Impacts of a long-term programme of active surveillance and chlorhexidine baths on the clinical and molecular epidemiology of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in an Intensive Care Unit in Scotland

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

Volumn 40, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 323-331

  Sangal, Vartul ^a   Girvan, E Kirsty ^b   Jadhav, Sagar ^a   Lawes, Timothy ^c   Robb, Andrew ^b   Vali, Leila ^d   Edwards, Giles F ^b   Yu, Jun ^a   Gould, Ian M ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE   (United Kingdom)

^b STOBHILL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^c ABERDEEN ROYAL INFIRMARY   (United Kingdom)

^d KUWAIT UNIVERSITY   (Kuwait)

Author keywords

Active surveillance; Chlorhexidine baths; ICU; MRSA

Indexed keywords

BACITRACIN ZINC PLUS POLYMYXIN B; CHLORHEXIDINE; CHLORHEXIDINE PLUS NEOMYCIN SULFATE; CIPROFLOXACIN; CLINDAMYCIN; ERYTHROMYCIN; FUCIDIN CREAM; FUSIDATE SODIUM; FUSIDIC ACID; GENTAMICIN; IMIPENEM; KANAMYCIN; NASEPTIN CREAM; NEOMYCIN; OXACILLIN; PENICILLIN G; POLYFAX OINTMENT; POLYPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; PSEUDOMONIC ACID; SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; TOBRAMYCIN; TRIMETHOPRIM; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ACINETOBACTER; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ARTICLE; BACTEREMIA; BACTERIUM CULTURE; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; CLONE; COAGULASE NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS; ESCHERICHIA COLI; GENOTYPE; GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIUM; INFECTION CONTROL; INTENSIVE CARE; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; METHICILLIN SUSCEPTIBLE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MOLECULAR TYPING; MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE TYPING; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSEUDOMONAS; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; PULSED FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; SCREENING; SPA TYPING; UNITED KINGDOM;

ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, LOCAL; BACTERIAL TYPING TECHNIQUES; BATHS; CHLORHEXIDINE; CROSS INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MONITORING; HUMANS; INFECTION CONTROL; INTENSIVE CARE UNITS; METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MOLECULAR TYPING; SCOTLAND; STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS;

EID: 84866047443     PISSN: 09248579     EISSN: 18727913     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.06.007     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. I.M. Gould, F.M. MacKenzie, G. MacLennan, D. Pacitti, E.J. Watson, and D.W. Noble Topical antimicrobials in combination with admission screening and barrier precautions to control endemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an intensive care unit Int J Antimicrob Agents 29 2007 536 543
2. A. Kurup, N. Chlebicka, K.Y. Tan, E.X. Chen, L. Oon, and T.A. Ling Active surveillance testing and decontamination strategies in intensive care units to reduce methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections Am J Infect Control 38 2010 361 367
3. I.M. Gould Use of active surveillance cultures in intensive care units Clin Infect Dis 48 2009 262 263
4. J.V. Robotham, N. Graves, B.D. Cookson, A.G. Barnett, J.A. Wilson, and J.D. Edgeworth Screening, isolation, and decolonisation strategies in the control of meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in intensive care units: cost effectiveness evaluation BMJ 343 2011 d5694 10.1136/bmj.d5694
5. J.D. Edgeworth, G. Yadegarfar, S. Pathak, R. Batra, J.D. Cockfield, and D. Wyncoll An outbreak in an intensive care unit of a strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus sequence type 239 associated with an increased rate of vascular access device-related bacteremia Clin Infect Dis 44 2007 493 501
6. S. Khandavilli, P. Wilson, B. Cookson, J. Cepeda, G. Bellingan, and J. Brown Utility of spa typing for investigating the local epidemiology of MRSA on a UK intensive care ward J Hosp Infect 71 2009 29 35
7. M. Aires-de-Sousa, K. Boye, H. de Lencastre, A. Deplano, M.C. Enright, and J. Etienne High interlaboratory reproducibility of DNA sequence-based typing of bacteria in a multicenter study J Clin Microbiol 44 2006 619 621
8. M.C. Enright, N.P. Day, C.E. Davies, S.J. Peacock, and B.G. Spratt Multilocus sequence typing for characterization of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible clones of Staphylococcus aureus J Clin Microbiol 38 2000 1008 1015
9. D. Harmsen, H. Claus, W. Witte, J. Rothgänger, H. Claus, and D. Turnwald Typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a university hospital setting by using novel software for spa repeat determination and database management J Clin Microbiol 41 2003 5442 5448
10. D.C. Melles, L. Schouls, P. François, S. Herzig, H.A. Verbrugh, and A. van Belkum High-throughput typing of Staphylococcus aureus by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) or multi-locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) reveals consistent strain relatedness Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 28 2009 39 45
11. D.A. Robinson, and M.C. Enright Multilocus sequence typing and the evolution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clin Microbiol Infect 10 2004 92 97
12. B.D. Cookson, D.A. Robinson, A.B. Monk, S. Murchan, A. Deplano, and R. de Ryck Evaluation of molecular typing methods in characterizing a European collection of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains: the HARMONY collection J Clin Microbiol 45 2007 1830 1837
13. T. Bosch, A.J. de Neeling, L.M. Schouls, K.W. van der Zwaluw, J.A. Kluytmans, and H. Grundmann PFGE diversity within the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clonal lineage ST398 BMC Microbiol 10 2010 40
14. S.L. Rong, and S.N. Leonard Heterogeneous vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: a review of epidemiology, diagnosis, and clinical significance Ann Pharmacother 44 2010 844 850
15. N. Noguchi, H. Nakaminami, S. Nishijima, I. Kurokawa, H. So, and M. Sasatsu Antimicrobial agent of susceptibilities and antiseptic resistance gene distribution among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients with impetigo and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome J Clin Microbiol 44 2006 2119 2125
16. M.M. Alam, N. Kobayashi, N. Uehara, and N. Watanabe Analysis on distribution and genomic diversity of high-level antiseptic resistance genes qacA and qacB in human clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus Microb Drug Resist 9 2003 109 121
17. K. Smith, C.G. Gemmell, and I.S. Hunter The association between biocide tolerance and the presence or absence of qac genes among hospital-acquired and community-acquired MRSA isolates J Antimicrob Chemother 61 2008 78 84
18. T.L. Bannerman, G.A. Hancock, F.C. Tenover, and J.M. Miller Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis as a replacement for bacteriophage typing of Staphylococcus aureus J Clin Microbiol 33 1995 551 555
19. D. Opacic, A. Lepsanovic, and G. Sbutega-Milosevic Distribution of disinfectant resistance genes qacA/B in clinical isolates of meticillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in one Belgrade hospital J Hosp Infect 76 2010 266 267
20. C. Wang, P. Cai, Q. Zhan, Z. Mi, Z. Huang, and G. Chen Distribution of antiseptic-resistance genes qacA/B in clinical isolates of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in China J Hosp Infect 69 2008 393 394
21. R. Batra, B.S. Cooper, C. Whiteley, A.K. Patel, D. Wyncoll, and J.D. Edgeworth Efficacy and limitation of a chlorhexidine-based decolonization strategy in preventing transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an intensive care unit Clin Infect Dis 50 2010 210 217
22. S. Mayer, M. Boos, A. Beyer, A.C. Fluit, and F.J. Schmitz Distribution of the antiseptic resistance genes qacA, qacB and qacC in 497 methicillin- resistant and -susceptible European isolates of Staphylococcus aureus J Antimicrob Chemother 47 2001 896 897
23. C.F. Teixeira, T.B. Pereira, N.H.T. Miyazaki, and M.H.S. Villas Boas Widespread distribution of qacA/B gene among coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil J Hosp Infect 75 2010 333 334
24. A.E. Simor, T.L. Stuart, L. Louie, C. Watt, M. Ofner-Agostini, and D. Gravel Mupirocin-resistant, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in Canadian hospitals Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51 2007 3880 3886
25. F.M. MacKenzie, J.M. Lopez-Lozano, D.L. Monnet, D. Stuart, A. Beyaert, and R. Wilson Temporal relationship between prevalence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in one hospital and prevalence of MRSA in the surrounding community: a time-series analysis J Hosp Infect 67 2007 225 231
26. J.S. Reilly, S. Stewart, P. Christie, G.M. Allardice, T. Stari, and A. Matheson Universal screening for meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in acute care: risk factors and outcome from a multicentre study J Hosp Infect 80 2012 31 35
27. T. Lawes, B. Edwards, J.M. López-Lozano, and I. Gould Trends in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia and impacts of infection control practices including universal MRSA admission screening in a hospital in Scotland, 2006-2010: retrospective cohort study and time-series intervention analysis BMJ Open 2 2012 pii: e000797
28. A.C. Hunt, B. Edwards, E.K. Girvan, B. Cosgrove, G.F. Edwards, and I.M. Gould Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in northeastern Scotland in 2003 to 2007: evolving strain distribution and resistance patterns J Clin Microbiol 49 2011 1975 1978
29. C.L. Moore, P. Osaki-Kiyan, M. Perri, S. Donabedian, N.Z. Haque, and A. Chen USA600 (ST45) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections in urban Detroit J Clin Microbiol 48 2010 2307 2310
30. H.M. Frénay, A.E. Bunschoten, L.M. Schouls, W.J. van Leeuwen, C.M. Vandenbroucke-Grauls, and J. Verhoef Molecular typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on the basis of protein A gene polymorphism Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 15 1996 60 64