Analysis on distribution and genomic diversity of high-level antiseptic resistance genes qacA and qacB in human clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus

Microbial Drug Resistance

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 109-121

  Alam, Mohammed Mahbub ^a   Kobayashi, Nobumichi ^a   Uehara, Nobuyuki ^a   Watanabe, Naoki ^a  

^a SAPPORO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ETHIDIUM BROMIDE;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; EVOLUTION; GENE INSERTION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); INSERTION SEQUENCES; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS;

EID: 0037599378     PISSN: 10766294     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/107662903765826697     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Ayliffe, G.A.J. 1997. The progressive intercontinental spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin. Infect. Dis. 24 (Suppl 1):S74-S79.
2. Brown, M.H., and R.A. Skurray. 2001. Staphylococcal multidrug efflux protein QacA. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 3:163-170.
3. Byrne, M.E., D.A. Rouch, and R.A. Skurray. 1989. Nucleotide sequence analysis of IS256 from the Staphylococcus aureus gentamicin-tobramycin-kanamycin-resistance transposon Tn4001. Gene 81:364-367.
4. Grinius, L., G. Dreguniene, E.B. Goldberg, C.-H. Liao, and S.J. Projan. 1992. A staphylococcal multidrug resistance gene product is a member of a new protein family. Plasmid 27:119-129.
5. Grinius, L.L., and E.B. Goldberg. 1994. Bacterial multidrug resistance is due to a single membrane protein which function as a drug pump. J. Biol. Chem. 269:29998-30004.
6. Grkovic, S., M.H. Brown, N.J. Roberts, I.T. Paulsen, and R.A. Skurray. 1998. QacR is a repressor protein that regulates expression of the Staphylococcus aureus multidrug efflux pump QacA. J. Biol. Chem. 273:18665-18673.
7. Heir, E., G. Sundheim, and A.L. Holck. 1995. Resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds in Staphylococcus spp. isolated from the food industry and nucleotide sequence of the resistance plasmid pST827. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 79:149-156.
8. Heir, E., G. Sundheim, and A.L. Holck. 1998. The staphylococcus qacH gene product: a new member of the SMR family encoding multidrug resistance. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 163:49-56.
9. Heir, E., G. Sundheim, and A.L. Holck. 1999. The qacG gene on plasmid pST94 confers resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds in staphylococci isolated from the food industry. J. Appl. Microbiol. 86:378-388.
10. Ida, T., M. Nonoyama, T. Hasobe, C. Shimauchi, and M. Inoue. 1994. Epidemiologic survey of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from 34 hospitals in Japan. Jpn. J. Antibiot. 47:585-594.
11. Kazama, H., H. Hamashima, M. Sasatsu, and T. Arai. 1998. Distribution of the antiseptic resistance gene qacEA 1 in gram-positive bacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 165:295-299.
12. Kobayashi N., H. Wu, K. Kojima, K. Taniguchi, S. Urasawa, N. Uehara, Y. Omizu, Y. Kishi, A. Yagihashi, and I. Kurokawa. 1994. Detection of mecA, femA, and femB genes in clinical strains of staphylococci using polymerase chain reaction. Epidemiol. Infect. 113:259-266.
13. Kobayashi N, S. Urasawa, N. Uehara, and N. Watanabe. 1999. Analysis of genomic diversity within the Xr-region of the protein A gene in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Epidemiol. Infect. 122:241-249.
14. Kupferwasser, L.I., R.A. Skurray, M.H. Brown, N. Firth, M.R. Yeamen, and A.S. Bayer. 1999. Plasmid-mediated resistance to thrombin-induced platelet microbicidal protein in staphylococci: role of the qacA locus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43:2395-2399.
15. Kuroda, M., T. Ohta, I. Uchiyama, T. Baba, H. Yuzawa, I. Kobayashi, L. Cui, A. Oguchi, K. Aoki, Y. Nagai, J. Lian, T. Ito, M. Kanamori, H. Matsumaru, A. Maruyama, H. Murakami, A. Hosoyama, Y. Mizutani-Ui, N.K. Takahashi, T. Sawano, R. Inoue, C. Kaito, K. Sekimizu, H. Hirakawa, S. Kuhara, S. Goto, J. Yabuzaki, M. Kanehisa, A. Yamashita, K. Oshima, K. Furuya, C. Yoshino, T. Shiba, M. Hattori, N. Ogasawara, H. Hayashi, and K. Hiramatsu. 2001. Whole genome sequencing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Lancet 357:1218-1219.
16. Levy, S.B. 1992. Active efflux mechanisms for antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrob, Agents Chemother. 36:695-703.
17. Littlejohn, T.G., D. DiBerardino, L.J. Messerotti, S.J. Spiers, and R.A. Skurray. 1990. Structure and evolution of a family of genes encoding antiseptic and disinfectant resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Gene 101:59-66.
18. Littlejohn, T.G., I.T. Paulsen, M.T. Gillespie, J.M. Tennent, M. Midgley, I.G. Jones, A.S. Purewal, and R.A. Skurray. 1992. Substrate specificity and energetics of antiseptic and disinfectant resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 95: 259-266.
19. Lyon, B.R., and R. Skurray. 1987. Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus: genetic basis. Microbiol. Rev. 51:88-134.
20. Marger, M.D., and M.H. Saier Jr. 1993. A major superfamily of transmembrane facilitators that catalyse uniport, symport and antiport. Trends Biochem. Sci, 18:248-249.
21. Mayer, S. M. Boos, A. Beyer, A.C. Fluit, and F.-J. Schmitz. 2001. Distribution of the antiseptic resistance genes qacA, qacB and qacC in 497 methicillin-resistant and -susceptible European isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 47: 896-897.
22. Mitchell, B.A., M.H. Brown, and R.A. Skurray. 1998. QacA multidrug efflux pump from Staphylococcus aureus: comparative analysis of resistance to diamidines, biguanidines, and guanylhydrazones. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:475-477.
23. rd ed. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Villanova, PA.
24. Noguchi, N., M. Hase, M. Kitta, M. Sasatsu, K. Deguchi, and M. Kono. 1999. Antiseptic susceptibility and distribution of antiseptic-resistance genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 172:247-253.
25. Paulsen, I.T., M.H. Brown, S.J. Dunstan, and R.A. Skurray. 1995. Molecular characterization of the staphylococcal multidrug resistance export protein QacC. J. Bacteriol. 177:2827-2833.
26. Paulsen, I.T., R.A. Skurray, R. Tam, M.H. Saier Jr., R.J. Turner, J.H. Weiner, E.B. Goldberg, and L.L. Grinius. 1996. The SMR family: a novel family of multidrug efflux proteins involved with the efflux of lipophilic drugs. Mol. Microbiol. 19: 1167-1175.
27. Paulsen, I.T., M.H. Brown, T.G. Littlejohn, B.A. Mitchell, and R.A. Skurray. 1996. Multidrug resistance proteins QacA and QacB from Staphylococcus aureus: membrane topology and identification of residues involved in substrate specificity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:3630-3635.
28. Paulsen, I.T., M.H. Brown, and R.A. Skurray. 1998. Characterization of the earliest known Staphylococcus aureus plasmid encoding a multidrug efflux system. J. Bacteriol. 180:3477-3479.
29. Rouch, D.A., and R.A. Skurray. 1989. IS257 from Staphylococcus aureus: member of an insertion sequence superfamily prevalent among Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Gene 76: 195-205.
30. Rouch, D.A., D.S. Cram, D. DiBerardino, T.G. Littlejohn, and R.A. Skurray. 1990. Efflux-mediated antiseptic resistance gene qacA from Staphylococcus aureus: common ancestry with tetracycline- and sugar-transport proteins. Mol. Microbiol. 4:2051-2062.
31. Sasatsu, M., K. Shima, Y. Shibata, and M. Kono. 1989. Nucleotide sequence of a gene that encodes resistance to ethidium bromide from a transferable plasmid in Staphylococcus aureus. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:10103.
32. Sasatsu, M., K. Shimizu, N. Noguchi, K. Deguchi, and M. Kono. 1995. Distribution of antiseptic-resistant strains in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Jpn. J. Hosp. Pharm. 21:43-47.
33. Sidhu, M.S., E. Heir, H. Sorum, A. Holck. 2001. Genetic linkage between resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds and beta-lactam antibiotics in food-related Staphylococcus spp. Microb. Drug Resist. 7:363-371.
34. Tennent, J.M., B.R. Lyon, M.T. Gillespie, J.W. May, and R.A. Skurray. 1985. Changing and expression of Staphylococcus aureus plasmid-mediated quaternary ammonium resistance in Escherichia coli. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 27:79-83.
35. Townsend, D.E., N. Ashdown, M. Momoh, and W.B. Grubb. 1985. Distribution of plasmid-borne resistance to nucleic acid binding compounds in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 27:79-83.
36. van Veen, H.W., and W.N. Konings. 1997. Drug efflux proteins in multidrug resistant bacteria. Biol. Chem. 378:769-777.
37. Zen-yoji, H., T. Terayama, and M. Enoki. 1962. Studies on staphylococcal coagulase. III. Further studies on the antigenic specificity and typing of staphylococcal coagulase and distribution of anticoagulases in normal human sera. Jpn. J. Microbiol. 6:59-68.