Updates in the management of intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury

Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology

Volumn 25, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 540-547

  Wijayatilake, Dhuleep S ^a   Shepherd, Stephen J ^b   Sherren, Peter B ^b  

^a QUEEN S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b BARTS HEALTH NHS TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

ICU; intracranial pressure; traumatic brain injury

Indexed keywords

BARBITURIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CARBON DIOXIDE; DEXTRAN; LACTATE SODIUM; MANNITOL;

AIR MEDICAL TRANSPORT; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; BRAIN HYPOXIA; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CARBON DIOXIDE BLOOD LEVEL; CONTINUOUS INFUSION; DECOMPRESSIVE CRANIECTOMY; EMERGENCY CARE; ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION; FLUID THERAPY; HUMAN; HYPERVENTILATION; INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; KIDNEY FAILURE; LUNG INFECTION; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); MICRODIALYSIS; OSMOTHERAPY; PERFUSION PRESSURE; PNEUMONIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RESPIRATION CONTROL; REVIEW; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (TOPIC); THROMBOSIS; TISSUE OXYGENATION; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY;

AIRWAY MANAGEMENT; BARBITURATES; BRAIN INJURIES; CARBON DIOXIDE; CEREBROVASCULAR CIRCULATION; COMA; DECOMPRESSIVE CRANIECTOMY; EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES; HUMANS; HYPERTONIC SOLUTIONS; HYPOTHERMIA, INDUCED; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE; MICRODIALYSIS; NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES; OSMOLAR CONCENTRATION; RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL;

EID: 84866366747     PISSN: 09527907     EISSN: 14736500     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e328357960a     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. Maegele M, Engel D, Bouillon B, et al. Incidence and outcome of traumatic brain injury in an urban area in Western Europe over 10 years. Eur Surg Res 2007; 39:372-379.
2. Ghajar J. Traumatic brain injury. Lancet 2000; 356:923-929.
3. Eckstein M, Chan L, Schneir A, Palmer R. Effect of prehospital advanced life support on outcomes of major trauma patients. J Trauma 2000; 48:643-648.
4. Elm von E, Schoettker P, Henzi I, et al. Prehospital tracheal intubation in patients with traumatic brain injury: systematic review of current evidence. Br J Anaesth 2009; 103:371-386.
5. Davis DP, Peay J, Sise MJ, et al. Prehospital airway and ventilation management: a trauma score and injury severity score-based analysis. J Trauma 2010; 69:294-301.
6. Bernard SA, Nguyen V, Cameron P, et al. Prehospital rapid sequence intubation improves functional outcome for patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Ann Surg 2010; 252:959-965.
7. Dumont TM, Visioni AJ, Rughani AI, et al. Inappropriate prehospital ventilation in severe traumatic brain injury increases in-hospital mortality. J Neurotrauma 2010; 27:1233-1241.
8. Caulfield EV, Dutton RP, Floccare DJ, et al. Prehospital hypocapnia and poor outcome after severe traumatic brain injury. J TraumaV66 2009; 1577-1583.
9. Bulger EM, May S, Brasel KJ, et al. Out-of-hospital hypertonic resuscitation following severe traumatic brain injury. JAMA 2010; 304:1455-1464.
10. Berlot G, La Fata C, Bacer B, et al. Influence of prehospital treatment on the outcome of patients with severe blunt traumatic brain injury: a single-centre study. Eur J Emerg Med 2009; 16:312-317.
11. Tazaroute K, Atchabahian A, Tourtier JP, et al. Prehospital transcranial Doppler in severe traumatic brain injury: a pilot study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2011; 55:422-428.
12. Lee S-W, Hong Y-S, Han C, et al. Concordance of end-tidal carbon dioxide and arterial carbon dioxide in severe traumatic brain injury. J Trauma 2009; 67:526-530.
13. Carrera E, Schmidt JM, Fernandez L, et al. Spontaneous hyperventilation and brain tissue hypoxia in patients with severe brain injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010; 81:793-797.
14. Curley G, Kavanagh BP, Laffey JG. Hypocapnia and the injured brain: more harm than benefit. Crit Care Med 2010; 38:1348-1359.
15. Wise B, Chater N. The value of hypertonic manniton in decreasing brain mass and lowering cerebrospinal fluid pressure. J Neurosurg 1962; 19:38-43.
16. Oddo M, Levine JM, Frangos S, et al. Effect of mannitol and hypertonic saline on cerebral oxygenation in patients with severe traumatic brain injury and refractory intracranial hypertension. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009; 80:916-920.
17. Kerwin AJ, Schinco MA, Tepas JJ III, et al. The use of 23.4% hypertonic saline for the management of elevated intracranial pressure in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: a pilot study. J Trauma 2009; 67:277-282.
18. Ichai C, Armando G, Orban J-C, et al. Sodium lactate versus mannitol in the treatment of intracranial hypertensive episodes in severe traumatic brain-injured patients. Intensive Care Med 2008; 35:471-479.
19. Rockswold GL, Solid CA, Paredes-Andrade E, et al. Hypertonic saline and its effect on intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, and brain tissue oxygen. Neurosurgery 2009; 65:1035-1042.
20. Farahvar A, Gerber LM, Chiu Y-L, et al. Response to Intracranial hypertension treatment as a predictor of death in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 2011; 115:191.
21. Baker AJ, Rhind SG, Morrison LJ, et al. Resuscitation with hypertonic saline-dextran reduces serum biomarker levels and correlates with outcome in severe traumatic brain injury patients. J Neurotrauma 2011; 26:1227-1240.
22. Froelich M, Ni Q, Wess C, et al. Continuous hypertonic saline therapy and the occurrence of complications in neurocritically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2009; 37:1433-1441.
23. Nolan J, Morley P, Hoek TV, Hickey R. Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest. Circulation 2003; 108:118-121.
24. Sydenham E, Roberts I, Alderson P, editors. Hypothermia for traumatic head injury (Review) [Internet]. Cochrane Library. 2009 [cited 30 November 2011]. Available from http://www.thecochranelibrary.com.
25. Lee HC, Chuang HC, Cho DY, et al. Applying cerebral hypothermia and brain oxygen monitoring in treating severe traumatic brain injury. World Neurosurg 2010; 74:654-660.
26. Masaoka H. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism during mild hypothermia in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. J Med Dent Sci 2010; 57:133-138.
27. Metzger J, Eastman A. Year in review 2008: critical care-trauma. Critical Care 2009; 13:226.
28. Brain Trauma Foundation, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Congress of Neurological Surgeons. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury, 3rd edition. J Neurotrauma 2007; 24:1-116.
29. Leon-Carrion J, Dominguez-Roldan JM, Leon-Dominguez U, Murillo-Cabezas F. The Infrascanner, a handheld device for screening in situ for the presence of brain haematomas. Brain Inj 2010; 24:1193-1201.
30. Rajajee V, Vanaman M, Fletcher JJ, Jacobs TL. Optic nerve ultrasound for the detection of raised intracranial pressure. Neurocrit Care 2011; 15:506-515.
31. Major R, Girling S, Boyle A. Ultrasound measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter in patients with a clinical suspicion of raised intracranial pressure. Emerg Med J 2011; 28:679-681.
32. Sharma D, Souter MJ, Moore AE, Lam AM. Clinical experience with tran-scranial Doppler ultrasonography as a confirmatory test for brain death: a retrospective analysis. Neurocrit Care 2011; 14:370-376.
33. ZENG T, Gao L. Management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury guided by intraventricular intracranial pressure monitoring: a report of 136 cases. Chin J Traumatol 2010; 13:146-151.
34. Peterson E, Chesnut RM. Static autoregulation is intact in majority of patients with severe traumatic brain injury. J Trauma 2009; 67:944-949.
35. Sviri GE, Aaslid R, Douville CM, et al. Time course for autoregulation recovery following severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 2009; 111:695-700.
36. Rosner MJ, Daughton S. Cerebral perfusion pressure management in head injury. J Trauma 1990; 30:933-940; discussion 940-941.
37. Consonni F, Abate M, Galli D, Citerio G. Feasibility of a continuous computerized monitoring of cerebral autoregulation in neurointensive care. Neurocrit Care 2009; 10:232-240.
38. Lavinio A, Rasulo FA, Peri E, et al. The relationship between the intracranial pressure-volume index and cerebral autoregulation. Intensive Care Med 2008; 35:546-549.
39. Sorrentino E, Budohoski KP, Kasprowicz M, et al. Critical thresholds for transcranial Doppler indices of cerebral autoregulation in traumatic brain injury. Neurocrit Care 2010; 14:188-193.
40. Johnson U, Nilsson P, Ronne-Engström E, et al. Favorable outcome in traumatic brain injury patients with impaired cerebral pressure autoregulation when treated at low cerebral perfusion pressure levels. Neurosurgery 2011; 68:714-722.
41. Eker C, Asgeirsson B, GRANDE PO, et al. Improved outcome after severe head injury with a new therapy based on principles for brain volume regulation and preserved microcirculation. Crit Care Med 1998; 26:1881-1886.
42. Grände P-O. PRO: the 'Lund concept' for treatment of patients with severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2011; 23:251-255.
43. Sharma D, Vavilala MS. Lund concept for the management of traumatic brain injury: a physiological principle awaiting stronger evidence. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2011; 23:363-367.
44. Spiotta AM, Stiefel MF, Gracias VH, et al. Brain tissue oxygen-directed management and outcome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 2010; 113:571-580.
45. Dagal A, Lam AM. Cerebral blood flow and the injured brain: how should we monitor and manipulate it? Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2011; 24:131-137.
46. Narotam PK, Morrison JF, Nathoo N. Brain tissue oxygen monitoring in traumatic brain injury and major trauma: outcome analysis of a brain tissue oxygen-directed therapy. J Neurosurg 2009; 111:672-682.
47. Chamoun R, Suki D, Gopinath SP, et al. Role of extracellular glutamate measured by cerebral microdialysis in severe traumatic brain injury. J Neuro-surgV 113 2010; 564-570.
48. Timofeev I, Carpenter KLH, Nortje J, et al. Cerebral extracellular chemistry and outcome following traumatic brain injury: a microdialysis study of 223 patients. Brain 2011; 134:484-494.
49. Bhatia A, Gupta AK. Neuromonitoring in the intensive care unit. II. Cerebral oxygenation monitoring and microdialysis. Intensive Care Med 2007; 33:1322-1328.
50. Eisenberg HM, Frankowski RF, Contant CF, et al. High-dose barbiturate control of elevated intracranial pressure in patients with severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1988; 69:15-23.
51. Roberts ISE. Barbiturates for acute traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000; 2:CD000033.
52. Marshall GT, James RF, Landman MP, et al. Pentobarbital coma for refractory intra-cranial hypertension after severe traumatic brain injury: mortality predictions and one-year outcomes in 55 patients. J Trauma 2010; 69: 275-283.
53. Cottenceau V, Petit L, Masson F, et al. The use of bispectral index to monitor barbiturate coma in severely brain-injured patients with refractory intracranial hypertension. Anesth Analg 2008; 107:1676-1682.
54. Prins SA, De Hoog M, Blok JH, et al. Continuous noninvasive monitoring of barbiturate coma in critically ill children using the Bispectral index monitor. Crit Care 2007; 11:R108.
55. Davella D, Brambilla G, Delfini R. Guidelines for the treatment of adults with severe head trauma (part III). Criteria for surgical treatment. J Neurosurg Sci 2000; 44:19-24.
56. Cooper DJ, Rosenfeld JV, Murray L, et al. Decompressive craniectomy in diffuse traumatic brain injury. N Engl J Med 2011; 364:1493-1502.
57. Taylor A, Butt W, Rosenfeld J, et al. A randomized trial of very early decom-pressive craniectomy in children with traumatic brain injury and sustained intracranial hypertension. Childs Nerv Syst 2001; 17:154-162.
58. Hutchinson PJ, Menon DK, Kirkpatrick PJ. Decompressive craniectomy in traumatic brain injury? Time for randomised trials? Acta Neurochir 2004; 147:1-3.
59. Lea PMT, FAden AI. Traumatic brain injury: developmental differences in glutamate receptor response and the impact on treatment. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 2001; 7:235-248.
60. Nachsen DA, Sanchez-Armass S, Weinstein AM. The regulation of cytosolic calcium in rat brain synaptosomes by sodium-dependent calcium efflux. J Physiol 1986; 381:17-28.
61. Siesjo BK. Historical overview: calcium ischaemia and death of brain cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1988; 522:638-661.
62. Bullock R, Zauner A, Woodward JJ, et al. Factors affecting excitatory amino acid release following severe human head injury. J Neurosurg 1998; 89:507-518.
63. Bink R, Mcintosh TK, Demediuk P, et al. Decline in intracellular free magnesium concentration is associated with irreversible tissue injury following brain trauma. J Biol Chem 1998; 263:757-761.
64. Heath DL, Vink R. Traumatic brain axonal injury produces sustained decline in intracellular free magnesium concentration. Brain Res 1996; 738:150-153.
65. Giacino JT, Whyte J, Bagiella E, et al. Placebo-controlled trial of amantadine for severe traumatic brain injury. N Engl J Med 2012; 366:819-826.