메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 67, Issue 7-8, 2012, Pages 403-411

Gender and Ethnic Differences in Smiling: A Yearbook Photographs Analysis from Kindergarten Through 12th Grade

Author keywords

Ethnicity; Gender; Smiling

Indexed keywords


EID: 84865809898     PISSN: 03600025     EISSN: 15732762     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11199-012-0158-y     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (10)

References (29)
  • 2
    • 0347987455 scopus 로고
    • Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex typing
    • doi:10.1037/0033-295X.88.4.354
    • Bem, S. L. (1981). Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex typing. Psychological Review, 88, 354-364. doi: 10. 1037/0033-295X. 88. 4. 354.
    • (1981) Psychological Review , vol.88 , pp. 354-364
    • Bem, S.L.1
  • 3
    • 0038794110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children's beliefs about violating gender norms: Boys shouldn't look like girls, and girls shouldn't act like boys
    • doi:10.1023/A:1023574427720
    • Blakemore, J. E. O. (2003). Children's beliefs about violating gender norms: Boys shouldn't look like girls, and girls shouldn't act like boys. Sex Roles, 48, 411-419. doi: 10. 1023/A: 1023574427720.
    • (2003) Sex Roles , vol.48 , pp. 411-419
    • Blakemore, J.E.O.1
  • 4
    • 0001435009 scopus 로고
    • Issues, problems, and pitfalls in assessing sex differences: A critical review of the psychology of sex differences
    • Block, J. H. (1976). Issues, problems, and pitfalls in assessing sex differences: A critical review of the psychology of sex differences. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 22, 283-308.
    • (1976) Merrill-Palmer Quarterly , vol.22 , pp. 283-308
    • Block, J.H.1
  • 5
    • 0009519251 scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in smiling as measured in a picture taking task
    • doi:10.1007/BF00288310
    • Brennan-Parks, K., Goddard, M., Wilson, A. E., & Kinnear, L. (1991). Sex differences in smiling as measured in a picture taking task. Sex Roles, 24, 375-382. doi: 10. 1007/BF00288310.
    • (1991) Sex Roles , vol.24 , pp. 375-382
    • Brennan-Parks, K.1    Goddard, M.2    Wilson, A.E.3    Kinnear, L.4
  • 6
    • 85050417869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • I'd rather go along and be considered a man: Masculinity and bystander intervention
    • doi:10.3149/jms.1601.3
    • Carlson, M. (2008). I'd rather go along and be considered a man: Masculinity and bystander intervention. The Journal of Men's Studies, 16, 3-17. doi: 10. 3149/jms. 1601. 3.
    • (2008) The Journal of Men's Studies , vol.16 , pp. 3-17
    • Carlson, M.1
  • 8
    • 29544432291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smiling in photographs: Childhood similarities between sexes become differences constant in adulthood
    • doi:10.2466/PR0.97.6.651-665
    • DeSantis, M., Mohan, P. J., & Steinhorst, R. K. (2005). Smiling in photographs: Childhood similarities between sexes become differences constant in adulthood. Psychological Reports, 97, 651-665. doi: 10. 2466/PR0. 97. 6. 651-665.
    • (2005) Psychological Reports , vol.97 , pp. 651-665
    • Desantis, M.1    Mohan, P.J.2    Steinhorst, R.K.3
  • 9
    • 0007228734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smiling in school yearbook photos: Gender differences from kindergarten to adulthood
    • Dodd, D. K., Russel, B. L., & Jenkins, C. (1999). Smiling in school yearbook photos: Gender differences from kindergarten to adulthood. Psychological Record, 49, 543-554.
    • (1999) Psychological Record , vol.49 , pp. 543-554
    • Dodd, D.K.1    Russel, B.L.2    Jenkins, C.3
  • 10
    • 33750992798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity and gender stereotypes of emotion
    • doi:10.1007/s11199-006-9020-4
    • Durik, A. M., Hyde, J. S., Marks, A. C., Roy, A. L., Anaya, D., & Schultz, G. (2006). Ethnicity and gender stereotypes of emotion. Sex Roles, 54, 429-445. doi: 10. 1007/s11199-006-9020-4.
    • (2006) Sex Roles , vol.54 , pp. 429-445
    • Durik, A.M.1    Hyde, J.S.2    Marks, A.C.3    Roy, A.L.4    Anaya, D.5    Schultz, G.6
  • 12
    • 33746217172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in smiling: An evolutionary neuroandrogenic theory
    • doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.03.034
    • Ellis, L. (2006). Gender differences in smiling: An evolutionary neuroandrogenic theory. Physiology & Behavior, 88, 303-308. doi: 10. 1016/j. physbeh. 2006. 03. 034.
    • (2006) Physiology & Behavior , vol.88 , pp. 303-308
    • Ellis, L.1
  • 13
    • 0031165748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks
    • doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x
    • Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T. (1997). Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 173-206. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1471-6402. 1997. tb00108. x.
    • (1997) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.21 , pp. 173-206
    • Fredrickson, B.L.1    Roberts, T.2
  • 14
    • 0025661231 scopus 로고
    • Masculinity, femininity, and sex role attitudes in early adolescence: Exploring gender intensification
    • doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb03574.x
    • Galambos, N. L., Almeida, D. M., & Petersen, A. C. (1990). Masculinity, femininity, and sex role attitudes in early adolescence: Exploring gender intensification. Child Development, 61, 1905-1914. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1467-8624. 1990. tb03574. x.
    • (1990) Child Development , vol.61 , pp. 1905-1914
    • Galambos, N.L.1    Almeida, D.M.2    Petersen, A.C.3
  • 15
    • 0006154567 scopus 로고
    • Demographic pictures of Black families
    • H. P. McAdoo (Ed.), Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc
    • Glick, P. C. (1988). Demographic pictures of Black families. In H. P. McAdoo (Ed.), Black families (pp. 111-132). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc.
    • (1988) Black Families , pp. 111-132
    • Glick, P.C.1
  • 16
    • 0029080309 scopus 로고
    • Stressful events and individual beliefs as correlates of economic disadvantage and aggression among urban children
    • doi:10.1037/0022-006X.63.4.518
    • Guerra, N. G., Huesmann, L. R., Tolan, P. H., van Acker, R., & Eron, L. D. (1995). Stressful events and individual beliefs as correlates of economic disadvantage and aggression among urban children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 518-528. doi: 10. 1037/0022-006X. 63. 4. 518.
    • (1995) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.63 , pp. 518-528
    • Guerra, N.G.1    Huesmann, L.R.2    Tolan, P.H.3    van Acker, R.4    Eron, L.D.5
  • 17
    • 0036272515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assigned and felt status in relation to observer-coded and participant-reported smiling
    • doi:10.1023/A:1015683720462
    • Hall, J. A., Horgan, T. G., & Carter, J. D. (2002). Assigned and felt status in relation to observer-coded and participant-reported smiling. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 26, 63-81. doi: 10. 1023/A: 1015683720462.
    • (2002) Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , vol.26 , pp. 63-81
    • Hall, J.A.1    Horgan, T.G.2    Carter, J.D.3
  • 18
    • 0007288110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender and smiling: A meta-analysis
    • A. Fischer (Ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • LaFrance, M., & Hecht, M. (2000). Gender and smiling: A meta-analysis. In A. Fischer (Ed.), Gender and emotion: Social psychological perspectives (pp. 118-142). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2000) Gender and Emotion: Social Psychological Perspectives , pp. 118-142
    • Lafrance, M.1    Hecht, M.2
  • 19
    • 0038143343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Contingent Smile: A meta-analysis of sex differences in smiling
    • doi:10.1037/0033-2909 129.2.305
    • LaFrance, M., Hecht, M., & Paluck, E. (2003). The Contingent Smile: A meta-analysis of sex differences in smiling. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 305-334. doi: 10. 1037/0033-2909 129. 2. 305.
    • (2003) Psychological Bulletin , vol.129 , pp. 305-334
    • Lafrance, M.1    Hecht, M.2    Paluck, E.3
  • 20
    • 21344489919 scopus 로고
    • Ethnic differences in affect intensity, emotion judgments, display rule attitudes, and self-reported emotional expression in an American sample
    • doi:10.1007/BF00995188
    • Matsumoto, D. (1993). Ethnic differences in affect intensity, emotion judgments, display rule attitudes, and self-reported emotional expression in an American sample. Motivation and Emotion, 17, 107-123. doi: 10. 1007/BF00995188.
    • (1993) Motivation and Emotion , vol.17 , pp. 107-123
    • Matsumoto, D.1
  • 21
    • 0001095223 scopus 로고
    • Self-posed behaviors of females and males in photographs
    • doi:10.1007/BF00287270
    • Mills, J. (1984). Self-posed behaviors of females and males in photographs. Sex Roles, 10, 633-637. doi: 10. 1007/BF00287270.
    • (1984) Sex Roles , vol.10 , pp. 633-637
    • Mills, J.1
  • 22
    • 0007299598 scopus 로고
    • College yearbook pictures: More females smile than males
    • Morse, C. (1982). College yearbook pictures: More females smile than males. Journal of Psychology, 110, 3-6.
    • (1982) Journal of Psychology , vol.110 , pp. 3-6
    • Morse, C.1
  • 23
    • 78649731237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Masculinities, the metrosexual, and media images: Across dimensions of age and ethnicity
    • doi:10.1007/s11199-010-9870-7
    • Pompper, D. (2010). Masculinities, the metrosexual, and media images: Across dimensions of age and ethnicity. Sex Roles, 63, 682-696. doi: 10. 1007/s11199-010-9870-7.
    • (2010) Sex Roles , vol.63 , pp. 682-696
    • Pompper, D.1
  • 24
    • 0002253604 scopus 로고
    • Gender displays in portrait photographs
    • doi:10.1007/BF00287672
    • Ragan, J. M. (1982). Gender displays in portrait photographs. Sex Roles, 8, 33-43. doi: 10. 1007/BF00287672.
    • (1982) Sex Roles , vol.8 , pp. 33-43
    • Ragan, J.M.1
  • 25
    • 77955266830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating hegemonic masculinity: Portrayals of masculinity in men's lifestyle magazines
    • doi:10.1007/s11199-010-9764-8
    • Ricciardelli, R., Clow, K. A., & White, P. (2010). Investigating hegemonic masculinity: Portrayals of masculinity in men's lifestyle magazines. Sex Roles, 63, 64-78. doi: 10. 1007/s11199-010-9764-8.
    • (2010) Sex Roles , vol.63 , pp. 64-78
    • Ricciardelli, R.1    Clow, K.A.2    White, P.3
  • 26
    • 9744243555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eroticizing men: Cultural influences on advertising and male objectification
    • doi:10.1023/A:1016575909173
    • Rohlinger, D. A. (2002). Eroticizing men: Cultural influences on advertising and male objectification. Sex Roles, 46, 61-74. doi: 10. 1023/A: 1016575909173.
    • (2002) Sex Roles , vol.46 , pp. 61-74
    • Rohlinger, D.A.1
  • 27
    • 14944365492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The gendering of men in early childhood education
    • doi:10.1007/s11199-005-1300-x
    • Sargent, P. (2005). The gendering of men in early childhood education. Sex Roles, 52, 251-259. doi: 10. 1007/s11199-005-1300-x.
    • (2005) Sex Roles , vol.52 , pp. 251-259
    • Sargent, P.1
  • 28
    • 0031155092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance
    • doi:10.1037/0003-066X.52.6.613
    • Steele, C. M. (1997). A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance. American Psychologist, 52, 613-629. doi: 10. 1037/0003-066X. 52. 6. 613.
    • (1997) American Psychologist , vol.52 , pp. 613-629
    • Steele, C.M.1
  • 29
    • 71049185425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adolescents' perceptions of the gendered context of depression: "tough" boys and objectified girls
    • Wisdom, J. P., Rees, A. M., Riley, K. J., & Weis, T. R. (2007). Adolescents' perceptions of the gendered context of depression: "tough" boys and objectified girls. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 29, 144-162.
    • (2007) Journal of Mental Health Counseling , vol.29 , pp. 144-162
    • Wisdom, J.P.1    Rees, A.M.2    Riley, K.J.3    Weis, T.R.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.