Hybrid UV-cured organic-inorganic IPNs

European Polymer Journal

Volumn 48, Issue 10, 2012, Pages 1796-1804

  Sangermano, Marco ^a   Cook, Wayne D ^b   Papagna, Simone ^a   Grassini, Sabrina ^a  

^a POLITECNICO DI TORINO   (Italy)

^b MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

DMTA and TGA; FTIR of cure; Organo ceramic hybrid IPNs; Phase separation and morphology

Indexed keywords

BIS-GMA; DIGLYCIDYL ETHER; DIMETHACRYLATES; DMTA AND TGA; FTIR; INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS; INORGANIC PRECURSOR; MONOMER MIXTURES; NANOMETRIC SIZE; NANOSILICA PARTICLES; ORGANIC-INORGANIC; ORGANO-CERAMIC HYBRID IPNS; PHOTOCURING KINETICS; REINFORCING EFFECTS; RESIDUAL CHAR; TETRAKIS; TWO PHASE MORPHOLOGY; TWO-PHASE STRUCTURES; UV CURABLE;

DEGRADATION; ETHERS; HYDROLYSIS; INORGANIC COATINGS; MONOMERS; MORPHOLOGY; PHASE SEPARATION; PHENOLS; SILICA;

CURING;

EID: 84866091107     PISSN: 00143057     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.07.002     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Utracki LA. In: Klempner D, Sperling LH, Utracki LA, editors. "Interpenetrating polymer networks", New York; Plenum Press: 1994. p. 77-123.
2. J.M. Widmaier Microphase separation during the concurrent formation of two polymer networks Macro Symp 93 1995 179 186
3. S.C. Kim, and L.H. Sperling IPNs around the world - science and engineering 1997 John Wiley and Sons New York
4. A. Karim, and Douglas Polymer-surface interactions in nanofilled polymers J Polym Mater Sci Eng 82 2000 205 211
5. E. Raphael Demixing of a molten polymer blend in a confined geometry J Phys 50 1989 803 808
6. P. Cifra, F.E. Karasz, and W.J. MacKnight Interference of spinodal waves in thin polymer films J Polym Sci Phys 30 1992 1401 1407
7. G. Krausch, C.-A. Dai, E.J. Kramer, and J.F. Marko Interference of spinodal waves in thin polymer films Macromolecules 26 1993 5566 5571
8. K. Tanaka, J.-S. Yoon, A. Takahara, and T. Kajiyama Ultrathinning-induced surface phase separation of polystyrene/poly(vinyl methyl ether) blend film Macromolecules 28 1995 934 938
9. A. Karim, T.M. Slawecki, S.K. Kumar, J.F. Douglas, S.K. Satija, and C.C. Han Phase-separation-induced surface patterns in thin polymer blend films Macromolecules 31 1998 857-6
10. J.J. Fay, C.J. Murphy, D.A. Thomas, and L.H. Sperling Effect of morphology, crosslink density, and miscibility on interpenetrating polymer network damping effectiveness Polym Eng Sci 31 1991 1731 1739
11. Miles IS, Rostami S. Multicomponent Polymer Systems. Longman: UK; 1992.
12. J. Delmonte Metal-polymer composites 1989 Van Nostrand Reinhold New York
13. R.H. Grubbs Hybrid metal-polymer composites from functional block copolymers J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 43 2005 4323 4336
14. C. Decker, T. Nguyen Thi Viet, D. Decker, and E. Weber-Koehl UV-radiation curing of acrylate/epoxide systems Polymer 42 2001 5531 5543
15. C. Decker, H. Le Xuan, and T. Nguyen Thi Viet Photocrosslinking of functionalized rubber III. Polymerization of multifunctional monomers in epoxidized liquid natural rubber J Polym Sci Polym Chem 34 1996 1771 1788
16. L. Lecamp, C. Pavillon, P. Lebaudy, and C. Bunel Influence of temperature and nature of photoinitiator on the formation kinetics of an interpenetrating network photocured from an epoxide/methacrylate system Eur Polym J 41 2005 169 174
17. Y. Lin, and J.W. Stansbury Kinetics studies of hybrid structure formation by controlled photopolymerization Polymer 44 2003 4781 4788
18. J.D. Cho, and J.W. Hong UV-initiated free radical and cationic photopolymerizations of acrylate/epoxide and acrylate/vinyl ether hybrid systems with and without photosensitizer J Appl Polym Sc 93 2004 1473 1478
19. S.K. Rajaraman, W.A. Mowers, and J.V. Crivello Novel hybrid monomers bearing cycloaliphatic epoxy and 1-propenyl ether groups Macromolecules 32 1999 36 44
20. K. Dean, and W.D. Cook Effect of curing sequence on the photopolymerization and thermal curing kinetics of dimethacrylate/epoxy interpenetrating polymer networks Macromolecules 35 2002 7942 7954
21. J.P. Fouassier Radiation curing in polymer science and technology vol. 1 1993 Elsevier London
22. M. Sangermano, G. Malucelli, R. Bongiovanni, and A. Priola Photopolymerization of oxetane based systems Eur Polym J 40 2004 353 359
23. M. Sangermano, G. Malucelli, A. Priola, and M. Manea Synthesis and characterization of acrylate-oxetane interpenetrating polymer networks through a thermal-UV dual cure process Prog Org Coat 55 2006 225-23
24. Seymour RB. Polymer composites. VSP: Ultrecht; 1990.
25. M. Uygun, W.D. Cook, C. Moorhoff, F. Chen, C. Vallo, and Y. Yagci Photopolymerization kinetics and dynamic mechanical properties of silane hydrolysed without evolution of byproducts. Tetrakis(methacryloyloxyethoxy) silane-diethylene glycol dimethacrylate Macromolecules 44 2011 1792 1800
26. R.S. Davidson, R. Ellis, S. Tudor, and S.A. Wilkinson The photopolymerization of acrylates and methacrylates containing silicon Polymer 33 1992 3031 3036
27. C. Decker Photoinitiated crosslinking polymerisation Prog Polym Sci 21 1996 593 601
28. M. Sangermano, W. Carbonaro, G. Malucelli, and A. Priola UV Cured interpenetrating acrylic-epoxy polymer networks: preparation and characterization Macromol Mat Eng 293 2008 515 520
29. P. Hayden, and H. Mellville The kinetics of the polymerization of methyl methacrylate. II. The crosslinked and heterogeneous reaction J Polym Sci 43 1960 215 223
30. S. Loshaek, and T.G. Fox Cross-linked polymers. I. Factors influencing the efficiency of cross-linking in copolymers of methyl methacrylate and glycol dimethacrylates J Am Chem Soc 75 1953 3544 3550
31. M.T. Aronhime, and J.K. Gillham Time-temperature-transformation (TTT) cure diagram of thermosetting polymeric systems Adv Polym Sci 78 1986 83 113
32. W.D. Cook, F. Chen, S.K. Ooi, C. Moorhoff, and R. Knott Effect of curing order on the curing kinetics and morphology of bisGMA/DGEBA interpenetrating polymer networks Polym Int 55 2006 1027 1039
33. C.W. Wise, W.D. Cook, and A.A. Goodwin CTBN rubber phase precipitation in model epoxy resins Polymer 41 2000 4625 4633
34. W.D. Cook Photopolymerization kinetics of oligo(ethylene oxide) and oligo(methylene) oxide dimethacrylates Polymer 33 1992 2152 2161
35. E.F. Oleinik Epoxy-aromatic amine networks in the glassy state structure and properties Adv Polym Sci 80 1986 49 99
36. W.D. Cook Photopolymerization kinetics of oligo(ethylene oxide) and oligo(methylene) oxide dimethacrylates J Polym Sci Polym Chem 31 1993 1053 1067
37. K. Dean, W.D. Cook, P. Burchill, and M. Zipper Curing behaviour of IPNs formed from model VERs and epoxy systems. I Amine cured epoxy Polymer 42 2001 1345 1359
38. K.M. Dean, W.D. Cook, and M.Y. Lin Small angle neutron scatttering and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis of dimethacrylate/epoxy IPNs Eur Polym J 42 2006 2872 2887
39. K. Dean, W.D. Cook, L. Rey, J. Galy, and H. Sautereau NIR and rheological investigations of blends of thermosetting resins Macromolecules 34 2001 6623 6630
40. F. Chen, and W.D. Cook Curing kinetics and morphology of IPNs from a flexible dimethacrylate and a rigid epoxy via sequential photo and thermal polymerization Eur Polym J 44 2008 1796 1813
41. J.V. Crivello The discovery and development of onium salt cationic photoinitiators J Polym Sci Polym Chem 37 1999 4241 4249
42. J.V. Crivello, and M. Sangermano Visible and long wavelength photoinitiated cationic polymerization J Polym Sci Polym Chem 39 2001 343 356
43. B.A. Rozenberg Kinetics, thermodynamics and mechanism of reactions of epoxy oligomers with amines Adv Polym Sci 75 1986 113 165
44. L.E. Nielsen Mechanical properties of polymers and composites 1994 Marcel Dekker New York
45. K. Dean, and W.D. Cook Azo initiator selection to control the curing order in epoxy/dimethacrylate IPNs Polym Int 53 2004 1305 1313
46. P.J. Flory Principles of polymer chemistry 1953 Cornell University Press New York
47. Beyler CL, Hirschler MM. Thermal Decomposition of Polymers, Chapter 7 in SFPE "Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering" (3rd Ed.), Editor-in-chief: DiNenno P.J., NFPA, Quincy: MA; 2001.
48. S.V. Levchik, and E.D. Weil Thermal decomposition, combustion and flame-retardancy of epoxy resins - a review of the recent literature Polym Int 53 2004 1901 1929
49. L.-H. Lee Mechanisms of thermal degradation of phenolic condensation polymers. II. Thermal stability and degradation schemes of epoxy resins J Polym SciPart A: Polym Chem 3 1965 859 882
50. W. Liu, R.J. Varley, and G.P. Simon Understanding the decomposition and fire performance processes in phosphorus and nanomodified high performance epoxy resins and composites Polymer 48 2007 2345 2354
51. L.-H. Lee Mechanisms of thermal degradation of phenolic condensation polymers. II. Thermal stability and degradation schemes of epoxy resins J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 3 1965 859 882
52. G.-H. Kwak, S.-J. Park, and J.-R. Lee Thermal stability and mechanical behavior of cycloaliphatic-DGEBA epoxy blend system initiated by cationic latent catalyst J App Polym Sci 78 2000 290 297
53. J. Canadell, A. Mantecon, and V. Cadiz Novel silicon-containing spiroorthoester to confer combined flame retardancy and low shrinkage properties to epoxy resins J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 45 2007 4211 4224
54. D.S. Achilias, M.M. Karabela, and I.D. Sideridou Thermal degradation of light-cured dimethacrylate resins. Part I. Isoconversional kinetic analysis Thermochim Acta 472 2008 74 83
55. F.M. Uhl, G.F. Levchik, S.V. Levchik, C. Dick, J.J. Liggat, and C.C. Snape The thermal stability of cross-linked polymers: methyl methacrylate with divinylbenzene and styrene with dimethacrylates Polym Degrad Stab 71 2001 317 325
56. K. Pielichowski, D. Bogdal, J. Pielichowski, and A. Boron Thermal decomposition of the copolymers based on long-chained diol dimethacrylates and BIS-GMA/TEGDMA Thermochim Acta 307 1997 155 165
57. K. Dusek, L. Matejka, P. Spacek, and H. Winter Network formation in the free-radical copolymerization of a bismaleimide and styrene Polymer 37 1996 2233 2242
58. J. Duan, C. Kim, Z. Yun, and P. Jiang Morphology and thermal and dielectric behavior of cycloaliphatic epoxy/trimethacrylate interpenetrating polymer networks for vacuum-pressure-impregnation electrical insulation J Appl Polym Sci 110 2008 3096 3106
59. P. Zhou, H.L. Frisch, L. Rogovina, L. Makarova, Zhdanov, and N. Sergeienko Interpenetrating polymer networks of poly(dimethyl siloxane-urethane) and poly(methyl methacrylate) J Polym Sci Polym Chem 31 1993 2481 2491