Pathological Changes in the White Matter after Spinal Contusion Injury in the Rat

PLoS ONE

Volumn 7, Issue 8, 2012, Pages

  Ek, C Joakim ^a,b   Habgood, Mark D ^a   Dennis, Ross ^a   Dziegielewska, Katarzyna M ^a   Mallard, Carina ^b   Wheaton, Benjamin ^a   Saunders, Norman R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

2',3' CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE 3' PHOSPHODIESTERASE; MYELIN;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; AXONAL INJURY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CONTUSION; DISEASE ACTIVITY; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE DURATION; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; JUVENILE ANIMAL; MYELINATION; NONHUMAN; OLIGODENDROGLIA; PREDICTION; RAT; SPINAL CORD INJURY; WHITE MATTER INJURY;

ANIMALS; AXONS; BRAIN; CONTUSIONS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; INDOLES; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MODELS, NEUROLOGICAL; MYELIN SHEATH; NECROSIS; NERVE FIBERS, MYELINATED; OLIGODENDROGLIA; RATS; SPINAL CORD; SPINAL CORD INJURIES;

RATTUS;

EID: 84865594977     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043484     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Ek CJ, Habgood MD, Callaway JK, Dennis R, Dziegielewska KM, et al. (2010) Spatio-temporal progression of grey and white matter damage following contusion injury in rat spinal cord. PLoS One 5: e12021.
2. Steward O, Popovich PG, Dietrich WD, Kleitman N, (2012) Replication and reproducibility in spinal cord injury research. Exp Neurol 233: 597-605.
3. Illis LS, (2012) Central nervous system regeneration does not occur. Spinal Cord 50: 259-263.
4. Medana IM, Esiri MM, (2003) Axonal damage: a key predictor of outcome in human CNS diseases. Brain 126: 515-530.
5. Bresnahan JC, (1978) An electron-microscopic analysis of axonal alterations following blunt contusion of the spinal cord of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). J Neurol Sci 37: 59-82.
6. Gomes-Leal W, Corkill DJ, Picanco-Diniz CW, (2005) Systematic analysis of axonal damage and inflammatory response in different white matter tracts of acutely injured rat spinal cord. Brain Res 1066: 57-70.
7. Smith PM, Jeffery ND, (2006) Histological and ultrastructural analysis of white matter damage after naturally-occurring spinal cord injury. Brain Pathol 16: 99-109.
8. Rosenberg LJ, Wrathall JR, (1997) Quantitative analysis of acute axonal pathology in experimental spinal cord contusion. J Neurotrauma 14: 823-838.
9. Mills LR, Velumian AA, Agrawal SK, Theriault E, Fehlings MG, (2004) Confocal imaging of changes in glial calcium dynamics and homeostasis after mechanical injury in rat spinal cord white matter. Neuroimage 21: 1069-1082.
10. Fehlings MG, Tator CH, (1995) The relationships among the severity of spinal cord injury, residual neurological function, axon counts, and counts of retrogradely labeled neurons after experimental spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 132: 220-228.
11. Blight AR, (1983) Cellular morphology of chronic spinal cord injury in the cat: analysis of myelinated axons by line-sampling. Neuroscience 10: 521-543.
12. Cheng S, Stoodley MA, Wong J, Hemley S, Fletcher DF, et al. (2012) The presence of arachnoiditis affects the characteristics of CSF flow in the spinal subarachnoid space: A modelling study. J Biomech 45: 1186-1191.
13. Backe HA, Betz RR, Mesgarzadeh M, Beck T, Clancy M, (1991) Post-traumatic spinal cord cysts evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. Paraplegia 29: 607-612.
14. Domeniconi M, Filbin MT, (2005) Overcoming inhibitors in myelin to promote axonal regeneration. J Neurol Sci 233: 43-47.
15. McKerracher L, David S, Jackson DL, Kottis V, Dunn RJ, et al. (1994) Identification of myelin-associated glycoprotein as a major myelin-derived inhibitor of neurite growth. Neuron 13: 805-811.
16. Wang L, Hu B, Wong WM, Lu P, Wu W, et al. (2009) Glial and axonal responses in areas of Wallerian degeneration of the corticospinal and dorsal ascending tracts after spinal cord dorsal funiculotomy. Neuropathology 29: 230-241.
17. Lotan M, Solomon A, Ben-Bassat S, Schwartz M, (1994) Cytokines modulate the inflammatory response and change permissiveness to neuronal adhesion in injured mammalian central nervous system. Exp Neurol 126: 284-290.
18. Hirschberg DL, Yoles E, Belkin M, Schwartz M, (1994) Inflammation after axonal injury has conflicting consequences for recovery of function: rescue of spared axons is impaired but regeneration is supported. J Neuroimmunol 50: 9-16.
19. Gordon S, (2003) Alternative activation of macrophages. Nat Rev Immunol 3: 23-35.
20. Kigerl KA, Gensel JC, Ankeny DP, Alexander JK, Donnelly DJ, et al. (2009) Identification of two distinct macrophage subsets with divergent effects causing either neurotoxicity or regeneration in the injured mouse spinal cord. J Neurosci 29: 13435-13444.
21. Bramlett HM, Dietrich WD, (2007) Progressive damage after brain and spinal cord injury: pathomechanisms and treatment strategies. Prog Brain Res 161: 125-141.
22. Totoiu MO, Keirstead HS, (2005) Spinal cord injury is accompanied by chronic progressive demyelination. J Comp Neurol 486: 373-383.
23. Nashmi R, Fehlings MG, (2001) Changes in axonal physiology and morphology after chronic compressive injury of the rat thoracic spinal cord. Neuroscience 104: 235-251.
24. Grossman SD, Rosenberg LJ, Wrathall JR, (2001) Temporal-spatial pattern of acute neuronal and glial loss after spinal cord contusion. Exp Neurol 168: 273-282.
25. Koopmans GC, Deumens R, Buss A, Geoghegan L, Myint AM, et al. (2009) Acute rolipram/thalidomide treatment improves tissue sparing and locomotion after experimental spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol.
26. Andrade MS, Hanania FR, Daci K, Leme RJ, Chadi G, (2008) Contuse lesion of the rat spinal cord of moderate intensity leads to a higher time-dependent secondary neurodegeneration than severe one. An open-window for experimental neuroprotective interventions. Tissue Cell 40: 143-156.
27. Lampert P, Cressman M, (1967) Fine structural changes of myelin sheaths after axonal degeneration in the spinal cord. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 26: 156.
28. Olby NJ, Blakemore WF, (1996) Primary demyelination and regeneration of ascending axons in the dorsal funiculus of the rat spinal cord following photochemically induced injury. J Neurocytol 25: 465-480.
29. Wu B, Ren X, (2009) Promoting axonal myelination for improving neurological recovery in spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 26: 1847-1856.
30. Blight AR, Young W, (1989) Central axons in injured cat spinal cord recover electrophysiological function following remyelination by Schwann cells. J Neurol Sci 91: 15-34.
31. Griffiths IR, McCulloch MC, (1983) Nerve fibres in spinal cord impact injuries. Part 1. Changes in the myelin sheath during the initial 5 weeks. J Neurol Sci 58: 335-349.
32. Plemel JR, Chojnacki A, Sparling JS, Liu J, Plunet W, et al. (2011) Platelet-derived growth factor-responsive neural precursors give rise to myelinating oligodendrocytes after transplantation into the spinal cords of contused rats and dysmyelinated mice. Glia 59: 1891-1910.
33. Rabchevsky AG, Sullivan PG, Scheff SW, (2007) Temporal-spatial dynamics in oligodendrocyte and glial progenitor cell numbers throughout ventrolateral white matter following contusion spinal cord injury. Glia 55: 831-843.
34. Lasiene J, Shupe L, Perlmutter S, Horner P, (2008) No evidence for chronic demyelination in spared axons after spinal cord injury in a mouse. J Neurosci 28: 3887-3896.
35. Powers BE, Lasiene J, Plemel JR, Shupe L, Perlmutter SI, et al. (2012) Axonal Thinning and Extensive Remyelination without Chronic Demyelination in Spinal Injured Rats. J Neurosci 32: 5120-5125.