Tunable metamaterials for controlling THz radiation

IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology

Volumn 2, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 538-549

  Vendik, Irina B ^a   Vendik, Orest G ^a   Odit, Mikhail A ^a   Kholodnyak, Dmitry V ^a   Zubko, Svetlana P ^a   Sitnikova, Margarita F ^a   Turalchuk, Pavel A ^a   Zemlyakov, Kirill N ^a   Munina, Irina V ^a   Kozlov, Dmitry S ^a   Turgaliev, Viacheslav M ^a   Ustinov, Alexey B ^a   Park, Yeonsang ^b   Kihm, Jinyun ^b   Lee, Chang Won ^b  

^a SAINT PETERSBURG ELECTROTECHNICAL UNIVERSITY LETI   (Russian Federation)

^b Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT)   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Terahertz (THz); tunable metamaterial

Indexed keywords

ARTIFICIAL STRUCTURES; EFFICIENT INTERACTION; NATURAL MATERIALS; TERAHERTZ; TERAHERTZ RADIATION; THZ RADIATION; TUNABLE METAMATERIALS;

TERAHERTZ WAVES;

METAMATERIALS;

EID: 84866029823     PISSN: 2156342X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2012.2209878     Document Type: Review

References (89)

1. W. L. Chan, J. Deibel, and D. M. Mittleman, "Imaging with terahertz radiation," Rep. Progr. in Phys., vol. 70, no. 8, pp. 1325-1379, 2007.
2. P. de Maagt, "Terahertz technology for space and earth applications," in First Eur. Conf. on Antennas Propag., Nov. 6-10, 2006, pp. 1-4.
3. S. J. Pendry, "Metamaterials and the control of electromagnetic fields," in OSA Tech. Dig. Conf. Coherence and Quantum Opt., 2007 [Online]. Available: CD-ROM, paper CMB2
4. D. Schurig et al., "Metamaterial electromagnetic cloak at microwave frequencies," Science, vol. 314, pp. 977-980, 2006.
5. J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins, and W. J. Stewart, "Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 47, pp. 2075-2084, 1999.
6. D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 84, 3 pp. 4184-4187, 2000.
7. H. Tao, N. I. Landy, K. Fan, A. C. Strikwerda, W. J. Padilla, R. D. Averitt, and X. Zhang, "Flexible terahertz metamaterials: Towards a terahertz metamaterial invisible cloak," in IEEE Int.Electron Devices Meeting '2008, San Francisco, CA, Dec. 15-17, 2008, pp. 1-4.
8. A. K. Azad, H.-T. Chen, X. Lu, J. Gu, N. R. Weisse-Bernstein, E. Akhadov, A. J. Taylor, W. Zhang, and J. F. O'Hara, "Flexible quasi-three- dimensional terahertz electric metamaterials," THz Sci. Technol., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 15-22, 2009.
9. H. Tao, C. M. Bingham, D. Pilon, K. Fan, A. C. Strikwerda, D. Shrekenhamer, W. J. Padilla, X. Zhang, and R. D. Averitt, "A dual band terahertz metamaterial absorber," J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., vol. 43, p. 225102, 2010.
10. F. Miyamaru, M. Wada Takeda, and K. Taima, "Characterization of terahertz metamaterials fabricated on flexible plastic films toward fabrication of bulk metamaterials in terahertz region," Appl. Phys. Express, vol. 2, no. 4, p. 042001, 2009.
11. H. Tao, A. Strikwerda, C. Bingham, W. J. Padilla, X. Zhang, and R. D. Averitt, "Dynamical control of terahertz metamaterial resonance response using bimaterial cantilevers," in PIERS Proc., Cambridge, USA, Jul. 2-6, 2008, pp. 870-873.
12. H. Tao, A. C. Strikwerda, K. Fan, W. J. Padilla, X. Zhang, and R. D. Averitt, "MEMS based structurally tunable metamaterials at terahertz frequencies," J. Infrared, Millim. THz Waves, no. 32, pp. 580-595, 2011.
13. W. M. Zhu, H. Cai, T. Mei, T. Bourouina, J. F. Tao, G. Q. Lo, D. L. Kwong, and A. Q. Liu, "A MEMS tunable metamaterial filter," in Proc. IEEE 23rd Int. Conf. on Micro Electro Mech. Syst. (MEMS), '2010, Wanchai, Hong Kong, Jan. 24-28, 2010, pp. 196-199.
14. J. Han and A. Lakhtakia, "Semiconductor split-ring resonators for thermally tunable terahertz metamaterials," J. Modern Opt., vol. 56, pp. 554-557, 2009.
15. N.-H. Shen, M. Kafesaki, T. Koschny, L. Zhang, E. N. Economou, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Broadband blueshift tunable metamaterials and dual-band switches," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 79, p. 161102, 2009.
16. H.-T. Chen, W. J. Padilla, R. D. Averitt, A. C. Gossard, C. Highstrete, M. Lee, J. F. O'Hara, and A. J. Taylor, "Electromagnetic metamaterials for terahertz applications," Terahertz Science and Technology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 42-50, 2008.
17. H. Chen, W. J. Padilla, R. D. Averitt, J. F. O'Hara, and M. Lee, "Active Terahertz Metamaterial Devices," U.S. Patent 7826504, Nov. 2, 2010.
18. Q. Zhao, J. Zhou, F. Zhang, and D. Lippens, "Mie resonance based dielectric metamaterial," Materials Today, vol. 12, pp. 60-69, 2009.
19. M. S. Wheeler, J. S. Aitchison, and M. Mojahedi, "Three-dimensional array of dielectric spheres with an isotropic negative permeability at infrared frequencies," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 72, p. 193103, 2005.
20. K. Shibuya et al., "Terahertz metamaterials composed of TiO2 cube arrays," in Proc. 2nd Int. Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Mater. in Microw. and Opt., Pamplona, Spain, Sep. 21-26, 2008, pp. 777-779.
21. T. Lepetit, E. Akmansoy, M. Pate, and J.-P. Ganne, "Experimental measurement of negative index in an all-dielectric metamaterial," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 95, no. 12, pp. 121101-121101-3, 2009.
22. X. Cai, R. Zhu, and G. H., "Experimental study for metamaterials based on dielectric resonators and wire frame," Metamater., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 220-226, Dec. 2008.
23. Y. G. Ma, L. Zhao, P. Wang, and C. K. Ong, "Fabrication of negative index materials using dielectric and metallic composite route," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 93, no. 18, p. 184103, 2008.
24. O. G. Vendik and M. S. Gashinova, "Artificial double negative (DNG) media composed by two different dielectric sphere lattices embedded in a dielectric matrix," in Proc. 34th Eur. Microw. Conf. 2004, Oct. 2004, pp. 1209-1212.
25. I. Vendik, M. Odit, and D. Kozlov, "3D isotropic metamaterial based on a regular array of resonant dielectric spherical inclusions," Metamater., vol. 3, no. 3-4, pp. 140-147, 2009.
26. I. Vendik, M. Odit, and D. Kozlov, "3D metamaterial based on a regular array of resonant dielectric inclusions," in Radioengineering, Proc. Czech and Slovak Tech. Univ. and URSI Commities, Jun. 2009, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 111-116.
27. K. C. Huang, M. L. Povinelli, and J. D. Joannopoulos, "Negative effective permeability in polaritonic photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 85, p. 543, 2004.
28. V. Yannopapas and A. Moroz, "Negative refractive index metamaterials from inherently non-magnetic materials for deep infrared to terahertz frequency ranges," J. Phys.: Condensed Matter, vol. 17, no. 25, pp. 3717-3734, 2005.
29. B. J. Seo, T. Ueda, T. Itoh, and H. Fetterman, "Isotropic left handed material at optical frequency with dielectric spheres embedded in negative permittivity medium," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 88, p. 161122, 2006.
30. G. Vélu et al., "Electrical characterizations of paraelectric BST thin films up to 1 THz," Ferroelectrics, vol. 353, p. 29, 2007.
31. B. Hou, G. Xu, H. Wong, and W. Wen, "Tuning of photonic bandgaps by a field-induced structural change of fractal metamaterials," Opt. Express, vol. 13, p. 9149, 2005.
32. H. Němec et al., "Tunable terahertz metamaterials with negative permeability," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 79, p. 241108(R), 2009.
33. S. O'Brien and J. B. Pendry, "Photonic band gap effects and magnetic activity in dielectric composites," J. Phys.: Condensed Matter, vol. 14, p. 4035, 2002.
34. D. P. Gaillot, C. Croënne, and D. Lippens, "An all-dielectric route for terahertz cloaking," Opt. Express, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 3986-3992, 2008.
35. P. Kužel, F. Kadlec, H. Němec, R. Ott, E. Hollmann, and N. Klein, "Dielectric tunability of SrTiO3 thin films in the terahertz range," APL, vol. 88, p. 102901, 2006.
36. P. Kužel, F. Kadlec, J. Petzelt, J. Schubert, and G. Panaitov, "Highly tunable SrTiO DyScO heterostructures for applications in the terahertz range," APL, vol. 91, p. 232911, 2007.
37. F. Kadlec, C. Kadlec, J. Schubert, G. I. Panaitov, and P. Kužel, "Modulators of THz radiation based on SrTiO3 epitaxial thin films," in 33rd Int. Conf. on Infrared, Millim. and THz Waves, 2008. IRMMW-THz 2008, Pasadena, CA, Sep. 15-19, 2008.
38. M. Misra, K. Kotani, I. Kawayama, H. Murakami, and M. Tonouchi, "Observation of TO1 soft mode in SrTiO3 films by terahertz time domain spectroscopy," APL, vol. 87, p. 182909, 2005.
39. A. Pashkin, "Terahertz spectroscopy of ferroelectrics and related materials," Ph.D. Thesis, Prague, Czech Republic, 2004.
40. M. Gil, C. Damm, A. Giere, M. Sazegar, J. Bonache, R. Jakoby, and F. Martin, "Electrically tunable split-ring resonators at microwave frequencies based on barium-strontium-titanate thick films," Electron. Lett., vol. 45, no. 8, 2009.
41. T. H. Hand and S. A. Cummer, "Frequency tunable electromagnetic metamaterial using ferroelectric loaded split rings," JAP, vol. 103, p. 066105, 2008.
42. G. Houzet, X. Melique, D. Lippens, L. Burgnies, G. Velu, and J.-C. Carru, "Microstrip transmission line loaded by split-ring resonators tuned by ferroelectric thin film," Progr. Electromagn. Res. C, vol. 12, pp. 225-236, 2010.
43. Z. Qian, K. Lei, D. Bo, Z. HongJie, X. Qin, L. Bo, Z. Ji, L. L. Tu, and M. Y. Gang, "Isotropic negative permeability composite based on Mie resonance of the BST-MgO dielectric medium," Chinese Sci. Bull., vol. 53, no. 21, pp. 3272-3276, Nov. 2008.
44. F. Zhang, D. Lippens, and A. L. Borja, "Low profile small antenna using ferroelectrics cube based artificial magnetic conductor," in 2010 Proc. 4th Eur. Conf. Antennas Propag. (EuCAP), Apr. 12-16, 2010, pp. 1-5.
45. J. F. Scott, H. J. Fan, S. Kawasaki, J. Banys, M. Ivanov, A. Krotkus, J. Macutkevic, R. Blinc, V. V. Laguta, P. Cevc, J. S. Liu, and A. L. Kholkin, "Terahertz emission from tubular Pb(Zr, Ti)O nanostruc-tures," Nano Lett., vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 4404-4409, 2008.
46. H. L. Glass, "Ferrite films for microwave and millimeter-wave devices," Proc. IEEE, vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 151-158, Feb. 1988.
47. J. D. Adam, S. V. Krishnaswami, S. H. Talisa, and K. C. Yoo, "Thin-film ferrites for microwave and millimeter-wave applications," J. Magn. Magn. Mater., vol. 83, p. 419, 1990.
48. D. B. Nicholson, "Hexagonal ferrites for millimeter-wave applications," Hewlett-Packard J., vol. 41, p. 59, 1990.
49. V. G. Harris et al., "Ba-hexaferrite films for next generation microwave devices (invited)," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 99, p. 08M911, 2006.
50. A. B. Ustinov, A. S. Tatarenko, G. Srinivasan, and A. M. Balbashov, "Al substituted Ba-hexaferrite single-crystal films for millimeter-wave devices," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 105, p. 023908, 2009.
51. A. B. Ustinov and G. Srinivasan, "Subterahertz excitations and mag-netoelectric effects in hexaferrite-piezoelectric bilayers," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 93, p. 142503, 2008.
52. M. Popov, I. Zavislyak, A. Ustinov, and G. Srinivasan, "Sub-terahertz magnetic and dielectric excitations in hexagonal ferrites," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 47, no. 2, 2011.
53. Y. Lu and R. J. Knize, "Realization of negative refraction via overlapping ferroelectric and ferromagnetic oxides," Piers Online, vol. 6, no. 3, 2010.
54. W. J. Kim et al., "Electrically and magnetically tunable microwave device using (Ba, Sr) TiO Y Fe O multilayer," Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process., vol. 71, p. 7, 2000.
55. Y. K. Fetisov and G. Srinivasan, "Electrically tunable ferrite-ferroelec-tric microwave delay lines," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 87, p. 103502, 2005.
56. Y. K. Fetisov and G. Srinivasan, "Electric field tuning characteristics of a ferrite-piezoelectric microwave resonator," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 88, p. 143503, 2006.
57. A. B. Ustinov et al., "Electric field tunable ferrite-ferroelectric hybrid wave microwave resonators: Experiment and theory," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 100, p. 093905, 2006.
58. A. B. Ustinov, B. A. Kalinikos, V. S. Tiberkevich, A. N. Slavin, and G. Srinivasan, "Q factor of dual-tunable microwave resonators based on yttrium iron garnet and barium strontium titanate layered structures," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 103, p. 063908, 2008.
59. A. B. Ustinov, G. Srinivasan, and Y. K. Fetisov, "Microwave resonators based on single-crystal yttrium iron garnet and lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate layered structures," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 103, p. 063901, 2008.
60. A. B. Ustinov, Y. K. Fetisov, and G. Srinivasan, "Planar ferrite-piezo-electric composite microwave resonator with electric and magnetic frequency tuning," Tech. Phys. Lett., vol. 34, p. 593, 2008.
61. A. S. Tatarenko, A. B. Ustinov, G. Srinivasan, V. M. Petrov, and M. I. Bichurin, "Microwave magnetoelectric effects in bilayers of piezoelectrics and ferrites with cubic magnetocrystalline anisotropy," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 108, p. 063923, 2010.
62. A. Zylbersztejn and N. F. Mott, "Metal-insulator transition in vanadium dioxide," Phys. Rev. B Solid State, vol. 11, pp. 4383-4395, 1975.
63. H.-T. Chen et al., "Experimental demonstration of frequency-agile terahertz metamaterials," Nature Photon., vol. 2, p. 295, 2008.
64. B. G. Chae, H. T. Kim, D. H. Youn, and K. Y. Kang, "Abrupt metal-insulator transition observed in VO2 thin films induced by a switching voltage pulse," Physica B, vol. 369, no. 1-4, pp. 76-80, 2005.
65. S. Lysenko et al., "Light-induced ultrafast phase transitions in VO2 thin film," Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 252, p. 5512, 2006.
66. T. Driscoll, H. T. Kim, B. G. Chae, M. Di Ventra, and D. N. Basov, "Phase-transition driven memristive system," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 95, p. 043503, 2009.
67. T. Driscoll et al., "Memory Metamaterials," Science, vol. 325, p. 1518, 2009.
68. M. J. Dicken et al., "Frequency tunable near-infrared metamaterials based on VO2 phase transition," Opt. Express, vol. 17, p. 18330, 2009.
69. M. A. Seo and J. S. Kyung et al., "Active terahertz nanoantennas based on VO phase transition.," Nano Lett., vol. 10, p. 2064, 2010.
70. J. S. Kyung et al., "Active terahertz metamaterials: Nano-slot antennas on VO2 thin films," Phys. Status Solid. C, vol. 8, p. 1227, 2011.
71. S. R. Ovshinsky, "Reversible electrical switching phenomena in disordered structures," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 21, p. 1450, 1968.
72. N. Zheludev, "Commentary: All change please," Nature Photon., vol. 1, p. 551, 2007.
73. Z. L. Sámson et al., "Metamaterial electrooptic switch of nanoscale thickness," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 96, p. 143105, 2010.
74. D. W. Hewak et al., in EPCOS'10, Cambridge, 2010.
75. Z. L. Sámson et al., "Chalcogenide glasses in active plasmonics," Phys. Status Solidi (RRL), vol. 4, p. 274, 2010.
76. E. Plum et al., "Metamaterials: Optical activity without chirality," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 102, p. 113902, 2009.
77. E. Plum et al., "Towards the lasing spaser: Controlling metamaterial optical response with semiconductor quantum dots," Opt. Express, vol. 17, p. 8548, 2009.
78. X. Wang, Y.-H. Ye, C. Zheng, Y. Qin, and T. J. Cui, "Tunable figure of merit for a negative-index metamaterial with a sandwich configuration," Opt. Lett., vol. 34, no. 22, pp. 3568-3570, 2009.
79. J. Han, J. Gu, X. Lu, M. He, Q. Xing, and W. Zhang, "Broadband resonant terahertz transmission in a composite metal-dielectric structure," Opt. Express, vol. 17, no. 19, pp. 16527-16534, 2009.
80. P. G. de Gennes and J. Prost, The Physics of Liquid Crystals Clarendon. Oxford, U.K.:, 1993, p. 34.
81. I. C. Khoo, Liquid Crystals: Physical Properties and Nonlinear Optical Phenomena. New York: Wiley InterScience, 1995.
82. A. Penirschke, S. Müller, P. Scheele, C. Weil, M. Wittek, C. Hock, and R. Jakoby, "Cavity perturbation method for characterization of liquid crystals up to 35 GHz," in Proc. 34th Eur. Microw. Conf., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Oct. 2004, pp. 545-548.
83. S. Mueller, A. Penirschke, C. Damm, P. Scheele, M. Wittek, C. Weil, and R. Jakoby, "Broad-band microwave characterization of liquid crystals using a temperature-controlled coaxial transmission line," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1937-1945, Jun. 2005.
84. J. A. Bossard, X. Liang, L. Li, S. Yun, D. H. Werner, B. Weiner, and T. S. Mayer et al., "Tunable frequency selective surfaces and negative-zero-positive index metamaterials based on liquid crystals," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 1308-1320, May 2008.
85. I. C. Khoo, D. H. Werner, X. Liang, A. Diaz, and B. Weiner, "Nanosphere dispersed liquid crystals for tunable negative-zero-positive index of refraction in the optical and terahertz regimes," Opt. Lett., vol. 31, no. 17, pp. 2592-2594, 2006.
86. D. H. Werner, D.-H. Kwon, I. C. Khoo, A. V. Kildishev, and V. M. Shalaev, "Liquid crystal clad near-infrared metamaterials with tunable negative-zero-positive refractive indices," Opt. Exspress, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 3342-3347, 2007.
87. A. Minovich, D. N. Neshev, D. A. Powell, I. V. Shadrivov, and Y. S. Kivshar, "Tunable fishnet metamaterials infiltrated by liquid crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 96, p. 193103, 2010.
88. Vendik, M. Odit, O. Vendik, D. Kholodnyak, S. Zubko, M. Sitnikova, P. Turalchuk, K. Zemlyakov, D. Kozlov, I. Munina, and S. Turgaliev, "Tunable metamaterials for THz electromagnetic spectrum," in Abstracts, Days on Diffraction 2011, Jun. 2011, pp. 177-178.
89. Nanostructured Metamaterials - Exchange Between Experts in Electromagnetics and Material Science, A. F. de Baas, Ed. Luxembourg: Publ. Office of Eur. Union, 2010.