The struggle over Turkey's Ilısu Dam: Domestic and international security linkages

International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 231-250

  Warner, Jeroen ^a  

^a WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Euphrates Tigris; Hydropolitics; Securitisation; Turkey

Indexed keywords

DECISION MAKING; DOMESTICATION; INTERNATIONAL LAW; NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION; SECURITY THREAT; WATER MANAGEMENT;

ILISU DAM; MARDIN; TURKEY;

HARNESS;

EID: 84865828625     PISSN: 15679764     EISSN: 15731553     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10784-012-9178-x     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Allan, J. A. (2007). Rural economic transitions: Groundwater uses in the middle east and its environment consequences. In M. Giordano & K. G. Villholth (Eds.), The agricultural groundwater revolution: Opportunities and threats to development (pp. 63-78). Cambridge, MA.: CAB International.
2. Aradau, C. (2004). Security and the democratic scene: Desecuritization and emancipation. Journal of International Relations and Development, 7(4), 388-413.
3. Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do things with words: The William James lectures delivered at Harvard University in 1955. Oxford: Clarendon.
4. Aydin, M. (2003). Securitization of history and geography; understanding of security in Turkey. Journal of Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 3(2), 163-184.
5. Balat, M. (2003). Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) of Turkey and Regional Development Applications. Energy Exploration and Exploitation, 21(5-6), 391-404.
6. Balzacq, T. (2005). The three faces of securitization: Political agency, audience and context. Journal of International Relations, 111(2), 171-201.
7. Bayraktar, S.-U. (2007). Turkish municipalities: Reconsidering local democracy beyond administrative autonomy. European Journal of Turkish Studies, URL: http://www. ejts. org/document1103. html Accessed April 2, 2012.
8. Bilen, O. (2000). Turkey and water issues in the middle east (2nd Ed). Ankara: Turkish Prime Mistry/GAP.
9. Bosshard, P. (1999). The Ili{dotless}su Hydroelectric Project (Turkey): A test case of international policy coherence. Berne Declaration, November 1998.
10. Brismar, A. (2002). The Atatürk Dam Project in South-East Turkey: Changes in objectives and planning over time'. Natural Resources Forum, 26, 100-112.
11. Bulloch, J., & Darwish, A. (1993). Water wars. London: Gollancz.
12. Buzan, B. (1991). People, states and fear: An agenda for international security studies in the post-cold war era (2nd ed.). Hertfordshire: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
13. Buzan, B., & Waever, O. (2011). Regions and powers. The strcuture of international security. Cambridge studies on international relations no. 91, Cambridge University Press.
14. Buzan, B., Waever, O., & de Wilde, J. (1998). Security: A new framework. Hampstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
15. Cernea, M. M. (2006). Comments on the Resettlement Action Plan for the Ili{dotless}su Dam and the HEPP Project. Prepared for the Berne Declaration, Switzerland, and the Ili{dotless}su Campaign, Europe.
16. CNN, (2003). Pentagon: Iraq could flood Tigris for defense. Tactic was used to slow Iranian forces during Iran-Iraq War, 21 March 2003.
17. Daoudy, M. (2005). Turkey and the region: Testing the links between power asymmetry and hydro-hegemony. Presentation given at first workshop on hydro-hegemony, May 21/22, 2005, King's College London, UK.
18. Daoudy, M. (2009). Asymmetric power: Negotiating water in the Euphrates and Tigris. International Negotiation, 14(2), 361-391.
19. Die Presse, (2010). Ili{dotless}su: Andritz liefert ohne Staatsgarantie. 15 June. Online: http://diepresse. com/home/wirtschaft/eastconomist/573957/Ili{dotless}su_Andritz-liefert-ohne-Staatsgarantie, Accessed April 2, 2002.
20. Dinar, S. (2009). Power asymmetry and negotiations in international river basins. International Negotiation, 14(2), 329-360.
21. Drew, K. (2002). The UK export credit guarantee department, corruption and the case for reform. London: Greenwich University, PSIRU (Public Service International Research Unit).
22. Eberlein, C., Drillisch, H., Ayboga, E., & Wenidoppler, T. (2010). The Ili{dotless}su dam in Turkey and the role of export credit agencies and NGO networks. Water Alternatives, 3(2), 291-312.
23. Erhan, S. (1997). The social structure in the GAP region and its evolution. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 13(4), 505-522.
24. El-Fadel, M., El Sayegh, Y., Abou Ibrahim, A., Jamali, D., & El-Fadl, K. K. (2002). The Euphrates-Tigris Basin: A case study in surface water conflict resolution. J. Nat. Res. Life Sci. Educ, 31, 99-110.
25. Fox, C. A., & Sneddon, C. (2007). Transboundary river basin agreements in the Mekong and Zambezi basins: Enhancing environmental security or securitizing the environment? International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 7(3), 237-261.
26. GAP-RDA (Greater Anatolia Project, Regional Development Administration) (2002). Master Plan. Background of the Southeast Anatolia Project, www. gap. gov. tr/EnglishGgbilgi/gtarihce. html/.
27. Grigoriadis, I. N. (2010). The Davutoǧlu Doctrine and Turkish Foreign Policy. Middle East Studies programme, working paper 8-2010, Bilkent University, Ankara. http://www. eliamep. gr/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/ΚΕΙΜΕΝΟ-ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑΣ-8_2010_IoGrigoriadis1. pdf.
28. Gruen, G. E. (2000). Turkish waters: Source of regional conflict or catalyst for peace? Water, Air, and Soil pollution, 123(1-4), 565-579.
29. Gruen, G. E. (2004). Turkish water exports: A model for regional co-operation in the development of water resources, 2nd Israeli-Palestinian international conference, 10-14 October 2004, http://www. ipcri. org/watconf/papers/george. pdf.
30. Hamilton, A. (2003). Resource wars and the politics of abundance and scarcity. Dialogue, 1(3), 27-38.
31. Harris, L., & Alatout, S. (2010). Negotiating scales, forging states: Comparison of the upper Tigris/Euphrates and Jordan River basins. Political Geography, 29, 148-156.
32. Hürriyet Daily News, (2010). Loan troubles for Ili{dotless}su Dam project nearly over, 31 January.
33. Ili{dotless}su Engineering Group, (2001). Ili{dotless}su Dam and HEPP Environmental Impact Assessment Report.
34. Jacoby, T. (2005). Semi-authoritarian incorporation and autocratic Militarism in Turkey. Development and Change, 36(4), 641-665.
35. Jongerden, J., Oudshoorn, R., & Laloli, H. (1997). Het verwoeste land, Berichten van de oorlog in Turks Koerdistan. Breda: De Papieren Tijger.
36. Kart, E. & Özerkan, F. (2006). 'Ili{dotless}su Dam: A gold necklace for Tigris or a rope around Hasankeyf's neck', Turkish Daily News, 13 August.
37. Keck, M., & Sikkink, K. (1998). Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy networks in international politics. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
38. KHRP (Kurdish Human Rights Project, Corner House, Ili{dotless}su Dam Campaign), (2002), Downstream Impacts of Turkish Dam Construction on Syria and Iraq, London.
39. Kibaroǧlu, A. (1996). Prospects for co-operation in the Euphrates-Tigris Basin. In P. Howsam & R. Carter (Eds.), Water policy: Allocation and management in practice (pp. 31-39). London: E & FN Spon.
40. Kibaroǧlu, A. (2002). Building bridges between key stakeholders in the irrigation sector: GAP-RDA's management operation and maintenance model. In O. Unver & R. K. Gupta (Eds.), Water resources management: Crosscutting issues. Ankara: METU Press.
41. Kibaroǧlu, A. (2003). Settling the dispute over the water resources in the Euphrates-Tigris River Basin, Stradigma, July. http://www. stradigma. com/english/july2003/articlesprint_01. html. April 2, 2012.
42. Kudat, A. (2000). Ili{dotless}su Dam's Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). achieving international best practice, August 7, 2000, Istanbul; unpublished report.
43. Kvaloy, F. (1994). NGO's and people's participation in relation to the Bangladesh flood action plan. Mankodi: Oslo.
44. Leboeuf, A., & Broughton, E. (2008). Securitization of health and environmental issues: Process and effects. Paris: Institut Français des Relations Internationales.
45. Litfin, K. (1999). Constructing environmental security and ecological interdependence. Global Governance, 5, 359-377.
46. Meinecke, M. (1996). Patterns of stylistic changes in Islamic architecture: Local traditions versus migrating artists. New York: University Press.
47. Mirkasymov, B. (2006). Water resources in the middle east conflict. Journal of Middle Eastern Geopolitics, 2(3), 51-63.
48. Monbiot, G. (1999, October 14). Close down the export credit guarantee department, The Guardian.
49. Morvaridi, B. (2006). Rights and development-induced displacement: Is it a case of risk management or social protection? Bradford Centre for International Development Research paper no. 16, University of Bradford.
50. Mukhtarov, F. G. (2009). The Hegemony of integrated water resources management: A study of policy translation in England, Turkey and Kazakhstan. Doctoral Thesis. Budapest: Central European University.
51. Munir, M. (2004). Turkey: Corruption notebook. Online; http://www. globalintegrity. org/2004/country. aspx?cc=tr& act=notebook.
52. Newman, D. (2009). In the name of security: In the name of peace. Environmental schizophrenia facing global environmental change. Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace, 4(VIII), 855-864.
53. Özok-Gündoǧan, N. (2005). "Social development" as a governmental Strategy in the Southeastern Anatolia Project. New Perspectives on Turkey, 32, 93-111.
54. Puchala, D. J., & Hopkins, R. F. (1983). International regimes: Lessons from inductive analysis. International Organization, 36, 427-469.
55. Scheumann, W. (2008). How global norms for large dams reach decision-makers. A case study from Turkey. In S. Neubert & M. Kipping (Eds.), Water politics and development cooperation local power plays and global governance (pp. 55-81). Berlin/London: Springer.
56. Scheumann, W., et al. (2011). Environmental impact assessment in Turkish Dam planning. In A. Kramer (Ed.), Turkey's water policy. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer.
57. Schulz, M. (1995). Turkey, Syria and Iraq: A hydropolitical security complex. In L. Ohlsson (Ed.), Hydropolitics. Conflicts over water as a development constraint (pp 91-122). London: Zed Books.
58. Shapland, G. (1997). Rivers of discord: International water disputes in the Middle East. New York: St. Martin's Press.
59. Shoup, D. (2006). Can archaeology build a dam? Sites and politics in Turkey's Southeast Anatolia Project. Journal of Mediterranean Archeology, 19(2), 231-258.
60. Smith-Spark, L. (2006, August 5). Turkey dam project back to haunt Kurds. BBC News.
61. Starr, J., & Stoll, D. (1988). The politics of scarcity. Water in the middle east. Boulder: Westview Press.
62. Ullmann, R. H. (1983). Redefining security. International Security, 8(1), 129-153.
63. Warner, J. (2005). Mending the GAP-hydropolitical security strategies in the Euphrates Tigris basin. In L. Wirkus (Ed.), Water, development and cooperation-comparative perspective: Euphrates-Tigris and Southern Africa; Proceedings of a workshops organised by BICC and ZEF, BICC paper no. 46.
64. Warner, J. (2008). Contested hydrohegemony: Hydraulic control and security in Turkey. Water Alternatives, 1(2), 271-288.
65. Warner, J. (2011). Flood planning. The politics of water security. London: IB Tauris.
66. Warner, J. (2012). Three lenses on water war, peace and hegemonic struggle on the Nile. International Journal of Sustainable Society, 4(1/2), 173-193.
67. Watts, N. (2009). Re-considering state-society dynamics in Turkey's Kurdish Southeast. European Journal of Turkish Studies, 10.
68. Williams, P. (2003). The security politics of enclosing transboundary river water resources. Paper presented at the Conference on Resource politics and security in a global age, University of Sheffield.
69. Wrigley, P. (2009, October 2). Dam disputes strain Turkey-Iraq ties. Asia Times.
70. Lopes, P. Duarte (this issue). Governing Iberian Rivers: from bilateral management to common basin governance? International Environmental Agreements.
71. Yavuz, E. (2008, March 12). Turkey, Iraq, Syria to initiate water talks, Today's zaman.
72. Zawahri, N. A. (2006). Stabilising Iraq's water supply: What the Euphrates and Tigris rivers can learn from the Indus. Third Water Quarterly, 27(6), 1027-1041.
73. Zawahri, N. A. (2008). Capturing the nature of co-operation, unstable co-operation, and conflict over international rivers: The story of the Indus, Yarmouk, Euphrates, and Tigris Rivers. International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, 8(3), 286-310.
74. Zeitoun, M., & Warner, J. (2006). Hydro-hegemony-a framework for analysis of trans-boundary water conflicts. Water Policy, 8, 435-460.