Secondary prevention of stroke: Pleiotropic effects of optimal oral pharmacotherapy (review)

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 3-7

  Kikuchi, Kiyoshi ^a,b   Kawahara, Ko Ichi ^c,d   Miura, Naoki ^e   Ito, Takashi ^d   Morimoto, Yoko ^d   Tancharoen, Salunya ^f   Takeshige, Nobuyuki ^b   Uchikado, Hisaaki ^b   Sakamoto, Rokudai ^a   Miyagi, Naohisa ^a   Kikuchi, Chiemi ^g   Iida, Narumi ^h   Shiomi, Naoto ⁱ   Kuramoto, Terukazu ^j   Hirohata, Masaru ^b   Maruyama, Ikuro ^d   Morioka, Motohiro ^b   Tanaka, Eiichiro ^b  

^a Yame Public General Hospital   (Japan)

^b KURUME UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

^c OSAKA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

^d KAGOSHIMA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^e KAGOSHIMA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^f MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY   (Thailand)

^g Nishida Koutoku Hospital   (Japan)

^h Research Laboratory   (Japan)

ⁱ Medical Care Center   (Japan)

^j Omuta City General Hospital   (Japan)

more..

Author keywords

Oral pharmacotherapy; Pleiotropic effects; Secondary prevention; Stroke

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ATORVASTATIN; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CILOSTAZOL; CLOPIDOGREL; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; EPROSARTAN; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; INDAPAMIDE; INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE 1; MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN 1; NITRENDIPINE; PADGEM PROTEIN; PERINDOPRIL; PIOGLITAZONE; PLACEBO; RAMIPRIL; SIMVASTATIN; TELMISARTAN;

ARTERY OCCLUSION; ATHEROGENESIS; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG MEGADOSE; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HUMAN; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; LOW DRUG DOSE; MONOTHERAPY; NEUROPROTECTION; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PERIPHERAL OCCLUSIVE ARTERY DISEASE; PLEIOTROPY; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SECONDARY PREVENTION; STROKE; THROMBOCYTE AGGREGATION; TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VASODILATATION;

EID: 84865708761     PISSN: 17920981     EISSN: 17921015     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.560     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Dobkin BH: Clinical practice. Rehabilitation after stroke. N Engl J Med 352: 1677-1684, 2005.
2. Murray CJ and Lopez AD: Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 349: 1436-1442, 1997.
3. Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT and Murray CJ: Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet 367: 1747-1757, 2006.
4. Rothwell PM, Algra A and Amarenco P: Medical treatment in acute and long-term secondary prevention after transient ischaemic attack and ischaemic stroke. Lancet 377: 1681-1692, 2011.
5. Paciaroni M and Bogousslavsky J: Primary and secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. Eur Neurol 63: 267-278, 2010.
6. Donnan GA, Fisher M, Macleod M and Davis SM: Stroke. Lancet 371: 1612-1623, 2008.
7. The Canadian Cooperative Study Group: A randomized trial of aspirin and sulfinpyrazone in threatened stroke. N Engl J Med 299: 53-59, 1978.
8. The Dutch TIA Trial Study Group: A comparison of two doses of aspirin (30 mg vs. 283 mg a day) in patients after a transient ischemic attack or minor ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 325: 1261-1266, 1991.
9. Farrell UK-TIA Study Group: The United Kingdom transient ischaemic attack (UK-TIA) aspirin trial: final results. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 54: 1044-1054, 1991.
10. Kral M, Herzig R, Sanak D, et al: Oral antiplatelet therapy in stroke prevention. Minireview. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 154: 203-210, 2010.
11. Johnson ES, Lanes SF, Wentworth CE III, Satterfield MH, Abebe BL and Dicker LW: A metaregression analysis of the dose-response effect of aspirin on stroke. Arch Intern Med 159: 1248-1253, 1999.
12. Furie KL, Kasner SE, Adams RJ, et al: Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the american heart association/american stroke association. Stroke 42: 227-276, 2011.
13. Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration: Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 324: 71-86, 2002.
14. CAPRIE Steering Committee: A randomised, blinded trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet 348: 1329-1339, 1996.
15. He J, Whelton PK, Vu B and Klag MJ: Aspirin and risk of hemorrhagic stroke: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA 280: 1930-1935, 1998.
16. Topcuoglu MA, Arsava EM and Ay H: Antiplatelet resistance in stroke. Expert Rev Neurother 11: 251-263, 2011.
17. Lee JH, Cha JK, Lee SJ, Ha SW and Kwon SU: Addition of cilostazol reduces biological aspirin resistance in aspirin users with ischaemic stroke: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Eur J Neurol 17: 434-442, 2011.
18. Maruyama H, Takeda H, Dembo T, et al: Clopidogrel resistance and the effect of combination cilostazol in patients with ischemic stroke or carotid artery stenting using the VerifyNow P2Y12 Assay. Intern Med 50: 695-698, 2011.
19. Al-Qudah ZA, Hassan AE and Qureshi AI: Cilostazol in patients with ischemic stroke. Expert Opin Pharmacother 12: 1305-1315, 2011.
20. Huang Y, Cheng Y, Wu J, et al: Cilostazol as an alternative to aspirin after ischaemic stroke: a randomised, double-blind, pilot study. Lancet Neurol 7: 494-499, 2008.
21. Shinohara Y, Katayama Y, Uchiyama S, et al: Cilostazol for prevention of secondary stroke (CSPS 2): an aspirin-controlled, double-blind, randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet Neurol 9: 959-968, 2010.
22. Translational Research Informatics Center, Hyogo, Japan: Cilostazol-aspirin therapy against recurrent stroke with intracranial artery stenosis (CATHARSIS). 2009. http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/clinicalstudies/624. Accessed 10 January 2012.
23. Muhlestein JB: Effect of antiplatelet therapy on inflammatory markers in atherothrombotic patients. Thromb Haemost 103: 71-82, 2010.
24. Goto S: Cilostazol: potential mechanism of action for antithrombotic effects accompanied by a low rate of bleeding. Atheroscler Suppl 6: 3-11, 2005.
25. Omi H, Okayama N, Shimizu M, et al: Cilostazol inhibits high glucose-mediated endothelial-neutrophil adhesion by decreasing adhesion molecule expression via NO production. Microvasc Res 68: 119-125, 2004.
26. Hong KW, Lee JH, Kima KY, Park SY and Lee WS: Cilostazol: therapeutic potential against focal cerebral ischemic damage. Curr Pharm Des 12: 565-573, 2006.
27. Honda F, Imai H, Ishikawa M, et al: Cilostazol attenuates gray and white matter damage in a rodent model of focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke 37: 223-228, 2006.
28. Lawes CM, Bennett DA, Feigin VL and Rodgers A: Blood pressure and stroke: an overview of published reviews. Stroke 35: 776-785, 2004.
29. Rashid P, Leonardi-Bee J and Bath P: Blood pressure reduction and secondary prevention of stroke and other vascular events: a systematic review. Stroke 34: 2741-2748, 2003.
30. Lindholm LH, Carlberg B and Samuelsson O: Should beta blockers remain first choice in the treatment of primary hypertension? A meta-analysis. Lancet 366: 1545-1553, 2005.
31. Graham GD: Secondary stroke prevention: from guidelines to clinical practice. J Natl Med Assoc: 1125-1137, 2008.
32. PROGRESS Collaborative Group: Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6,105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet 358: 1033-1041, 2001.
33. Schrader J, Luders S, Kulschewski A, et al: Morbidity and mortality after stroke, eprosartan compared with nitrendipine for secondary prevention: principal results of a prospective randomized controlled study (MOSES). Stroke 36: 1218-1226, 2005.
34. Yusuf S, Teo KK, Pogue J, et al: Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N Engl J Med 358: 1547-1559, 2008.
35. Yusuf S, Diener HC, Sacco RL, et al: Telmisartan to prevent recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 359: 1225-1237, 2008.
36. Weber R, Weimar C and Diener HC: Medical prevention of stroke and stroke recurrence in patients with TIA and minor stroke. Expert Opin Pharmacother 10: 1883-1894, 2009.
37. Collins R, Armitage J, Parish S, Sleight P and Peto R; Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group: Effects of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin on stroke and other major vascular events in 20536 people with cerebrovascular disease or other high-risk conditions. Lancet 363: 757-767, 2004.
38. Amarenco P, Bogousslavsky J, Callahan A III, et al: High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med 355: 549-559, 2006.
39. Szapary L, Horvath B, Marton Z, et al: Short-term effect of low-dose atorvastatin on haemorrheological parameters, platelet aggregation and endothelial function in patients with cerebrovascular disease and hyperlipidaemia. CNS Drugs 18: 165-172, 2004.
40. Ky B, Burke A, Tsimikas S, et al: The influence of pravastatin and atorvastatin on markers of oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemic humans. J Am Coll Cardiol 51: 1653-1662, 2008.
41. Araujo FA, Rocha MA, Mendes JB and Andrade SP: Atorvastatin inhibits inflammatory angiogenesis in mice through down regulation of VEGF, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1. Biomed Pharmacother 64: 29-34, 2010.
42. Selvin E, Coresh J, Shahar E, Zhang L, Steffes M and Sharrett AR: Glycaemia (haemoglobin A1c) and incident ischaemic stroke: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Lancet Neur 4: 821-826, 2005.
43. Wilcox R, Bousser MG, Betteridge DJ, et al: Effects of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without previous stroke: results from PROactive (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events 04). Stroke 38: 865-873, 2007.
44. Mori Y, Itoh Y, Obata T and Tajima N: Effects of pioglitazone vs. glibenclamide on postprandial increases in glucose and triglyceride levels and on oxidative stress in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Endocrine 29: 143-148, 2006.
45. Fujitaka K, Otani H, Jo F, et al: Comparison of metabolic profile and adiponectin level with pioglitazone versus voglibose in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus associated with metabolic syndrome. Endocrine 58: 425-432, 2011.
46. Petrica L, Vlad A, Petrica M, et al: Pioglitazone delays proximal tubule dysfunction and improves cerebral vessels endothelial dysfunction in normoalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 94: 22-42, 2011.