On the performance of static mixers: A quantitative comparison

Progress in Polymer Science

Volumn 37, Issue 10, 2012, Pages 1333-1349

  Meijer, Han E H ^a   Singh, Mrityunjay K ^a   Anderson, Patrick D ^a  

^a EINDHOVEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Chaotic mixing; Mapping method; Polymer processing; Static mixers

Indexed keywords

DROPS; ENERGY UTILIZATION; MIXERS (MACHINERY); MIXING; PRESSURE DROP; REYNOLDS NUMBER;

CHAOTIC MIXING; HIGHLY VISCOUS FLUIDS; LARGE PRESSURE GRADIENTS; LOW REYNOLDS NUMBER; MAPPING METHOD; POLYMER PROCESSING; QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON; STATIC MIXERS;

ENERGY EFFICIENCY;

EID: 84865645559     PISSN: 00796700     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.12.004     Document Type: Review

References (88)

1. Sutherland WS. Improvement in apparatus for preparing gaseous fuel. UK 1784-1874.
2. T.P. Bor The static mixer as a chemical reactor Br Chem Eng 16 1971 610 612
3. H.P. Grace Dispersion phenomena in high viscosity immiscible fluid systems and application of static mixers as dispersion devices in such systems Chem Eng Commun 14 1982 225 277
4. E.B. Nauman Enhancement of heat transfer and thermal homo-geneity with motionless mixers AIChE J 25 1979 246 258
5. E.B. Nauman Reactions and residence time distributions in motionless mixers Can J Chem Eng 60 1982 136 140
6. E.B. Nauman On residence time and trajectory calculations in motionless mixers Chem Eng J 47 1991 141 148
7. J. Arimond, and L. Erwin A simulation of a motionless mixer Chem Eng Commun 37 1985 105 126
8. R.K. Thakur, C.H. Vial, K.D.P. Nigam, E.B. Nauman, and G. Djelveh Static mixers in the process industries: a review Chem Eng Res Des 81 2003 787 826
9. H. Barrue, C. Xuereb, P. Pitlot, L. Falk, and J. Bertrand Comparison of experimental and computational particle trajectories in a stirred vessel Chem Eng Technol 22 1999 511 521
10. H. Barrue, A. Karoui, N. Le Sauze, J. Costes, and F. Illy Comparison of aerodynamics and mixing mechanisms of three mixers: oxynator (TM) gas-gas mixer, KMA and SMI static mixers Chem Eng J 84 2001 343 354
11. J.Y. Oldshue Fluid mixing technology 1983 McGraw-Hill New York
12. A.W. Nienow, M.F. Edwards, and N. Harnby Mixing in the process industries 1997 Butterworth-Heinemann Oxford
13. E.L. Paul, V.A. Atiemo-Obeng, and S.M. Kresta Handbook of industrial mixing: science and practice vol. 1, s.l. 2003 Wiley-Interscience Hoboken NJ
14. M.H. Pahl, and E. Muschelknautz Static mixers and their applications Chem Ing Tech 52 1980 285 291
15. D. Rauline, P.A. Tanguy, J.M.L. le Blevec, and J. Bousquet Numerical investigation of the performance of several static mixers Can J Chem Eng 76 1998 527 535
16. D. Rauline, J.M.L. le Blevec, J. Bousquet, and P.A. Tanguy A comparative assessment of the performance of the Kenics and SMX static mixers Chem Eng Res Des 78 2000 389 396
17. P.V. Danckwerts The definition and measurement of some characteristics of mixtures Appl Sci Res A 1953 279 296
18. P.D. Anderson, and H.E.H. Meijer Chaotic mixing analyses by distribution matrices Appl Rheol 10 2000 119 133
19. P.G.M. Kruijt, O.S. Galaktionov, P.D. Anderson, G.W.M. Peters, and H.E.H. Meijer Analyzing mixing in periodic flows by distribution matrices: mapping method AIChE J 47 2001 1005 1015
20. O.S. Galaktionov, P.D. Anderson, P.G.M. Kruijt, G.W.M. Peters, and H.E.H. Meijer A mapping approach for 3D distributive mixing analysis Comput Fluids 3 2001 271 289
21. O.S. Galaktionov, P.D. Anderson, G.W.M. Peters, and H.E.H. Meijer Morphology development in kenics static mixers (application of the extended mapping method) Can J Chem Eng 80 2002 604 613
22. V. Stobiac, M. Heniche, C. Devals, F. Bertrand, and P. Tanguy A mapping method based on Gaussian quadrature: application to viscous mixing Chem Eng Res Des 86 2008 1410 1422
23. M.K. Singh, O.S. Galaktionov, H.E.H. Meijer, and P.D. Anderson A simplified approach to compute distribution matrices for the mapping method Comput Chem Eng 33 2009 1354 1362
24. O.S. Galaktionov, P.D. Anderson, G.W.M. Peters, and H.E.H. Meijer Analysis and optimization of Kenics mixers Int Polym Process 18 2003 138 150
25. M.K. Singh, T.G. Kang, P.D. Anderson, H.E.H. Meijer, and A.N. Hrymak Analysis and optimization of Low-Pressure Drop (LPD) static mixers AIChE J 55 2009 2208 2216
26. M.K. Singh, P.D. Anderson, and H.E.H. Meijer Understanding and optimizing the SMX static mixer Macromol Rapid Commun 30 2009 362 376
27. D.V. Khakhar, J.G. Franjione, and J.M. Ottino A case study of chaotic mixing in deterministic flows: the partitioned pipe mixer Chem Eng Sci 42 1987 2909 2919
28. H. Aref Stirring by chaotic advection J Fluid Mech 143 1984 1 21
29. H. Aref The development of chaotic advection Phys Fluids 14 2002 1315 1325
30. V.V. Meleshko, O.S. Galaktionov, G.W.M. Peters, and H.E.H. Meijer Three-dimensional mixing in stokes flow: the partitioned pipe mixer problem revisited Eur J Mech B Fluids 18 1999 783 792
31. D.M. Hobbs, and F.J. Muzzio Optimization of a static mixer using dynamical system techniques Chem Eng Sci 53 1998 3199 3213
32. H. Kusch, and J.M. Ottino Experiments on mixing in continuous chaotic flows J Fluid Mech 236 1992 319 348
33. F.H. Ling, and X. Zhang A numerical study on mixing in the Kenics static mixer Chem Eng Commun 136 1995 119 141
34. T. Avalosse, and M.J. Crochet Finite element simulation of mixing. 2 Three dimensional flow through a kenics mixer AIChE J 43 1997 588 597
35. O. Byrde, and M.L. Sawley Parallel computation and analysis of the flow in a static mixer Comput Fluids 28 1999 1 18
36. M. Regner, K. Ostergren, and C. Tragardh Effects of geometry and flow rate on secondary flow and the mixing process in static mixers - a numerical study Chem Eng Sci 61 2006 6133 6141
37. G.O. Fountain, D.V. Khakhar, I. Mezic, and J.M. Ottino Chaotic mixing in a bounded three-dimensional flow J Fluid Mech 417 2000 265 301
38. E.S. Szalai, and F.J. Muzzio Fundamental approach to the design and optimization of static mixers AIChE J 49 2003 2687 2699
39. D.M. Hobbs, and F.J. Muzzio The Kenics static mixer: a three-dimensional chaotic flow Chem Eng J 67 1997 153 166
40. D.M. Hobbs, P.D. Swanson, and F.J. Muzzio Numerical characterization of low Reynolds number flow in the Kenics static mixe Chem Eng Sci 53 1998 1565 1584
41. D.M. Hobbs, and F.J. Muzzio Reynolds number effects on laminar mixing in the Kenics static mixer Chem Eng J 80 1998 1942 1952
42. V. Kumar, S. Vaibhav, and K.D.P. Nigam Performance of Kenics static mixer over a wide range of Reynolds numbers Chem Eng J 139 2008 284 295
43. D.M. Krstic, M.N. Tekic, M.D. Caric, and S.D. Milanovic Kenics static mixer as turbulence promoter in cross-flow microfiltration of skim milk Sep Sci Technol 38 2003 1549 1560
44. R.K. Rahmani, A. Ayasouf, and T.G. Keith A numerical study of the global performance of two static mixers J Fluids Eng 129 2007 338 349
45. R.K. Rahmani, T.G. Keith, and A. Ayasouf Three-dimensional numerical simulation and performance study of an industrial helical static mixer J Fluids Eng 127 2005 467 483
46. A. Van Wageningen Dynamic flow in a kenics static mixer: an assessment of various CFD methods AIChE J 50 2004 1694 1696
47. E. Fourcade, R.O. Wadley, H.C.J. Hoefsloot, A. Green, and P.D. Iedema CFD calculation of laminar striation thinning in static mixer reactor Chem Eng Sci 56 2001 6729 6741
48. C.M.R. Madhuranthakam, Q. Pan, and G.L. Rempel Continuous process for production of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber using a Kenics KMX static mixer reactor AIChE J 55 2009 2934 2944
49. C.M.R. Madhuranthakam, Q. Pan, and G.L. Rempel Residence time distribution and liquid holdup in Kenics KMX static mixer with hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber solution and hydrogen gas system Chem Eng Sci 64 2009 3320 3328
50. O.S. Galaktionov, P.D. Anderson, G.W.M. Peters, and C.L. Tucker III A global, multi-scale simulation of laminar fluid mixing: the extended mapping method Int J Multiphase Flow 28 2002 497 523
51. G. Kumar, and S.N. Upadhyay Pressure drop and mixing behaviour of non-Newtonian fluids in a static mixing unit Can J Chem Eng 86 2008 684 692
52. S. Peryt, Z. Jaworski, and P. Pianko-Oprych Modelling of non-Newtonian fluid flows in a Kenics statics mixer Inz Chem Procesowa 22 2001 1097 1102
53. S. Peryt-Stawiarska, and Z. Jaworski Fluctuations of the non-Newtonian fluid flow in a Kenics static mixer: an experimental study Pol J Chem Technol 10 2008 35 37
54. Z. Jaworski, and P. Pianko-Oprych Two-phase laminar flow simulations in a Kenics static mixer - standard Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches Chem Eng Res Des 80 2002 910 916
55. A.L. Ventresca, Q. Cao, and A.K. Prasad The influence of viscosity ratio on mixing effectiveness in a two-fluid laminar motionless mixer Can J Chem Eng 80 2002 614 621
56. P. Pianko-Oprych, and Z. Jaworski CFD modelling of two-phase flows in an SMX static mixer Inz Chem Procesowa 24 2003 449 467
57. R. Munter Comparison of mass transfer efficiency and energy consumption in static mixers Ozone Sci Eng 32 2010 399 407
58. S.A. Jaffer, and P.E. Wood Quantification of laminar mixing in the Kenics static mixer: an experimental study Can J Chem Eng 76 1998 516 521
59. J.M. Zalc, E.S. Szalai, F.E. Muzzio, and S. Jaffer Characterization of flow and mixing in an SMX static mixer AIChE J 48 2002 427 436
60. J.M. Zalc, E.S. Szalai, and F.J. Muzzio Mixing dynamics in the SMX static mixer as a function of injection location and flow ratio Polym Eng Sci 43 2003 875 890
61. E.S. Mickaily-Hubber, F. Bertrand, P. Tanguy, T. Meyer, A. Renken, F.S. Rys, and M. Wehrli Numerical simulations of mixing in an SMRX static mixer Chem Eng J 63 1996 117 126
62. S. Liu, A.N. Hrymak, and P.E. Wood Design modifications to SMX static mixer for improving mixing AIChE J 52 2006 150 156
63. S. Hirschberg, R. Koubek, F. Moser, and J. Schock An improvement of the Sulzer SMX (TM) static mixer significantly reducing the pressure drop Chem Eng Res Des 87 2009 524 532
64. R. Sluijters Het principe van de multifluxmenger Ing Chem Tech 33 1965 33 36
65. Sluijters R. Mixing apparatus. US 3,051,453, 1959.
66. P.G.M. Kruijt, O.S. Galaktionov, G.W.M. Peters, and H.E.H. Meijer The mapping method for mixing optimization. Part 1. The multiflux static mixer Int Polym Process 16 2001 151 160
67. H.E.H. Meijer, J.M.H. Janssen, and P.D. Anderson Mixing of immiscible liquids I. Manas-Zloczower, Mixing and compounding of polymers: theory and practice 2009 Hanser Publications New York 41 177
68. J.C. Van der Hoeven, R. Wimberger-Friedl, and H.E.H. Meijer Homogeneity of multilayers produced with a static mixer Polym Eng Sci 41 2001 32 42
69. M. Ponting, A. Hiltner, and E. Baer Polymer nanostructures by forced assembly: process, structure, and properties Macromol Symp 294 2010 19 32
70. P.D. Anderson, and H.E.H. Meijer Scale down of mixing equipment: microfluidics I. Manas-Zloczower, Mixing and compounding of polymers: theory and practice 2009 Hanser Publications New York 645 697
71. V. Hessel, H. Löwe, and F. Schönfeld Micromixers - a review on passive and active mixing principles Chem Eng Sci 60 2005 2479 2501
72. A.D. Stroock, S.K.W. Dertinger, A. Ajdari, I. Mezić, H.A. Stone, and G.M. Whitesides Chaotic mixer for microchannels Science 295 2002 647 651
73. T.G. Kang, and T.H. Kwon Colored particle tracking method for mixing analysis of chaotic micromixers J Micromech Microeng 14 2004 891 899
74. M.K. Singh, T.G. Kang, H.E.H. Meijer, and P.D. Anderson The mapping method as a toolbox to analyze, design and optimize micromixers Microfluid Nanofluid 5 2008 313 325
75. D.S. Kim, S.W. Lee, T.H. Kwon, and S.S. Lee A barrier embedded chaotic micromixer J Micromech Microeng 14 2004 798 805
76. T.G. Kang, M.K. Singh, T.H. Kwon, and P.D. Anderson Chaotic mixing using periodic and aperiodic sequences of mixing protocols in a micromixer Microfluid Nanofluid 4 2008 589 599
77. R.H. Liu, M.A. Stremler, K.V. Sharp, M.G. Olsen, J.G. Santiago, R.J. Adrian, H. Aref, and D.J. Beebe Passive mixing in a three-dimensional serpentine microchannel J Microelectromech Syst 9 2000 190 197
78. J.M. Park, and T.H. Kwon Numerical characterization of three-dimensional serpentine micromixers AIChE J 54 2008 1999 2008
79. D.S. Kim, S.H. Lee, T.H. Kwon, and C.H.A. Ahn Serpentine laminating micromixer combining splitting/recombination and advection Lab Chip 5 2005 739747
80. J.M. Park, D.S. Kim, T.G. Kang, and T.H. Kwon Improved serpentine laminating micromixer with enhanced local advection Microfluid Nanofluid 4 2008 513 523
81. T.G. Kang, M.K. Singh, P.D. Anderson, and H.E.H.A. Meijer Chaotic serpentine mixer efficient in the creeping flow Microfluid Nanofluid 7 2009 783 795
82. P.E. Neerincx, R.P.J. Denteneer, S. Peelen, and H.E.H. Meijer Compact mixing using multiple splitting, stretching, and recombining flows Macromol Mater Eng 296 2011 349 361
83. SarhangiFard A, Hulsen MA, Famili NM, Meijer HEH, Anderson PD. Tools to simulate distributive mixing in twin-screw extruders. Macromol Theory Simul, doi:10.1002/mats.201100077, in press.
84. A. SarhangiFard, M.A. Hulsen, N.M. Famili, H.E.H. Meijer, and P.D. Anderson Adaptive non-conformal mesh refinement and extended finite element method for viscous flow inside complex moving geometries Int J Numer Methods Fluids 2011 10.1002/fld.2595
85. SarhangiFard A. Analysis and optimization of mixing inside twin-screw extruders. PhD Thesis. Materials Technology, TU Eindhoven, www.mate.tue.nl/mate/ pdfs/12451.pdf2010.
86. Anonymous SMXTM plus static mixer 2011 Sulzer Chemtech Ltd. www.sulzerchemtech.com/portaldata/11/Resources//brochures/mrt/Flyer-SMX-plus-e. pdf
87. Anonymous. Mixing and reaction technology. Sulzer Chemtech Ltd.; 2012, www.sulzerchemtech.com/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-567/732-read-1348/.
88. S. Hirschberg Private communication on Sulzer static mixers 2009 Sulzer Chemtech AG