and new perspectives in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2009;10: 693-703.
5. Townsend DM, Tew KD, Tapiero H, et al. The importance of glutathione in human disease. Biomed Pharmacotherap 2003; 57: 145-155.
6. Heber D, Byerley LO, Chi J, et al. Pathophysiology of malnutrition in the adult cancer patient. Cancer 1986; 58: 1867-1873.
7. Bruera E. Clinical management of anorexia and cachexia in patients with advanced cancer. Oncology 1992; 49: 35-42.
8. Brennan MF. Uncomplicated starvation versus cancer cachexia. Cancer Res 1977; 37: 2359-2364.
9. Nelson K, Walsh D. Management of the anorexia/cachexia syndrome. Cancer Bull 1991; 43: 403-406.
10. Bruera E. ABC of palliative care. Anorexia, cachexia, and nutrition. BMJ 1997; 315: 1219-1222.
11. Evans WJ, Morley JE, Argilés J, et al. Cachexia: a new definition. Clin Nutr 2008; 27: 793-799.
12. Madeddu C, Macciò A, Panzone F, Tanca FM, Mantovani G. Medroxyprogesterone acetate in the management of cancer cachexia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2009; 10: 1359-1366.
13. Fearon K, Strasser F, Anker SD, et al. Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus. Lancet Oncol 2011; 12489-12495.
14. Laviano A, Meguid MM, Preziosa I, et al. Oxidative stress and wasting in cancer. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2007; 10: 449-456.
15. Sullivan-Gunn MJ, Campbell-O'Sullivan SP, Tisdale MJ, Lewandowski PA. Decreased NADPH oxidase expression and antioxidant activity in cachectic skeletal muscle. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2011; 2: 181-188.
16. Gomes-Marcondes MC, Tisdale MJ. Induction of protein catabolism and the ubiquitin - proteasome pathway by mild oxidative stress. Cancer Lett 2002; 180: 69-74.
17. Barreiro E, de la Puente B, Busquets S, et al. Both oxidative and nitrosative stress are associated with muscle wasting in tumourbearing rats. FEBS Lett 2005; 579: 1646-1652.
18. Figueras M, Busquets S, Carbo N, et al. Interleukin-15 is able to suppress the increased DNA fragmentation associated with muscle wasting in tumour- bearing rats. FEBS Lett 2004; 569: 201-206.
19. Souza J, Choi I, Chen Q, et al. Proteolytic degradation of tyrosine nitrated proteins. Arch Biochem Biophys 2000; 380: 360-366.
20. Russell ST, Eley H, Tisdale MJ. Role of reactive oxygen species in protein degradation in murine myotubes induced by proteolysisinducing factor and angiotensin II. Cell Signal 2007; 19: 1797-1806.
21. Moylan JS and Reid MB. Oxidative stress, chronic disease, and muscle wasting. Muscle Nerve 2007; 35; 411-429.
22. Mantovani G, Madeddu C. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and antioxidants in the treatment of cachexia. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2008; 2: 275-281.
23. Macciò A, Madeddu C, Massa D, et al. Interleukin-6 and leptin as markers of energy metabolic changes in advanced ovarian cancer patients. J Cell Mol Med 2008; doi: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00408.x
24. Mantovani G, Maccio A, Lai P, et al. Cytokine activity in cancerrelated anorexia/cachexia: role of megestrol acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate. Semin Oncol 1998; 25: 45-52.
25. Weijl NI, Cleton FJ, Osanto S. Free radicals and antioxidants in chemotherapy-induced toxicity. Cancer Treat Rev 1997; 23: 209-240.
26. Mantovani G, Maccio A, Madeddu C, et al. Antioxidant agents are effective in inducing lymphocyte progression through cell cycle in advanced cancer patients: assessment of the most important laboratoryindexes of cachexia and oxidative stress. J Mol Med 2003; 81: 664-673.
27. Mantovani G, Macciò A, Madeddu C, et al. Quantitative evaluationof oxidative stress, chronic inflammatory indices and leptin in cancer patients: correlation with stage and performance status. Int J Cancer 2002; 98: 84-91.
28. Macciò A, Madeddu C, Massa D, et al. Hemoglobin levels correlate with interleukin-6 levels in patients with advanced untreated epithelial ovarian cancer: role of inflammation in cancer-relatedanemia. Blood 2005; 106: 362-367.
29. Mantovani G, Macciò A, Madeddu C, et al. Reactive oxygen species, antioxidant mechanisms and serum cytokine levels in cancer patients: impact of an antioxidant treatment. J Cell Mol Med 2002; 6: 570-582.
30. Mantovani G, Macciò A, Melis GB, et al. Restoration of functional defects in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from cancer patients by thiol antioxidants alpha lipoic acid and N-acetyl cysteine. Int J Cancer 2000; 86: 842-847.
31. Macciò A, Lai P, Santona MC, Pagliara L, Melis GB, Mantovani G. High serum levels of soluble IL-2 receptor, cytokines, and C reactive protein correlate with impairment of T cell response in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 1998; 69: 248-252.
32. Kaplowitz N, Aw TY, Ookhtens M. The regulation of hepatic GSH. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1985; 25: 715-744.
33. Meister A, Anderson ME. Glutathione. Ann Rev Biochem 1983; 52: 711-760.
34. DeLeve L, Kaplowitz N. Importance and regulation of hepatic GSH. Sem Liver Dis 1990; 90: 251-256.
35. Suthanthiran M, Anderson ME, Sharma VK, et al. Glutathione regulates activation-dependent DNA synthesis in highly purified normal human T lymphocytes stimulated via the CD2 and CD3 antigens. Proc Natl Acadd Sci USA 1990; 87: 3343-3337.
36. Hogg N. The biochemistry and physiology of S-nitrosothiols. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2002; 42: 585-600.
37. Pompella A, Visvikis A, Paolicchi A, et al. The changing faces of glutathione, a cellular protagonist. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 66: 1499-1503.
38. Oja SS, Janaky R, Varga V. Modulation of glutamate receptor functions by glutathione. Neurochem Int 2000; 37: 299-306.
39. Lu SC. Regulation of hepatic glutathione synthesis: current concept and controversies. FASEB J 1999; 13: 1169-1183.
40. Fernandez-Checa J, Kaplowitz N, Garzia-Ruiz C. GSH transport in mitocondria: defense against TNF-induced oxidative stress and alcoholi-induced defect. Am J Physiol 1997; 273: G7-17.
41. Navarro J, Obrador E, Carretero J, et al. Changes in glutathione status and the antioxidant system in blood and in cancer cells associate with tumour growth in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 1999; 26: 410-418.
42. Packer L, Witt EH, Tritschler HJ. Alpha-Lipoic acid as a biological antioxidant. Free Radic Biol Med 1995; 19: 227-250.
43. Behr J, Maier K, Degenkolb B, et al. Antioxidative and clinical effects of high- dose N-acetylcysteine in fibrosing alveolitis. Adjunctive therapy to maintenance immunosuppression. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 156: 1897-1901.
44. McCall MR, Frei B. Can antioxidant vitamins materially reduce oxidative damage in humans? Free Radic Biol Med 1999; 26: 1034-1053.
45. Frei B, Stocker R, Ames BN. Antioxidant defenses and lipid peroxidation in human blood plasma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998;85: 9748-9752.
46. Hercberg S, Galan P, Preziosi P, et al. The potential role of antioxidant vitamins in preventing cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Nutrition 1998; 14: 513-520.
47. Bengmark S. Curcumin, an atoxic antioxidant and natural NF kappa B, cyclooxygenase-2, lipooxygenase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor: a shield against acute and chronic diseases. J Parenter Enter Nutr 2006; 30: 45-51.
48. Vinci E, Rampello E, Zanoli L, Oreste G, Pistone G, Malaguarnera M. Serum carnitine levels in patients with tumoral cachexia. Eur J Intern Med 2005; 16: 419-423.
49. Silvério R, Laviano A, Rossi Fanelli F, Seelaender M. L-carnitine and cancer cachexia: Clinical and experimental aspects. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2011; 2: 37-44.
50. Frascaria T, Laviano A, Bertini G, et al. Antioxidant-enriched diet improves anorexia in tumor bearing rats (abstract). e-SPEN, the European e-Journal of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism 2006; 1: 61.
51. Frascaria T, Laviano A, Bertini G, et al. Carnitine administration reduces cytokine levels, improves food intake and ameliorates body composition in tumor-bearing(TB) rats (abstract).e-SPEN. Eur e-J Clin Nutr Metab 2006; 1: 31-32.
52. Mantovani G, Maccio A, Madeddu C, et al. The impact of different antioxidant agents alone or in combination on reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzymes and cytokines in a series of advanced cancer patients at different sites: correlation with disease progression. Free Radic Res 2003; 37: 213-223.
53. Mantovani G, Maccio A, Madeddu C, et al. Reactive oxygen species, antioxidant mechanisms, and serum cytokine levels in cancer patients: impact of an antioxidant treatment. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2003; 22: 17-28.
54. Graziano F, Bisonni R, Catalano V, et al. Potential role of levocarnitine supplementation for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced fatigue in non-anaemic cancer patients. Br J Cancer 2002; 86: 1854-1857.
55. Gramignano G, Lusso MR, Madeddu C, et al. Efficacy of lcarnitine administration on fatigue, nutritional status, oxidative stress, and related quality of life in 12 advanced cancer patients undergoing anticancer therapy. Nutrition 2006; 22: 136-145.
56. Mantovani G, Maccio A, Madeddu C, et al. A phase II study with antioxidants, both in the diet and supplemented, pharmaconutritional support, progestagen, and anti cyclooxygenase-2 showing efficacy and safety in patients with cancer-related anorexia/cachexia and oxidative stress. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15: 1030-1034.
57. Mantovani G, Maccio A, Madeddu C, et al. Randomized phase III clinical trial of five different arms of treatment for patients with cancer cachexia: interim results. Nutrition 2008; 24: 305-313.
58. Mantovani G, Macciò A, Madeddu C, et al. Randomized phase III clinical trial of five different arms of treatment in 332 patients with cancer cachexia. Oncologist 2010; 15: 200-211.
59. Madeddu C, Dessì M, Panzone F et al. Randomized phase III clinical trial of a combined treatment with carnitine + celecoxib ± megestrol acetate for patients with cancer-related anorexia/cachexia syndrome. Clin Nutr doi: 10.1016/ j.clnu.2011.10.005. 2011.
60. Mantovani G, Macciò A, Massa E, Madeddu C. Managing cancerrelated anorexia/cachexia. Drugs 2001; 61: 499-514.
61. Mantovani G, Madeddu C, Maccio A, et al. Antioxidant therapy for the treatment of oxidative stress associated to cancer and cancerrelated anorexia/cachexia. Curr Nutr Food Sci 2007; 3: 184-193.