Indirectly pumped 3.7 THz InGaAs/InAlAs quantum-cascade lasers grown by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy

Optics Express

Volumn 20, Issue 18, 2012, Pages 20647-20658

  Fujita, Kazuue ^a   Yamanishi, Masamichi ^a   Furuta, Shinichi ^a   Tanaka, Kazunori ^a   Edamura, Tadataka ^a   Kubis, Tillmann ^b   Klimeck, Gerhard ^b  

^a CENTRAL RESEARCH LABORATORY   (Japan)

^b Purdue University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EPITAXIAL GROWTH; JET PUMPS; PUMPING (LASER); QUANTUM CASCADE LASERS; VAPORS;

CURRENT RANGE; INGAAS/INALAS; MATERIAL SYSTEMS; OPERATING TEMPERATURE; OUTPUT INTENSITY; PARASITIC CURRENT; PEAK OUTPUT POWER;

METALLORGANIC VAPOR PHASE EPITAXY;

ALUMINUM; GALLIUM; GALLIUM ARSENIDE; INDIUM; INDIUM ARSENIDE; ORGANOARSENIC DERIVATIVE;

ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; CRYSTALLIZATION; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; EQUIPMENT FAILURE ANALYSIS; METHODOLOGY; PHASE TRANSITION; PLASMA GAS; SOLID STATE LASER;

ALUMINUM; ARSENICALS; CRYSTALLIZATION; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; EQUIPMENT FAILURE ANALYSIS; GALLIUM; INDIUM; LASERS, SOLID-STATE; PHASE TRANSITION; PLASMA GASES;

EID: 84865788778     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.20.020647     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, D. A. Ritchie, R. C. Iotti, and F. Rossi, "Terahertz semiconductor-heterostructure laser," Nature 417(6885), 156-159 (2002).
2. B. S. Williams, "Terahertz quantum-cascade lasers," Nat. Photonics 1(9), 517-525 (2007) (and references cited therein).
3. M. A. Belkin, J. A. Fan, S. Hormoz, F. Capasso, S. P. Khanna, M. Lachab, A. G. Davies, and E. H. Linfield, "Terahertz quantum cascade lasers with copper metal-metal waveguides operating up to 178 K," Opt. Express 16(5), 3242-3248 (2008).
4. S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, "186 K operation of terahertz quantum-cascade lasers based on a diagonal design," Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(13), 131105 (2009).
5. S. Fathololoumi, E. Dupont, C. W. Chan, Z. R. Wasilewski, S. R. Laframboise, D. Ban, A. Mátyás, C. Jirauschek, Q. Hu, and H. C. Liu, "Terahertz quantum cascade lasers operating up to ~ 200 K with optimized oscillator strength and improved injection tunneling," Opt. Express 20(4), 3866-3876 (2012).
6. M. Fischer, G. Scalari, K. Celebi, M. Amanti, C. Walther, M. Beck, and J. Faist, "Scattering processes interahertz InGaAs/InAlAs quantum cascade lasers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(22), 221114 (2010).
7. M. Tonouchi, "Cutting-edge terahertz technology," Nat. Photonics 1(2), 97-105 (2007).
8. 0-values," Opt. Express 16(25), 20748-20758 (2008).
9. 0-values (~450 K) of long-wavelength (~15 μm), low-threshold-current density quantum-cascade lasers based on the indirect pump scheme," Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(20), 201109 (2010).
10. H. Yasuda, T. Kubis, P. Vogl, N. Sekine, I. Hosako, and K. Hirakawa, "Nonequilibrium Green's function calculation for four-level scheme terahertz quantum cascade lasers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(15), 151109 (2009).
11. A. Wacker, "Extraction-controlled quantum cascade lasers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(8), 081105 (2010).
12. T. Kubis, S. R. Mehrotra, and G. Klimeck, "Design concepts of terahertz quantum cascade lasers: Proposal for terahertz laser efficiency improvements," Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(26), 261106 (2010).
13. B," Nat. Phys. 7(2), 166-171 (2011).
14. M. Yamanishi, K. Fujita, T. Kubis, N. Yu, T. Edamura, K. Tanaka, G. Klimeck, and F. Capasso, "Indirect pumping operation of THz InGaAs/InAlAs quantum-cascade-lasers," paper presented at Eleventh International Conference on Intersubband Transitions in Quantum Wells, Badesi, Italy, 11-17, September 2011.
15. E. Dupont, S. Fathololoumi, Z. R. Wasilewski, G. Aers, S. R. Laframboise, M. Lindskog, S. G. Razavipour, A. Wacker, D. Ban, and H. C. Liu, "A phonon scattering assisted injection and extraction based terahertz quantum cascade laser," J. Appl. Phys. 111(7), 073111 (2012).
16. S. Fathololoumi, E. Dupont, Z. R. Wasilewski, G. Aers, S. R. Laframboise, S. G. Razavipour, M. Lindskog, A. Wacker, D. Ban, and H. C. Liu, "Terahertz quantum cascade lasers based on phonon scattering assisted injection and extraction," paper presented at Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO 2012), CTh4N.4, San Jose, CA, USA, 6-11, May 2012.
17. M. S. Vitiello, G. Scamarcio, and V. Spagnolo, "Temperature dependence of thermal conductivity and boundary resistance in THz quantum cascade lasers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 14(2), 431-435 (2008).
18. S. Kumar and Q. Hu, "Coherence of resonant-tunneling transport in terahertz quantum-cascade lasers," Phys. Rev. B 80(24), 245316 (2009).
19. T. Kubis, C. Yeh, P. Vogl, A. Benz, G. Fasching, and C. Deutsch, "Theory of nonequilibrium quantum transport and energy dissipation in terahertz quantum cascade lasers," Phys. Rev. B 79(19), 195323 (2009).
20. T. C. Kubis, "Quantum Transport in semiconductor nanostructures," in Selected Topics of Semiconductor Physics and Technology (Munich, Germany, 2009) vol. 114.
21. The energy-diffusion model has been recently proposed by one (MY) of the authors; M. Yamanishi, unpublished note (2012).
22. P. Harrison and R. W. Kelsall, "The relative importance of electron-electron and electron-phonon scattering in terahertz quantum cascade lasers," Solid-State Electron. 42(7-8), 1449-1451 (1998).
23. M. S. Vitiello, R. C. Iotti, F. Rossi, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, Q. Hu, and G. Scamarcio, "Non-equilibrium longitudinal and transverse optical phonons in terahertz quantum cascade lasers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(9), 091101 (2012).
24. M. S. Vitiello, G. Scamarcio, V. Spagnolo, B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, "Measurement of subband electronic temperatures and population inversion in THz quantum-cascade lasers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(11), 111115 (2005).
25. T. Liu, T. Kubis, Q. Jie Wang, and G. Klimeck, "Design of three-well indirect pumping terahertz quantum cascade lasers for high optical gain based on noequilibrium Green's function analysis," Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(12), 122110 (2012).